Medical Specialties Commons^™

Waiting For Child Developmental And Rehabilitation Services: An Overview Of Issues And Needs, Anton R. Miller, Robert Armstrong, Louise C. Mâsse, Anne F. Klassen, Jane Shen, Maureen E. O’Donnell

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Concern about the length of time that children, young people, and families may have to wait to access assessment, diagnostic, interventional, therapeutic, and supportive child developmental and rehabilitation (CDR) services is widespread, but adequate data collection and research on this issue remain limited. We review key concepts and issues relevant to waiting for CDR services from the published literature, a national workshop devoted to this topic, and international experience. We conclude that gaps in data, evidence, and consensus challenge our ability to address the issue of waiting for CDR services in a systematic way. A program of research coupled with …

Large Scale Variation In Enterococcus Faecalis Illustrated By The Genome Analysis Of Strain Og1rf, Agathe Bourgogne, Danielle A Garsin, Xiang Qin, Kavindra V Singh, Jouko Sillanpaa, Shailaja Yerrapragada, Yan Ding, Shannon Dugan-Rocha, Christian Buhay, Hua Shen, Guan Chen, Gabrielle Williams, Donna Muzny, Arash Maadani, Kristina A Fox, Jason Gioia, Lei Chen, Yue Shang, Cesar A Arias, Sreedhar R Nallapareddy, Meng Zhao, Vittal P Prakash, Shahreen Chowdhury, Huaiyang Jiang, Richard A Gibbs, Barbara E Murray, Sarah K Highlander, George M Weinstock

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Enterococcus faecalis has emerged as a major hospital pathogen. To explore its diversity, we sequenced E. faecalis strain OG1RF, which is commonly used for molecular manipulation and virulence studies.

RESULTS: The 2,739,625 base pair chromosome of OG1RF was found to contain approximately 232 kilobases unique to this strain compared to V583, the only publicly available sequenced strain. Almost no mobile genetic elements were found in OG1RF. The 64 areas of divergence were classified into three categories. First, OG1RF carries 39 unique regions, including 2 CRISPR loci and a new WxL locus. Second, we found nine replacements where a sequence …

Hiv-1 Tat And Aids-Associated Cancer: Targeting The Cellular Anti-Cancer Barrier?, Giuseppe Nunnari, Johanna A Smith, René Daniel

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is accompanied by a significant increase in the incidence of neoplasms. Several causative agents have been proposed for this phenomenon. These include immunodeficiency and oncogenic DNA viruses and the HIV-1 protein Tat. Cancer in general is closely linked to genomic instability and DNA repair mechanisms. The latter maintains genomic stability and serves as a cellular anti-cancer barrier. Defects in DNA repair pathway are associated with carcinogenesis. This review focuses on newly discovered connections of the HIV-1 protein Tat, as well as cellular co-factors of Tat, to double-strand break DNA repair. We propose that the Tat-induced …

Distinguishing Post-Treatment Changes From Recurrent Disease In Cholangiocarcinoma: A Case Report., Timothy N Showalter, A Omer Nawaz, Frederick M Fellin, Pramila R Anne, Ernest L Rosato, Adam P Dicker

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: Three-dimensional techniques for radiotherapy have expanded possibilities for partial volume liver radiotherapy. Characteristic, transient radiographic changes can occur in the absence of clinical radiation-induced liver disease after hepatic radiotherapy and must be distinguished from local recurrence. CASE PRESENTATION: In this report, we describe computed tomography changes after chemoradiotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma as an example of collaboration to determine the clinical significance of the radiographic finding. CONCLUSION: Because of improved three-dimensional, conformal radiotherapy techniques, consultation across disciplines may be necessary to interpret post-treatment imaging findings.

Tampons And Menstrual Hygiene Products, Shibani Kanungo, Hatim A. Omar

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

One-Year Treatment With Mometasone Furoate In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Peter M.A. Calverley, Stephen I. Rennard, Harold S. Nelson, Jill P. Karpel, Eduardo H. Abbate, Paul Stryszak, Heribert Staudinger

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

Many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are treated with twice daily (BID) inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). This study evaluated whether daily PM mometasone furoate administered via a dry powder inhaler (MF-DPI) was equally effective compared to twice daily dosing.In a 52-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 911 subjects with moderate-to-severe COPD managed without ICS received MF-DPI 800 microg QD PM, MF-DPI 400 microg BID, or placebo. The change from baseline in postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), total COPD symptom scores, and health status as well as the percentage of subjects with a COPD exacerbation were assessed. Adverse …

Correlation Of Three Immunohistochemically Detected Markers Of Neuroendocrine Differentiation With Clinical Predictors Of Disease Progression In Prostate Cancer, Hammad Ather, Farhat Abbas, Nuzhat Faruqui, Mohammad Israr, Shahid Pervez

Section of Urology

Background: The importance of immuno-histological detection of neuroendocrine differentiation in prostatic adenocarcinoma with respect to disease at presentation and Gleason grade is gaining acceptance. There is limited literature on the relative significance of three commonly used markers of NE differentiation i.e. Chromogranin A (CgA), Neuron specific enolase (NSE) and Synaptophysin (Syn). In the current work we have assessed the correlation of immuno-histological detection of neuroendocrine differentiation in prostatic adenocarcinoma with respect to disease at presentation and Gleason grade and to determine the relative value of various markers.
Materials and Methods: Consecutive samples of malignant prostatic specimens (Transurethral resection of prostate …

Oncolog Volume 53, Number 11, November 2008, John Lebas, Sunni Hosemann

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Options for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
• House Call: Saying No to Smoking: When You Need More than Willpower
• Intermediate-Stage Bladder Cancer: Deciding on Preoperative Chemotherapy and Urinary Diversion

Oncolog Volume 53, Number 07/08, July/August 2008, John Lebas, Sunni Hosemann

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Multiple Myeloma: Increasing Response, Remission, and Survival Rates in a Complex Disease
• House Call: A Guide to Radiation Therapy
• In Brief: Researchers Enhance Anticancer Activity of Natural Killer Cells in Laboratory
• Beyond Images: Advances in Interventional Radiology
• Radioembolotherapy Using Yttrium 90

Oncolog Volume 53, Number 05, May 2008, John Lebas, Joe Munch, Alexander V. Prokhorov Md, Phd

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Hepatocellular Carcinoma: New Standards in Therapy Emerging
• House Call: When Diagnosis Meets Denial
• In Brief: Overweight, Obese Patients Fare Worse with Breast Cancer, Researchers Find
• DiaLog: ASPIRE to Stop Teen Smoking, by Alexander V. Prokhorov, MD, PhD, Project Director, ASPIRE, Professor, Department of Behavioral Science
• A Reverse Approach to Adrenal Gland Resection

Oncolog Volume 53, Number 03, March 2008, John Lebas, Gordon B. Mills Md, Phd

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• In Search of the Answer
• DiaLog: Mapping the Cancer Genome, by Gordon Mills, MD, PhD, Director, Kleberg Center for Molecular Markers, Chair, Department of Systems Biology
• House Call: The Basics of Biopsies

Oncolog Volume 53, Number 02, February 2008, Joe Munch, Diane Witter, Guillermo Garcia-Manero Md

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Assessing Symptom Burden in Cancer
• DiaLog: Making Headway in Hematology, by Guillermo Garcia-Manero, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Leukemia
• Helping Kids Make Smart Food Choices
• Expanding Therapy Options for Advanced Cancer

Oncolog Volume 51, Number 01, January 2006, Stephanie P. Deming, Diane Witter

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Fertility After Cancer
• Improving the Odds in Lung Cancer
• House Call: Understanding the Basics of Melanoma

Oncolog Volume 53, Number 06, June 2008, Karen Stuyck, Virginia M. Mohlere, David Stouter, David Jenkins

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Psychotherapy Extends Cancer Care Beyond the Physical
• House Call: Understanding How Cancer Spreads
• DiaLog: Teaming Spiritual and Medical Care, by Rev. David Stouter, Chaplain, Department of Chaplaincy and Pastoral Education, and Rev. David Jenkins, Director, Department of Chaplaincy and Pastoral Education
• Radical Trachelectomy: A Fertility-Sparing Option for Invasive Cervical Cancer

Oncolog Volume 53, Number 01, January 2008, John Lebas, Don Norwood

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Prostate Cancer: A Tale of Two Therapies
• In Brief: Newly Identified Gene May Stop Development of Lung Cancers
• House Call: What You Should Know About Male Cancers
• Making Headway Against Myeloproliferative Disorders

Oncolog Volume 53, Number 04, April 2008, Diane Witter, John Lebas, Sunni Hosemann

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Cancer as a Chronic Disease
• In Brief: Cancer-Promoting Protein in Ovarian Cancer May Be Stopped with RNA Liposome
• House Call: Caring for the Caregiver
• Barely Benign

Oncolog Volume 53, Number 09, September 2008, Maude Veech, Dawn Chalaire

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Deciphering Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma
• House Call: Planning Ahead with Advance Directives
• A Child-Centered Approach to Anesthesia for Proton Therapy

Oncolog Volume 53, Number 10, October 2008, Joe Munch, Sunita Patterson

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Pancreatic Cancer: The Prognosis Is Changing
• Delivering “The Guardian of the Genome”
• House Call: “Seeing” Cancer from the Outside
• Catching Pancreatic Cancer Early

Digest Of The Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine (Winter 2008), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Digest

The Winter 2008 issue of the Digest of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine includes the following articles:

• Opening Remarks
• PCOM Updates and Kudos
• Women in Medicine: A Legacy of Achievement
• Reflections from the Past
• Leaders in Academic Medicine
• Advocates of Women’s Health
• Physician Workforce Issues: Bridging the Gender Gap
• Specialties: Breaking Down Barriers
• Founders’ Day
• James H. Black, DO ’62, O.J. Snyder Memorial Medal
• Sallee Ann Eckler, PhD, (DO ’08), Mason W. Pressly Memorial Medal
• Harm Reduction Therapy
• Willing and Able to Make a Difference
• Class Notes
• In Memoriam
• My Turn Essay
• Alumni Weekend 2008
• PCOM Events

Sensitization Of Ovarian Cancer Cells To Cisplatin By Genistein: The Role Of Nf-Kappab, Leigh A. Solomon, Shadan Ali, Sanjeev Banerjee, Adnan R. Munkarah, Robert T. Morris, Fazlul H. Sarkar

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Platinum-resistance (PR) continues to be a major problem in the management of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Response to various chemotherapeutic agents is poor in patients deemed PR. Genistein, a soy isoflavone has been shown to enhance the effect of chemotherapy in prostate and pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by reversing chemo-resistance phenotype. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of combination therapy with genistein and cisplatin as well as other cytotoxic conventional chemotherapeutic agents in platinum-sensitive (PS) and resistant EOC cells.

Methods

The PS human ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its …

A Stable Explant Culture Of Her2/Neu Invasive Carcinoma Supported By Alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin Expressing Stromal Cells To Evaluate Therapeutic Agents, Marie P. Piechocki

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

To gain a better understanding of the effects of therapeutic agents on the tumor microenvironment in invasive cancers, we developed a co-culture model from an invasive lobular carcinoma. Tumor cells expressing HER2/neu organize in nests surrounded by alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA) expressing tumor stroma to resemble the morphology of an invading tumor. This co-culture, Mammary Adenocarcinoma Model (MAM-1) maintains a 1:1 ratio of HER2/neu positive tumor cells to α-SMA-reactive stromal cells and renews this configuration for over 20 passages in vitro.

Methods

We characterized the cellular elements of the MAM-1 model by microarray analysis, and immunocytochemistry. We developed …

Functional Analysis Of Human Beta Defensin-1: Novel Insight Into Its Role In Prostate Cancer, Rebecca S. Bullard

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men in the United States. The molecular pathogenesis of this disease includes genetic alterations, infection, and exposure to inflammatory or dietary oxidants. Recently, research has focused on the role of host defense peptides in tumor immunity. Defensins, a highly conserved multigene family of proteins that possess antimicrobial and antiviral properties, play an essential role in innate and adaptive immunity. These peptides are categorized into alpha- and beta-defensins based upon the spacing and connection between the six conserved cysteine residues of the mature peptide. Human Beta Defensin-1 (hBD-1), an important …

Physician Assistant Class Of 2008, Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

All Yearbooks

Includes the White Coat Ceremony, Classroom candids, Class outings, Fall Retreat 2006, Halloween Party 2006, Christmas Party 2006, Clinical Skills Lab, PCOM Prom 2007, Powderpuff Football 2007, PA Olympics 2007, Senior Fridays.

In-Vivo Delivery Of Dna Vaccines Using Metallo-Lipid Nanoparticles, Clarissa Sara Gomez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

There has been a rapidly growing area of research in the design and synthesis of molecules that self-organize in water to form functional nanosystems and due to the high interest in the area metal ligand complexes were tested as drug delivery systems with a Leishmania vaccine. Herein, we present the design, synthesis and functional activity of Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes that self-assemble in water to form spherical nanoscale structures that exhibit an affinity to bind DNA and deliver it into eukaryotic cells with a high percent efficiency in-vitro. In order to assess the effectiveness of these nanoparticles to deliver DNA …

Focus On The Profession: Academic And Clinical Departments, Robert Armstrong

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

The departments within the Faculty of Medicine at UBC play a central role in achieving the goals of the expanded medical school, and the goals of the broader health care system. Four strategies are needed for success: make professionalism the tie that binds the Faculty of Medicine and the health authorities; engage clinical and academic de­partments as key drivers of professionalism; ensure knowledge development and continuous learning are recognized as central to professionalism; challenge government to focus on supporting professionalism.

Micrornas (Mirnas) In Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peter T. Nelson, Wang-Xia Wang, Bernard W. Rajeev

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Aging-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are the culmination of many different genetic and environmental influences. Prior studies have shown that RNAs are pathologically altered during the inexorable course of some NDs. Recent evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) may be a contributing factor in neurodegeneration. miRNAs are brain-enriched, small (~22 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs that participate in mRNA translational regulation. Although discovered in the framework of worm development, miRNAs are now appreciated to play a dynamic role in many mammalian brain-related biochemical pathways, including neuroplasticity and stress responses. Research about miRNAs in the context of neurodegeneration is accumulating rapidly, and the goal of …

Reducing Hiv/Aids In Young People In Sub-Sahara Africa: Gaps In Research And The Role Of Theory, Kristien Michielsen, Marleen Bosmans, Marleen Temmerman

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

This paper discusses the role of education in preventing HIV in children and young people in sub-Sahara Africa and presents the results of policy advisory research conducted on behalf of the Belgian Development Cooperation. The research consisted of a literature review and a field study in Rwanda. Relative to the high number of HIV prevention activities in sub-Sahara Africa, there is a limited number of scientific data on HIV risk reduction interventions for young people in this region. Longitudinal studies are especially scarce. Preliminary results show that many interventions have only a marginal impact on reducing sexual risk behaviour. Factors …

Successful Pregnancy Outcome Following Laparoscopic Myomectomy: Case Report, R. B. Parkar, Sikolia Wanyonyi, W. J. Kamau, D. Otieno

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Laparoscopic myomectomy is now widely used as an alternative to laparotomy in the management of symptomatic uterine fibroids. The advantages of this minimal access approach outweigh those of the open techniques. The pregnancy outcomes between the two methods have been studied and are comparable, but there still exists a lot of scepticism locally concerning this. It is against this background that we present a 31 year old nulliparous lady who had a two year history of primary infertility secondary to multiple uterine fibroids, the largest being fundal and measuring 6.6cm. She underwent a successful laparoscopic myomectomy in November, 2006 and …

Prevalence, Risk Factors And Outcome Of Acute Kidney Injury At The Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, Peter W. Munyu

Master of Medicine in Internal Medicine

Introduction: Acute kidney failure (acute kidney injury, AKI) is a group of syndromes that result in a decline in the glomerular filtration rate. In 2002, the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) group proposed the RIFLE criteria to standardize the definitions of AKI severity and outcome. This criterion has been validated in several studies. AKI is frequently encountered in hospitalized patients; it has a negative impact on mortality and morbidity. A lot of work has been done to describe the epidemiology of AKI in developed countries. The same does not apply for developing countries. This study was designed to evaluate AKI …

Comparison Of Doppler Studies In Obstetrics With Fetal Outcome, Sheila Waa

Master of Medicine in Imaging and Diagnostic Radiology

Purpose: to compare umbilical artery and middle cerebral Doppler ultrasound values in normal and high risk pregnancies with fetal outcome. Method: 121 consecutive pregnancies (at or over 28 weeks gestation), stratified into low and high risk pregnancies based on clinician information were prospectively examined with doppler ultrasound of UA and MCA. Results: outcome was available for 100 of the 121 patients. 26% of pregnancies had poor outcome. Of these 73% (19) and 27% (7) were classified as high risk and low risk respectively. UA alone or in combination with MCA was shown to have 100% specificity for predicting fetal outcome. …