Medical Specialties Commons^™

The "Incidental" Episode Of Ventricular Fibrillation: A Case Report, Fahim H. Jafary

Section of Cardiology

Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation (VF) carry important prognostic implications, especially in the post myocardial infarction period. However, artifact on the electrocardiographic tracing can mimic VF particularly on routinely recorded rhythm strips in hospitals. Such misinterpretation can lead to expensive (and potentially risky) diagnostic and therapeutic steps. We report on such a case and highlight the need for careful inspection of the tracing.

Influence Of Consecutive-Day Blood Sampling On Polymerase Chain Reaction-Adjusted Parasitological Cure Rates In An Antimalarial-Drug Trial Conducted In Tanzania, Andreas Martensson, Johan Ursing, M. Isabel Veiga, Lisa Wiklund, Christopher Membi, Scott M. Montgomery, Zul Premji, Anna Farnert, Andres Bjorkman, Billy Ngasala

Pathology, East Africa

We assessed the influence that consecutive-day blood sampling, compared with single-day blood sampling, had on polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-adjusted parasitological cure after stepwise genotyping of merozoite surface proteins 2 (msp2) and 1 (msp1) in 106 children in Tanzania who had uncomplicated falciparum malaria treated with either sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine or artemether- lumefantrine; 78 of these children developed recurrent parasitemia during the 42-day follow-up period. Initial msp2 genotyping identified 27 and 33 recrudescences by use of single- and consecutive-day sampling, respectively; in subsequent msp1 genotyping, 17 and 21 of these episodes, respectively, were still classified as recrudescences; these results indicate a similar sensitivity …

Periosteal Desmoid, Moazzam Murad, Vaqar Bari, M Zafar Rafique, Kashif Ashraf

Department of Radiology

Periosteal desmoid is a benign tumor like reactive fibrous lesion developed by repeated micro trauma. We describe the case of a 14 year old boy with pain in his right knee who underwent plain radiography followed by radionuclide bone scan. The final diagnosis was that of periosteal desmoid.

Self-Consistent Analyses For Potential Conduction Block In Nerves By An Ultrashort High-Intensity Electric Pulse, R. P. Joshi, A. Mishra, Q. Hu, K. H. Schoenbach, A. Pakhomov

Bioelectrics Publications

Simulation studies are presented that probe the possibility of using high-field (>100kV ∕ cm), short-duration (∼50ns) electrical pulses for nonthermal and reversible cessation of biological electrical signaling pathways. This would have obvious applications in neurophysiology, clinical research, neuromuscular stimulation therapies, and even nonlethal bioweapons development. The concept is based on the creation of a sufficiently high density of pores on the nerve membrane by an electric pulse. This modulates membrane conductance and presents an effective "electrical short" to an incident voltage wave traveling across a nerve. Net blocking of action potential propagation can then result. A continuum approach based …

The Association Of Lung Cancer Mortality With Income And Education In Kentucky Counties, David A. Gross

Center of Excellence in Rural Health Presentations

Lung cancer, the primary cause of cancer death in the United States, is particularly problematic in Kentucky, which has the nation’s highest rate of adult smokers. In fact, each Kentucky county exceeds the national rate for per capita lung cancer deaths. This project analyzes the relationships between lung cancer deaths, high school graduation rates, per capita personal income and adult smoking – and whether statistically significant differences exist among the variables between Kentucky’s Appalachian and non-Appalachian counties.

Labrad : Vol 32, Issue 1 - January 2007, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi

LABRAD - Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Radiology Archives

• T-Cell Receptor (TcR) Gene Rearrangement Studies: A Useful Adjunct for the Diagnosis of T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders
• Vitamin D Measurement
• Quiz
• Ristocetin Cofactor Activity
• Portal Biliopathy- An Uncommon Cause of Biliary Obstruction
• Laboratory Diagnosis of Hepatitis C: Transition from Serological to Molecular Methods
• Answer to Quiz
• Dengue Fever
• Bone Densitometry (DEXA Scanning) in the Diagnosis of Osteoporosis
• Western Blot for HIV 1 Virus
• 8th Sheffield International Conference - Diagnostic Imaging

Attenuation Of Hypotension Using Phenylephrine During Induction Of Anaesthesia With Propofol, Muhammad Imran, Fazal Hameed Khan, Mansoor Ahmed Khan

Department of Anaesthesia

Objective: To observe if phenylephrine mixed with propofol can attenuate hypotensive effects of propofol during induction of anaesthesia.
Methods: A total number of 135 adult ASA-I and ASA-II patients were divided into three groups. (Group A, B and C). All patients were induced with propofol 2.5 mg per kg. In Group A (control group) patients received propofol mixed with 2cc of 0.9% normal saline. Group B (study group) patients received propofol mixed with 2cc of a solution containing phenylephrine 25µg/cc (total 50µg); Group C (study group) patients received propofol mixed with 2cc of a solution containing phenylephrine 50µg/cc …

Vibrational Spectroscopy For Pathology From Biochemical Analysis To Diagnostic Tool, Fiona Lyng, Eoghan O'Faolain, J. Conroy, Aidan Meade, Peter Knief, Brendan Duffy, M. Hunter, J. Byrne, P. Kelehan, Hugh Byrne

Articles

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide with 80% of cases arising in the developing world. The mortality associated with cervical cancer can be reduced if this disease is detected at the early stages of development or at the pre-malignant state (cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia, CIN). The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool to detect biochemical changes accompanying cervical cancer progression. Raman spectra were acquired from proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates in order to gain an insight into the biochemical composition of cells and tissues. Spectra …

Emergency Airway Management Of A Patient With Mediastinal Mass, Anwar Ul Huda, Khalid Maudood Siddiqui, Fazal Hameed Khan

Department of Anaesthesia

Appropriate airway management is an essential part of anaesthesiologist's role. Extrinsic airway compression by rapidly growing mediastinal masses represents a therapeutic challenge to anaesthesiologists. We report a case of successful airway management in a patient with obstructed airway. The patient was a middle aged female who presented with severe respiratory distress secondary to a huge mediastinal mass. CT scan showed widened superior mediastinum with circumferential narrowing of trachea and left main bronchus. Her condition continued to deteriorate during her hospital admission, so emergency intubation and tracheostomy was planned. She was intubated with the help of a bougie using size 6 …

Oncolog, Volume 52, Number 12, December 2007, Sunni Hosemann, Diane Witter, Huong Le-Petross Md

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Worth More than a Thousand Words\
• A Step Forward for Stents
• House Call: Getting the Most From Your Doctor Visit
• DiaLog: Is MRI Better for Breast Screening?, by Huong Le-Petross, MD

Oncolog, Volume 52, Number 09, September 2007, Sunni Hosemann, Diane Witter, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi Md

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Sparing Life and Limb
• Can a Common Spice Be Use to Treat Cancer?
• House Call: Your First Colonoscopy: Here's What You Can Expect
• DiaLog: Targeted Therapies Are Here to Stay, by Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, MD

Oncolog, Volume 52, Number 06, June 2007, Don Norwood, Diane Witter

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Advances in Stem Cell Transplantation
• More Is Better, But How Much Is Enough?
• House Call: Save a Life by Donating Stem Cells
• Project FAROS Enrolling Local Hispanics in Study of Health Care Access

Oncolog, Volume 52, Number 10, October 2007, Diane Witter, Vickie J. Williams, Michael Fisch Md, Mph

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Cancer Chemoprevention: A Prescription for Health?
• Clinic Targets Oral Cancer at Early Stages
• Customized Cancer Care for Kids
• Hotline Consultation Available for Suspected Cancer Cases
• House Call: Cancer Stages: Understanding the Basics
• DiaLog: Rethinking the Standard of Care, by Michael Fisch, MD, MPH

Oncolog, Volume 52, Number 01, January 2007, Dawn Chalaire, Don Norwood, Robert Buckman Md, Phd

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Toward Personalized Medicine
• Making Strides in Esophageal Cancer
• House Call: Eat Well, Live Longer
• DiaLog: The Secret of Good "Person-Doctoring", by Robert Buckman, MD, PhD, Adjunct Professor of Neuro­-Oncology, M. D. Anderson Professor, University of Toronto

Oncolog, Volume 52, Number 07/08, July/August 2007, Diane Witter, Vickie J. Williams, Dawn Chalaire

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Harnessing the Power of Protons
• Gene-Environment Interaction Studies Answer the Question, “Why Did I Get Cancer?”
• House Call: Parents: Be Hopeful and Honest When Telling Kids about Your Serious Illness
• Helping Physicians Help Patients

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 And Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) Pneumoniae Promote Ab 1-42 Amyloid Processing In Murine Astrocytes Linking An Infectious Process To Alzheimer's Disease, Laura R. Triplett, Adam L. Dore, Kevin S. Kralik, Brian J. Balin, Susan T. Hingley, Denah M. Appelt

Scholarly Posters

Background: Several studies have suggested an infectious etiology for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, our laboratory identified Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) from autopsied sporadic AD brains, as well as developed a BALB/c mouse model that demonstrated infection-induced amyloid plaques similar to those found in AD. Hypothesis: We propose that an additional pathogen such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), also may be a contributing factor in toin the pathology seen in AD. HSV1, in addition to Cpn, may be triggering the abnormal cleavage of the beta amyloid precursor protein (bAPP) into Ab1-42 , thereby contributing to amyloid plaque formation. Our current …

Digest Of The Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine (Winter 2007), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Digest

The Winter 2007 issue of the Digest of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine includes the following articles:

• Opening Remarks
• Remembering Harry Ginsburg, DO ’42
• PCOM Updates and Kudos
• Building Partnerships: Assessing the Value of Physician-Patient Communications
• Recognizing Leadership, Loyalty, Service: Founders’ Day 2007
• Places, Camera, Action . . . Learning Primary Care Skills
• Out of Africa: True Tales of a Medical Missionary
• Class Notes
• In Memoriam
• My Turn
• PCOM Events

An Unusual Presentation Of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Of The Minor Salivary Glands With Cranial Nerve Palsy: A Case Study, Amal Abdul-Hussein, Pierre A. Morris, Tsveti Markova

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor entity and comprises about 1% of all malignant tumor of the oral and maxillofacial region. It is slow growing but a highly invasive cancer with a high recurrence rate. Intracranial ACC is even more infrequent and could be primary or secondary occurring either by direct invasion, hematogenous spread, or perineural spread. We report the first case of the 5^th and 6^th nerve palsy due to cavernous sinus invasion by adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Case presentation

A 49-year-old African American female presented to the emergency room complaining of severe right-sided …

Pediatricians' Attitudes, Experience And Referral Patterns Regarding Complementary/Alternative Medicine: A National Survey, Anju Sawni, Ronald Thomas

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

To assess pediatricians' attitudes toward & practice of Complementary/Alternative Medicine (CAM) including their knowledge, experience, & referral patterns for CAM therapies.

Methods

An anonymous, self-report, 27-item questionnaire was mailed nationally to fellows of the American Academy of Pediatrics in July 2004.

648 of 3500 pediatricians' surveyed responded (18%).

Results

The median age ranged from 46–59 yrs; 52% female, 81% Caucasian, 71% generalists, & 85% trained in the US. Over 96% of pediatricians' responding believed their patients were using CAM. Discussions of CAM use were initiated by the family (70%) & only 37% of pediatricians asked about CAM use …

Secondary Surfactant Dysfunction And Deficiency, Robin Louise Bissinger

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Based on literature in Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome in humans and evidence of surfactant activation in vitro and vivo, and our clinical observations of secondary respiratory decompensation in premature infancies recovering from RDS, a study was designed to look at the possibility of benefit from secondary surfactant administration in premature infancies with secondary decompensation after recovery from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). A prospective pilot study was performed to study the effects of secondary surfactant administration on oxygenation, ventilation and pulmonary function of neonates who had respiratory decompensation after recovery from RDS. A secondary data analysis was performed looking at pulmonary …

Rare Relapsed Extrapulmonary Hydatid Disease, Saulat H. Fatimi, Mj Schuuring, S. Sheikh

Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Hydatid cysts are rarely seen at the extrapulmonary sites. We report relapsed hydatid cysts with abdominal origin in a 25 years old woman. Over 1000 Hydatid cysts were removed through right posterolateral thoracotomy without any complications. Only very few cases are reported in the literature.

Building Blocks For The Development Of A Chronic Care Lung Cancer Model, Leeanne Berlinsky

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Lung cancer, is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States for both men and women, and as such, represents a tremendous burden on the healthcare system. Survival rates have remained relatively unchanged over the past forty years, yet we seem to be on the verge of a paradigm shift as a result of advances in early screening, diagnosis and better treatment modalities. Lung cancer is different from all other cancers in that 90% of lung cancer cases can be attributed to the conscious behavioral risk factor of smoking, either currently or previously engaged in by the patient. …

Single Instillation Of Mitomycin C Reduces 1st Year Recurrence Following Transurethral Resection Of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer, M Hammad Ather, S Aziz, M N. Sulaiman

Section of Urology

Objective: To study the impact of single instillation of 40 mg Mitomycin C (MMC-40) within first hour of transurethral resection (TUR), on first year recurrence of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
Methods: In this study of two groups of patients with similar demographics and tumour profile were compared to assess first year tumour recurrence pattern. Group A received MMC-40 within 30 minutes of TUR. Group B patients only had TUR of bladder tumour. Patients' charts were reviewed for demographic profile, preoperative diagnosis and imaging used, cytological work up, tumour profile both during cystoscopy and imaging used, patients records were also reviewed …

Avances En La Atención Postaborto En América Latina Y El Caribe: Investigando, Aplicando Y Expandiendo, Deborah L. Billings, Ricardo Vernon

Reproductive Health

This work by the Population Council and Ipas documents the intellectual, financial, and managerial effort that many organizations and institutions in Latin America and the Caribbean have made to achieve the objective of improving the quality and effectiveness of postabortion care services. This volume is a contribution to the preparation of directors, owners, and service providers, and to the creation and implementation of policies and programs based on scientific evidence, which will benefit women and the services themselves. Its five sections include an overview; results from country studies, and information about providers and program components; clinical care with various technologies, …

Study Of The Effectiveness Of Training Malian Social And Health Agents In Female Genital Cutting Issues And In Educating Their Clients, Nafissatou J. Diop, Fatoumata Traore, Habibatou Diallo, Ousmane Traore, Aissa Haidara Toure, Youssouf Diallo, Madina Sangare, Fatoumata Tandia, Keita Attaher Toure

Reproductive Health

This report documents findings of a study to assess the education and training of social and healthcare workers in Mali regarding female genital cutting (FGC). After two decades of campaigning against FGC in Mali, the results are not satisfactory when compared to the levels of human and financial investment. The Mali Division of Family and Community Health, with technical support from the Population Council, conducted this research to highlight certain issues related to the practice of FGC in Mali, in particular health consequences and the role health personnel can play in eradicating the practice. The continued prevalence of FGC among …

Contributing Towards Efforts To Abandon Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting In Kenya: A Situation Analysis, Humphres Evelia, Maryam Sheikh Abdi, Carolyne Njue, Ian Askew

Reproductive Health

The Kenyan Ministry of Gender, Sports, Culture and Social Services, with support from UNFPA/Kenya, commissioned the Population Council to conduct a situation analysis of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) programs in Kenya, with the overall objective of documenting the current status of and trends in FGM/C programming and to help identify crucial elements that need to be prioritized for support. Results show marked declines in prevalence nationally between generations, suggesting a decline in the practice as well as trends toward “medicalization” in recent years. The practice still continues for different reasons, such as rite of passage, for marriageability, controlling sexuality, religious …

Obesity As A Risk Factor For Preeclampsia: Role Of Inflammation And The Innate Immune System, Tanvi Jayendra Shah

Theses and Dissertations

Obesity is a known risk factor for preeclampsia, but the reason for this risk is unknown. We sought to demonstrate how obese individuals are predisposed to preeclampsia by mechanisms involving inflammation and the innate immune system. First, we used immunohistochemical studies to identify neutrophil infiltration, NF-κB activation and COX-2 expression in vascular tissue of obese women. We then demonstrated similar neutrophil infiltration and vascular inflammation in preeclamptic women.We used in vitro experiments to test if neutrophils and their products, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) can activate NF-κB and cause expression of its inflammatory products, COX-2, thromboxane …

Development Of A Blood Test For The Detection Of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma, Rebecca Slattery

Theses : Honours

Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma is a highly aggressive form of skin cancer that has a tendency to metastasise. In its early stages, the 5-year survival rate of patients is greater than 90% following surgical excision of an in situ tumour. However, following metastasis of the tumour, the 5-year survival rate declines to 5-35%. Due to the correlation between metastasis and declining survival, studies have attempted to identify potential metastasis as early as possible. Molecular markers of melanoma cells in the peripheral blood of CMM patients have been investigated, as the invasion of tumour cells into the blood is one of the …

Is It Time To Redesign Hospice? End-Of-Life Care At The User Interface, David J. Casarett

Center for Policy Research

Hospice is a system of end-of-life care that’s not used to its full potential. That is, hospice is not used in the way that would benefit patients and families as much as it could. My argument is that this is an issue of usability, or ergonomics—the science of design. I illustrate how to take what we have learned from the science of usability to make hospice more accessible and approachable, and to increase hospice use among those who would benefit from it. Underneath this discussion, though, there is a more fundamental question: Can we make hospice more usable or do …

Juvenile Ewing Sarcoma Presenting As A Pelvic Mass, Tahira Naru, Fauzia Haq Nawaz, Javed Rizvi

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

A teen aged girl with rapidly developing pelvic mass, associated with weight loss and left leg weakness, was evaluated and found to have Ewing's sarcoma of non-osseous origin from pelvis, which is a rare situation. She was treated by a multidisciplinary approach by surgery, chemotherapy and rehabilitation by physiotherapy to effective response.