Medical Specialties Commons^™

Neurosurgery, S. Ather Enam

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

No abstract provided.

Cd80 And Cd86 Control Antiviral Cd8+ T-Cell Function And Immune Surveillance Of Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68, Shinichiro Fuse, Joshua J. Obar, Sarah Bellfy, Erica K. Leung, Weijun Zhang, Edward J. Usherwood

Dartmouth Scholarship

The interactions between CD80 and CD86 on antigen-presenting cells and CD28 on T cells serve as an important costimulatory signal in the activation of T cells. Although the simplistic two-signal hypothesis has been challenged in recent years by the identification of different costimulators, this classical pathway has been shown to significantly impact antiviral humoral and cellular immune responses. How the CD80/CD86-CD28 pathway affects the control of chronic or latent infections has been less well characterized. In this study, we investigated its role in antiviral immune responses against murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) and immune surveillance using CD80/CD86^−/− mice. In the …

Surgical Correction Of Severe Bilateral Thumb Pincer-Nail Deformity, Scott T. Van Duzer, John S. Taras

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

A 53 year old woman presented to the office with complaint of severe bilateral thumb nail pain and the deformity shown (Figure 1). She denied previous trauma to her thumb nails and had no history of previous bacterial or fungal infections of her nails. Based on the curvature of her nails, which increased from proximal to distal, a diagnosis of bilateral thumb pincer nail deformity was made.

Open Versus Laparoscopic Pyloromyotomy For Pyloric Stenosis: A Prospective, Randomized Trial., Shawn D. St Peter, G W. Holcomb Iii, Casey M. Calkins, J Patrick Murphy, Walter S. Andrews, Ronald J. Sharp, Charles L. Snyder, Daniel J. Ostlie

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Pyloric stenosis, the most common surgical condition of infants, is treated by longitudinal myotomy of the pylorus. Comparative studies to date between open and laparoscopic pyloromyotomy have been retrospective and report conflicting results. To scientifically compare the 2 techniques, we conducted the first large prospective, randomized trial between the 2 approaches.

METHODS: After obtaining IRB approval, subjects with ultrasound-proven pyloric stenosis were randomized to either open or laparoscopic pyloromyotomy. Postoperative pain management, feeding schedule, and discharge criteria were identical for both groups. Operating time, postoperative emesis, analgesia requirements, time to full feeding, length of hospitalization after operation, and complications …

Incorporating Endoscope In Middle Ear Surgery, Shehzad Ghaffar, Mubasher Ikram, Ahsan Raza

Section of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery

We conducted a study to evaluate the use of a pediatric rigid otoendoscope for determining the extent of middle ear disease and for assessing ossicular integrity and mobility during tympanoplasty. Our study population was made up of 132 patients who were undergoing surgery for the treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media; of this group, 41 patients underwent otoendoscopy and 91 underwent scutum lowering for purposes of visualization. In the otoendoscopy group, the ossicles were successfully visualized and their mobility assessed in 34 patients; the remaining 7 patients subsequently underwent scutum lowering. A 30° endoscope allowed for complete visualization of the …

Ligand-Signaled Upregulation Of Enterococcus Faecalis Ace Transcription, A Mechanism For Modulating Host-E Faecalis Interaction, Sreedhar R Nallapareddy, Barbara E Murray

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Enterococcus faecalis, the third most frequent cause of bacterial endocarditis, appears to be equipped with diverse surface-associated proteins showing structural-fold similarity to the immunoglobulin-fold family of staphylococcal adhesins. Among the putative E. faecalis surface proteins, the previously characterized adhesin Ace, which shows specific binding to collagen and laminin, was detectable in surface protein preparations only after growth at 46 degrees C, mirroring the finding that adherence was observed in 46 degrees C, but not 37 degrees C, grown E. faecalis cultures. To elucidate the influence of different growth and host parameters on ace expression, we investigated ace expression using E. …

Minimizing Radiation Injury And Neoplastic Effects During Pediatric Fluoroscopy: What Should We Know?, Louis Kenneth Wagner

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Radiation-induced injuries from fluoroscopic procedures in pediatric patients have occurred, and young patients are at greatest risk of many radiation-induced neoplasms. Some fluoroscopists have been injured from their use of fluoroscopy, and they are known to be at risk of radiation-induced neoplasm when radiation is not well-controlled. This article reviews the circumstances that lead to radiation injury and delineates some procedural methods to avoid injury and limit radiation exposure to both the patient and the fluoroscopist.

Influence Of Common Orthodontic Appliances On Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Joseph Matthew Elison

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential diagnostic tool in modern medicine. Conditions such as cerebral vascular accidents, epilepsy and other seizure disorders, autism, cancer, migraine and cluster headaches benefit from its use. It has been discovered that 4-10% of all children and adolescents will experience a seizure at some point (Hauser, 1994) and MRI is one of the most common imaging modalities for seizure and epilepsy diagnosis. Unfortunately, some orthodontic materials cause distortion on MR images. Radiologists would probably require the removal of any distortion-causing orthodontic appliance prior to MR imaging. It is questionable whether radiologists would be comfortable …

Social Environment And Depression Among Pregnant Women In Urban Areas Of Pakistan: Importance Of Social Relations., Ambreen Kazi, Zafar Fatmi, Juanita Hatcher, Muhammad Masood Kadir, Unaiza Niaz, Gail A. Wasserman

Community Health Sciences

Aspects of the social environment, including social conditions (socio-economic status, household situations, chronic illnesses) and social relations (attitude and behaviors of relations) are major determinants of depression among women. This study evaluates the relative power of social relations and social conditions in predicting depression among pregnant women in Pakistan. In the qualitative phase of the study, social environmental determinants were identified through literature search, and experts' opinions from psychologists, psychiatrists, gynecologists, sociologists and researchers. Along with this, 79 in-depth interviews were conducted with pregnant women drawn from six hospitals (public and private) and two communities in Karachi, Pakistan. Identified determinants …

From Healing The Whole Person: An Argument For Therapeutic Touch As A Complement To Traditional Medical Practice, Marlene B. Huff, Kimberly K. Mcclanahan, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The growing popularity and use of therapeutic touch (TT) is an issue that has generated controversy and concern within the medical community. While anecdotal and traditional scientific evidence suggest that TT would be an advantageous addition for clinics and hospitals to include in their armamentarium of complementary interventions within the realm of traditional medicine, TT has not become widely available in the U.S. One reason for the lack of availability may be the dearth of conclusive scientific support for TT's efficacy and, therefore, its inclusion in clinic and hospital treatment planning would give it the appearance of legitimate practice, which …

Pregnant Teenager Involvement In Sexual Activity And The Social Context, Maria José Carvalho Sant'anna, Júlia Kerr Catunda, Kepler Alencar Mendes Carvalho, Verônica Coates, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Pregnancy during adolescence represents a challenge to society as a whole. Its incidence is increasing and brings about social and medical consequences to both the teen mothers and their children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pregnant teenager involvement in sexual activity and the social context. The group studied comprised 152 pregnant teenagers attending the Department of Pediatrics, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo (SCSP) General Hospital. All information was analyzed. The age at first intercourse was 14.2 years and the average period between first intercourse and pregnancy was 1.4 years. Most pregnancies (75%) were neither planned nor wanted, …

Photo Quiz - Pruritic Rash After Ocean Swim, James Studdiford

Department of Family & Community Medicine Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

A Phase Ii Study Of Acute Toxicity For Celebrex(Tm) (Celecoxib) And Chemoradiation In Patients With Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: Primary Endpoint Analysis Of Rtog 0128, David K. Gaffney, Kathryn Winter, Adam P. Dicker, Brigitte Miller, Patricia J. Eifel, Janice Ryu, Vilija Avizonis, Mitch Fromm, Kathryn Greven

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

Purpose: To determine treatment-related acute toxicity rates in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated by oral celecoxib, i.v. cisplatin and 5-FU, and concurrent pelvic radiation therapy.

Methods and Materials: Eligible patients on this RTOG Phase I-II study for advanced cervix cancer included FIGO Stage IIB-IVA or patients with FIGO Stage IB through IIA with biopsy proven pelvic node metastases ortumor size >5 cm. Patients were treated with pelvic radiotherapy and brachytherapy. Celecoxib was prescribed at 400 mg twice daily beginning on day 1 for 1 year. Cisplatin (75 mg/m2) and 5-FU (1g/m2 for 4 days) were administered every 3 …

Conference Brochure: 7th Annual Demential Management Conference

Center for Applied Research on Aging and Health Conferences

No abstract provided.

Vital Signs, Fall 2006, Boonshoft School Of Medicine

Vital Signs

A twenty-eight page newsletter created by the Boonshoft School of Medicine to document the current affairs of the school. This issue includes a variety of feature articles, faculty and student profiles, class notes, and more.

Expanding Access To Care Through A Resident-Initiated Hepatitis C Clinic - An Innovative Method For Incorporating Acgme Core Competencies Into The Management Of Medically Underserved Patients, Joseph L. Yozviak Do, Facp, Suzanne J. Templer Do, Erini Vasiliadis Do, Vishal Patel Md, Nicole M. Agostino Do, K Nadeem Ahmed Md, Edward Norris Md, Fapm, Charles M. Brooks Md, Eric J. Gertner Md, Mph

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Role Of A2b Adenosine Receptor Signaling In Adenosine-Dependent Pulmonary Inflammation And Injury, Chun-Xiao Sun, Hongyan Zhong, Amir Mohsenin, Eva Morschl, Janci L Chunn, Jose G Molina, Luiz Belardinelli, Dewan Zeng, Michael R Blackburn

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Adenosine has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In vitro studies suggest that activation of the A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) results in proinflammatory and profibrotic effects relevant to the progression of lung diseases; however, in vivo data supporting these observations are lacking. Adenosine deaminase-deficient (ADA-deficient) mice develop pulmonary inflammation and injury that are dependent on increased lung adenosine levels. To investigate the role of the A2BAR in vivo, ADA-deficient mice were treated with the selective A2BAR antagonist CVT-6883, and pulmonary inflammation, fibrosis, and airspace integrity were assessed. Untreated and …

Surgical Ligation Of Scrotal Varicocele For Male Factor Infertility Is A Valid Option Of Treatment, Muhammad Moazzam, Khurram M. Siddiqui, Mohammed H. Ather, S Raziuddin Biyabani

Section of Urology

Objective: To evaluate the role of surgical ligation of scrotal varicocele for treatment of male factor infertility.
Methods: We studied 60 patients who presented with infertility and were also found to have scrotal varicocele. Patients with other probable causes contributing to infertility were excluded. Diagnosis was made by clinical examination and scrotal ultrasonography. All the patients underwent either laparoscopic varicocelectomy or open retroperitoneal high ligation of the testicular veins. Operative time and hospital stay was recorded. All patients were evaluated for postoperative improvement of semen parameters and development of any postoperative complication. The results were analyzed by commercially available software. …

Triple Therapy For Helicobacter Pylori Infection In Patients Presenting To A Tertiary Care Center In Pakistan, Shahab Abid, Javed Yakoob, Wasim Jafri, Z Abbas, Khalid Mumtaz

Section of Gastroenterology

No abstract provided.

The Acute Effects Of Nut Ingestion On Plasma Levels Of Polyphenol Compounds, Biomarkers Of Antioxidant Status, And Lipid Peroxidation, Setareh Torabian Esfahani

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Nuts are rich sources of polyphenolic compounds and nutrients, which have antioxidant capacity. To assess the acute effect of treatment diet (75% of energy from nuts (walnut or almond) and control diet (habitual diet with no nut consumption) in healthy subjects on plasma total phenol content, antioxidant capacity and plasma lipid peroxidation. Thirteen subjects participated in the crossover design study. After an overnight fast, walnut, almond and a control diet, in form of smoothies, were consumed by the study subjects. Each subject participated on three occasions one week apart, consuming one of the smoothies each time. Blood samples were obtained …

Peritoneal Perfusion With Oxygenated Perfluorocarbon Augments Systemic Oxygenation., Shamus R Carr, Joshua P Cantor, Atul S Rao, Thiru V Lakshman, Joshua E Collins, Joseph S Friedberg

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Despite maximal ventilatory support, many patients die from hypoxia in the setting of potentially reversible pulmonary failure. There remains a pressing need for additional pulmonary supportive care measures, especially techniques that do not require systemic anticoagulation. The objective of our experiments was to determine whether systemic oxygenation could be increased in a large animal, with induced hypoxia, by perfusing the abdominal cavity with oxygenated perfluorocarbons.

METHODS: Fifteen pigs with a mean (+/- SD) weight of 45 +/- 5 kg were intubated and rendered hypoxic by ventilating them with a blend of nitrogen and oxygen to achieve subatmospheric concentrations of …

Preventive Treatment Of Migraine, Stephen Silberstein

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Migraine is a common episodic pain disorder, the treatment of which can be acute to stop an attack or preventive to reduce the frequency, duration or severity of attacks. Preventive treatment is used when attacks are frequent or disabling. Many different medication groups are used for preventive treatment, including β-blockers, antidepressants and antiepileptic drugs. Their mechanisms of action include raising the threshold to migraine activation, enhancing antinociception, inhibiting cortical spreading depression, inhibiting peripheral and central sensitization, blocking neurogenic inflammation and modulating sympathetic, parasympathetic or 5-HT tone. In this article, I review evidence of the effectiveness of migraine preventive drugs. I …

Cell-Cycle Regulatory Proteins In The Podocyte In Collapsing Glomerulopathy In Children., Tarak Srivastava, Robert E. Garola, H K. Singh

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Podocyte is a terminally committed cell in G1 arrest of cell cycle, and is unable to overcome G1/S transition phase in children with minimal change disease (MCD) and classic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), in contrast to dysregulated proliferative phenotype of idiopathic collapsing glomerulopathy (CGN) in adults. Forty-two kidney biopsies, MCD (14), FSGS (12), CGN (4), and normal (CON) (12), were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using dual staining for expression of p27, p21, and p57, and cyclins D and A, in podocytes of children with CGN. On light microscopy, all podocytes expressed p27, whereas p21 and p57 expression was seen in a …

Distribution Of Virulence Marker Of Helicobacter Pylori Patients With Functional Dyspepsia In Pakistan, Javed Yakoob, Shahab Abid, Wasim Jafri, Z Abbas

Section of Gastroenterology

No abstract provided.

P27kip1 And P130 Cooperate To Regulate Hematopoietic Cell Proliferation In Vivo, Inês Soeiro, Azim Mohamedali, Hanna M. Romanska, Nicholas C. Lea, Emma S. Child, Janet Glassford, Stephen J. Orr, Claudia Roberts, Kikkeri N. Naresh, El-Nasir Lalani, David J. Mann, Roger J. Watson, N. Shaun B. Thomas, Eric W. -F. Lam

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

To investigate the potential functional cooperation between p27^Kip1 and p130 in vivo, we generated mice deficient for both p27^Kip1 and p130. In p27^Kip1−/−;p130^−/− mice, the cellularity of the spleens but not the thymi is significantly increased compared with that of their p27^Kip1−/− counterparts, affecting the lymphoid, erythroid, and myeloid compartments. In vivo cell proliferation is significantly augmented in the B and T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and erythroid progenitors in the spleens of p27^Kip1−/−; p130^−/− animals. Immunoprecipitation and immunodepletion studies indicate that p130 can compensate for the absence …

Role Of A Probiotic (Saccharomyces Boulardii) In Management And Prevention Of Diarrhoea, A G. Billoo, M A. Memon, S A. Khaskheli, G Murtaza, Khalid Iqbal, M Saeed Shekhani, Ahson Q. Siddiqi

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) in acute watery diarrhoea and its role in reducing the frequency of episodes of diarrhoea in subsequent two months.
Methods: Children from 2 mo to 12 years of age, with acute diarrhoea were selected according to inclusion criteria and randomised in S. boulardii group (treated with ORS, nutritional support and S. boulardii, 250 mg bid) and in control group (treated with ORS and nutritional support only). Active treatment phase was 5 d and each child was followed for two months afterwards. Frequency and consistency of stools as well …

Current Concepts In The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Typhoid Fever, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

No abstract provided.

Don't Bring Me Your Tired, Your Poor: The Crowded State Of America's Emergency Departments, Jessamyn Taylor

National Health Policy Forum

If the time comes, people expect that the emergency department (ED) will have the resources necessary to treat them in a timely, high-quality manner. Increasingly, however, EDs may not be able to meet that expectation. Hospitals in urban areas with large populations, high population growth, and higher-than-average numbers of uninsured are particularly crowded: ambulances are often diverted to other hospitals and patients are frequently forced to “board” in the hallways (while they wait to be transferred to another facility or part of the hospital). This issue brief places EDs in the context of the U.S. health care system and its …

The Effect Of Hus1 On Ionizing Radiation Sensitivity Is Associated With Homologous Recombination Repair But Is Independent Of Non-Homologous End-Joining, Robert S. Weiss, Xiang Wang, Baocheng Hu, Ya Wang

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

Mammalian Hus1 plays an important role in maintaining genomic integrity. Cells lacking mouse Hus1 are hypersensitive to DNA damage inducers including UV and camptothecin (CPT). By using clonogenic assay, we show here that Hus1 deficient mouse cells are hypersensitive to ionizing radiation (IR) compared with their Hus1-positive counterparts. However, these cells show similar induction levels and similar rejoining rates of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) following IR, indicating that the effect of Hus1 on cell radiosensitivity is independent of non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). By combining an I-SceI-induced-DNA DSBs system and a siRNA approach, we also show that knocking down Hus1 decreases …

Medical Education Digest, Vol. 8 No. 4 (July/August 2006), Nova Southeastern University

Medical Education Digest

No abstract provided.