Medical Specialties Commons^™

Dietary Practices And Beliefs Of Patients With Chronic Liver Disease, S H. Badruddin, S M. Jafri, A Ahmed, S Abid

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

Objective: To study of the dietary practices and beliefs of patients suffering from chronic liver disease.

Setting: Two private tertcary care hospitals.

Method: Fifty patients presenting to the Gastroenterology Clinics at the Aga Khan University Hospital and Baqai Hospital, with compensated liver disease and no other co-morbid condition which required dietary modifications, were enrolled in the study. Patients were interviewed regarding their current dietary practices using an open-ended questionnaire.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 48 years and the majority were in relatively poor nutritional status. Four had BMI's < 18; 58% had Hb < 12 g/dl and 36% had albumin levels < 3 gm/dl. The percentage of patients avoiding various foods is as follows: meats 72%, fats and oils 64%, salt 42%, spices 34%, milk and milk products 28%, rice 20%.

Conclusion: The most commonly cited reason for avoiding a …

Insulin-Like Growth Factor Ii Signaling In Neoplastic Proliferation Is Blocked By Transgenic Expression Of The Metalloproteinase Inhibitor Timp-1, David C. Martin, John L. Fowlkes, Bojana Babic, Rama Khokha

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) II is overexpressed in many human cancers and is reactivated by, and crucial for viral oncogene (SV40 T antigen, [TAg])-induced tumorigenesis in several tumor models. Using a double transgenic murine hepatic tumor model, we demonstrate that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) blocks liver hyperplasia during tumor development, despite TAg-mediated reactivation of IGF-II. Because the activity of IGFs is controlled by IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), we investigated whether TIMP-1 overexpression altered the IGFBP status in the transgenic liver. Ligand blotting showed that IGFBP-3 protein levels were increased in TIMP-1-overexpressing double transgenic littermates, whereas IGFBP-3 mRNA levels were …

Bone And Renal Stone Disease In Patients Operated For Primary Hyperparathyroidism In Pakistan: Is The Pattern Of Disease Different From The West?, Syed Raziuddin Biyabani, Jamsheer J Talati

Section of Urology

Objective: To document the clinical presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in a developing country and note differences from the West.
Setting: A tertiary care teaching hospital.
Method: The records of 37 patients operated for PHPT between January 1986 and December 1997 were reviewed. Symptoms, laboratory parameters and histopathology results were analyzed.
Results: Surgery for PHPT accounted for 0.055% of 67,566 operative procedures performed in the Department of Surgery during the 12 year period. The mean age of our patients was 38.4±13.2 years (range 17 to 73 years). Ninety percent of patients were less than 60 years old and 51% less …

Telomere, Telomerase And Digestive Cancer, Javed Yakoob, Hu Guo-Ling, Fan Xue-Gong, Zhang Zheng

Section of Gastroenterology

No abstract provided.

Signaling Mechanisms For Muscarinic Receptor-Mediated Coronary Vasoconstriction In Isolated Rat Hearts, Yi Zhang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The signaling mechanisms for muscarinic receptor-mediated vasoconstriction in coronary resistance arteries were studied in KCl-arrested isolated rat hearts perfused at a constant flow rate. The cholinergic agonists acetylcholine and bethanechol were given by bolus injection or constant infusion. The coronary vascular resistance was monitored by measuring the changes in perfusion pressure. The selective muscarinic agonist bethanechol caused a similar vasoconstrictor response as ACh, but with less potency and efficacy. Bolus injection of bethanechol evoked a phasic vasoconstriction in a dose-dependent manner, while infusion of bethanechol evoked a tonic vasoconstriction without producing tachyphylaxis. Coronary vascular responses to bethanechol were further examined …

Facial Nerve Palsy Unusual Complication Of Percutaneous Angiography And Emoblization For Juvenile Angiofibroma, Mubasher Ikram, Kamaluddin Khan, Moazzam Murad, Tanveer Ui Haq

Section of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery

Juvenile angiofibrorna is a locally invasive, vascular and non-encapsulated neoplasm occurring almost exclusively in adolescent males. Although histologically benign, these tumors are highly aggressive and are associated with significant morbidity and occasional mortality. It has marked tendency to recur if not completely removed1 . As the tumor is highly vascular, surgely is frequently accompanied by significant intraoperative hemorrhage, which may contribute to incomplete removal and additional morbidity and mortality2 . Roberson (1972) was first to advocate pre-operative angiography and embolization of major feeding vessels as an adjunct therapeutic method in addition to surgery, to facilitate complete excision of the tumOr …

Global Cns Gene Transfer For A Childhood Neurogenetic Enzyme Deficiency: Canavan Disease., Paola Leone, Christopher G Janson, Scott J Mcphee, Matthew J During

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

The neurogenetic prototypic disease on which we chose to test our gene therapy strategy is Canavan disease (CD). CD is an autosomal recessive leukodystrophy associated with spongiform degeneration of the brain. At present the disease is uniformly fatal in affected probands. CD is characterized by mutations in the aspartoacylase (ASPA) gene, resulting in loss of enzyme activity. In this review, recent evidence is summarized on the etiology and possible treatments for CD. In particular, we discuss two gene delivery systems representing recent advances in both viral and liposome technology: a novel cationic liposome-polymer-DNA (LPD) complex, DCChol/DOPE-protamine, as well as recombinant …

Laser Skin Graft Harvesting Apparatus And Related Method, David S. Kirn

Surgery Faculty Patents

A laser dermatome is disclosed for harvesting and meshing grafts of skin. A roller driven by a motor lifts the leading edge of a portion of skin for cutting by a beam of light generated by a laser. Adhesive tape attached to the roller aids in lifting the portion of skin and is further utilized to secure the severed portion of skin to the roller. A stage mounted atop an axle supports the laser or a beam director. The movement of the stage is controlled by second and third motors which drive the stage along or rotate it about the …

Transfer Of Lacz Marker Gene To The Meniscus, Hideyuki Goto Md, Franklin D. Shuler Md, Phd, Chanin Lamsam Md, Hans D. Moller Md, Christopher Niyibizi Phd, Freddie H. Fu Md, Paul D. Robbins Phd, Christopher H. Evans Phd

Orthopaedics

Background: Lesions in the avascular two-thirds of the meniscus do not heal well and are of concern clinically. Various growth factors promote the synthesis of matrix by meniscal cells and thus have the potential to augment healing. However, their clinical application is severely hindered by problems with delivery. An attractive approach to overcoming such problems is to transfer genes that encode the growth factors in question to the site of the injury. As a prelude to this, we evaluated methods for delivering genes to the meniscus.

Methods: Gene transfer was evaluated in vitro and in vivo with a lacZ marker …

Identification And Characterization Of Determinants Of Head And Neck Tumor Cell Invasion, Yangguan Wu

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common malignant disease with poor prognosis. The majority of patients die from local invasion or lymphatic metastasis. The mechanism(s) underlining the invasiveness of HNSCC are poorly understood. Utilizing a panel of HNSCC cell lines previously established in our laboratory, we tested the application and relevance of the three-step hypothesis of tumor invasion to HNSCC and investigated the mechanism(s) pertaining to the regulation of each step in the invasive process. Data presented in this thesis demonstrated that tumor cell invasion in HNSCC is a complex process involving three repeated sequential steps: adhesion, …

Oncolog, Volume 44, Number 07/08, July/August 1999, Dawn Chalaire, Kimberly Jt Herrick, Robert C. Bast, Jr. Md

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• New MRI Techniques Pinpoint Brain Tumors, Reveal Brain Functions in Real Time
• Upcoming Conferences Explore Many Topics
• Protocols: Liver Cancer Clinical Trials
• DiaLog: CA 125: The Past and the Future, by Robert C. Bast Jr., MD, Head, Division of Medicine
• House Call: Hormone Replacement Therapy: End to Hot Flashes or Fuse for New Cancers?
• Aggressive Regional Therapies Offer Some Promising Results for Patients with Liver Tumors

Letter From Dr. Beaty To Dr. Koch, Barry Beaty

Koch Collection, Papers of Richard S Koch, DO

Letter Thanking Dr Koch for agreeing to give lecture "Fibrolysis and Fibrotherapy" on Oct 25, 1999 at San Francisco AOA Convention.

Letter From Dr. Beaty To Dr. Koch, Barry L. Beaty

Koch Collection, Papers of Richard S Koch, DO

Thanks Dr Koch for agreeing to give lecture "Fibrolysis and Fibrotherapy" on Oct 25, 1999 at San Francisco AOA Convention.

Digest Of The Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine (Summer 1999), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Digest

The Summer 1999 issue of the Digest of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine includes the following articles:

• Opening Remarks
• PCOM Updates
• Update on Clinical Education
• Board Profile
• Alumni Board Profile
• Convention Highlights
• Class Notes
• In Memoriam
• Coming Events

Clinical Trials In Alzheimer Disease: Debate On The Use Of Placebo Controls, Peter J. Whitehouse

Faculty Scholarship

During the past 10 years, there has been a rapidly growing number of pharmaceutical industry-sponsored drug trials for treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. As public awareness and concerns about AD have grown, so has interest in developing drug therapies for retarding symptom progression, delaying onset, and ultimately curing the disease. Ethical debate on the use of placebo control trials in AD research has come of age in the United States with the availability of treatments approved by the Food and Drug Administration. The experts and the public agree that more effective therapies are necessary, and new …

Factors Which Affect Post-Hospital Resource Use And Patient Health Outcomes Among Taiwanese Older Adults, Chouh-Jiaun Lin

Health Services Research Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to explore relationships among population characteristics, patient post-hospital resource use and patient health outcomes in terms of the Andersen health behavioral model. An additional purpose of this study was to examine a discharge planning screening instrument used in a large urban hospital in Taiwan to determine if it predicts resource use and patient outcomes. A longitudinal research design was adopted for this study. Data were collected from the general medicine departments of an 800-bed university teaching hospital. Out of 109 patients who were interviewed, 78 participants qualified (participation rate = 71.6%).

The majority of …

Small Bowel Strangulation As Yet Another Complication Of The Rectus Abdominis Donor Site., Geoffrey G. Hallock Md

Department of Surgery

No abstract provided.

Oncolog, Volume 44, Number 06, June 1999, Jude Richard, Michael Courtney, Alison Ruffin, Dawn Chalaire

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• After Diagnosis, Another Hurdle: Cancer Screening for the Cancer Patient
• House Call: Reduce Cancer Risk With Regular Cancer Screening
• M. D. Anderson Participates in Multinational Breast Cancer Prevention Trial of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene
• Nerve Grafting Attempts to Restore Erectile Function After Prostatectomy
• M. D. Anderson Researchers Study Children's School Lunch Habits and Choices

The Immunology Of Parturition, Ari Mayer Mackler

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Macrophage-derived factors have been implicated in the etiology of preterm labor but little is known about trafficking of this immune cell into the uterus or its regulation of uterine contractility in mice. Enhanced number and activation of macrophages was hypothesized to precede parturition. Studies characterized contractile activity and the distribution of macrophages in the uterus of C3/HeN mice before and after term (=day 19). Contractile activity by uterine strips on days 15 and 18 of pregnancy, the day of delivery, and 1 day postpartum indicate that an endogenous oscillator sustains high frequency contractions. Modest acceleration of the pacemaker occurred before …

The Validation Of An Existing Sleep Apnea Questionnaire And Its Application To Clinical Orthodontics, Jeffery C. Biggs

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to validate a sleep apnea questionnaire from the Loma Linda University Sleep Disorders Center, and then to utilize the questionnaire in order to identify potential sleep apnea patients from a pre-orthodontic patient sample. Study patients were selected from the Loma Linda University Sleep Disorders Center and the Loma Linda University Orthodontics Clinic, both in Loma Linda, California, USA.

Methods: The study sample represented all of the patients initially examined from 1996 through 1998 who were age 8-15 years old at the time of the initial exam. Validation of the questionnaire was based on responses …

Aspergillosis Of The Sphenoid Sinus With The Involvement Of The Clivus, Mubasher Ikram, S.S.M. Hussain, R Ahmad

Section of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery

Introduction: Fungal infections of the nose and paranasal sinuses are frequent in this part of the world. One aspect of the increased frequency is the improved clinical, radiological and pathological diagnostic methods that are now available. Aspergillus is the commonest infecting fungus of the nose and the paranasal sinus1 . It is mainly a saprophytic spore producing fungus and can cause invasive and non-invasive infections. The initial report of fungal paranasal infection largely dealt with immunocompromised individuals as distinct from the allergic fungal infection. Aspergillosis confined to the sphenoid sinus is uncommon with only 34 cases having been reported in …

Morphological Pattern And Frequency Of Thyroid Tumors, S H. Shah, S Muzaffar, I N. Soomro, Sheema H. Hasan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective:
The present study was done to evaluate the frequency of thyroid cancer and to find out the prevalence of histological types of thyroid tumor with respect to age and sex group.
Setting:
This study included consecutive cases of malignant tumors of thyroid gland, which were diagnosed in the Department of Pathology at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi during the period of three years (1995-1997).
Methods:
These cases were evaluated on H & E stained sections from paraffin embedded 10% buffered formalin fixed tissue blocks. Special stains and immunohistochemical analysis were performed whenever required.Results: A total of 8541 malignant …

Interruption Of Multiple Cellular Processes In Ht-29 Epithelial Cells By Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Exoenzyme S, Joan C. Olson, Jennifer E. Fraylick, Eileen M. Mcguffie, Katherine M. Dolan, Timothy L. Yahr, Dara W. Frank, Timothy S. Vincent

Dartmouth Scholarship

Exoenzyme S (ExoS), an ADP-ribosylating enzyme produced by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is directly translocated into eukaryotic cells by bacterial contact. Within the cell, ExoS ADP-ribosylates the cell signaling protein Ras and causes inhibition of DNA synthesis and alterations in cytoskeletal structure. To further understand the interrelationship of the different cellular effects of ExoS, functional analyses were performed on HT-29 epithelial cells after exposure to ExoS-producing P. aeruginosa 388 and the non-ExoS-producing strain 388DeltaS. Two different mechanisms of morphological alteration were identified: (i) a more-transient and less-severe cell rounding caused by the non-ExoS-producing strain 388DeltaS and (ii) a more-severe, …

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (Fnac) In The Management Of Thyroid Pathology - The Aga Khan University Hospital Experience, Mubasher Ikram, Jamil Hyder, Sohail Muzaffar, Sheema H. Hasan

Section of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery

Objective: To report the efficacy of FNAC in patients with thyroid disease.
Methods: Between January 1990 and December 1994 the records of all patients treated surgically for thyroid disease at ENT Head and Neck Surgery of Aga Khan University were reviewed. All the patients had pre­operative FNAC as the first line of evaluation and the histopathologist examined post-operative thyroid specimen.
Results: Forty-five patients (36 female and 9 male) had thyroid surgery. In 26 patients out of 45, FNAC was conclusive in diagnosing the nature of disease, while in 19 patients the FNAC was inconclusive because of the presence of follicular …

Beta- And Gamma-Catenin Mutations, But Not E-Cadherin Inactivation, Underlie T-Cell Factor/Lymphoid Enhancer Factor Transcriptional Deregulation In Gastric And Pancreatic Cancer., K Caca, F T Kolligs, X Ji, M Hayes, J Qian, Alan M. Yahanda Md, Facs, D L Rimm, J Costa, E R Fearon

PCI Publications and Projects

Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutations are present in >70% of colon cancers. The APC protein binds to beta-catenin (beta-cat), a protein first identified because of its role in E-cadherin (E-cad) cell adhesion. In some colon cancers lacking APC defects, mutations in presumptive glycogen synthase kinase 3beta phosphorylation sites near the beta-cat NH2 terminus appear to render beta-cat resistant to regulation by APC and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta. In cells with APC or beta-cat defects, beta-cat is stabilized and, in turn, binds to and activates T-cell factor (Tcf)/lymphoid enhancer factor (Lef) transcription factors. To further explore the role of APC, beta-cat, …

Views About Women's Mental Health: Study In A Squatter Settlement Of Karachi., Fauziah Rabbani

Community Health Sciences

OBJECTIVE:

Mental health of women is globally receiving particular attention. This study assessed community's view on certain aspects of women's mental health prior to introducing an intervention.

SETTING:

The study was conducted in an urban squatter settlement located in District West of Karachi in 1997 where the Aga Khan University has set up a Primary Health Care program in partnership with the communities.

METHODS:

Using convenient sampling, door to door household survey was conducted by medical students.

RESULTS:

Two hundred and eighty one residents were interviewed. Respondents were asked to list contributory factors which lead to mental distress in women. …

University Of New England Board Of Trustees: Capital Campaign Newsletter 1999-5-2, University Of New England

William Kirmes, D.O. Collection

A newsletter updating the recipient on the progress of the University of New England's Capital Campaign.

Physical Violence During Pregnancy: Maternal Complications And Birth Outcomes, Vilma E. Cokkinides, Ann L. Coker, Maureen Sanderson, Cheryl Addy, Lesa Bethea

CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles

Objective: To assess the association between physical violence during the 12 months before delivery and maternal complications and birth outcomes.

Methods: We used population-based data from 6143 women who delivered live-born infants between 1993 and 1995 in South Carolina. Data on women's physical violence during pregnancy were based on self-reports of partner-inflicted physical hurt and being involved in a physical fight. Outcome data included maternal antenatal hospitalizations, labor and delivery complications, low birth weights, and preterm births. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to measure the associations between physical violence, maternal morbidity, and birth outcomes.

Results: The prevalence …

Dysphagia In Hereditary Sensory Autonomic Neuropathy Type Iv, U Shah, M Arshad, T Mozaffar

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

No abstract provided.

The Accuracy Of Nitrous Oxide Passive Dosimeters As Compared With An Infra-Red Spectrographic Reference Method, Susan Allen

Community & Environmental Health Theses & Dissertations

Nitrous oxide is a gas often used in dental, surgical and veterinary operations as an anesthetic agent. Employees stationed in proximity of fugitive gas emissions may potentially suffer adverse health effects from chronic exposure to this agent. Passive dosimeters can be worn in the breathing zone of potentially affected personnel during exposure periods, then later analyzed to quantify nitrous oxide exposure. This study sought to establish the accuracy of several commercially available passive monitoring devices for nitrous oxide by comparison against an infra-red spectrophotometric reference method.