Medical Specialties Commons^™

Yersinia Infection In Acute Appendicitis In Children In Shebin Elkom Teaching Hospital, Salama M. El- Shennawy, Khaled S.A. Elkelany, Mariam A. Fouad, Shimaa M.M Bebars, Faisel Goda, Abdelghany Abdelsattar Aish

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background: Yersinia enterocolotica is being recognized as an important bacterial cause of acute gastrointestinal infection. The association of yersinia entrocolotica infections with acute appendicitis has been suggested (Tae Joon Son et. al, 2009). The aim to ascertain whether yersinia entrocolotica is a possible infectious agent in appendicitis in Shebin Elkom. We try to support or to deny this suggestion. Methods: A prospective randomized study was done to 48 patients admitted to surgical department from outpatient clinic of Shebin Elkom Teaching Hospital over 14 months from January 2020 to March 2021The purpose and nature of the study were explained to all …

Should Near Systemic Pulmonary Hypertension Be A Contraindication For Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis Valve Surgery In Egyptian Population?, Ahmed Mostafa Omran, Hany Fayed

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background: pulmonary hypertension is a well known risk factor leading to mortality and morbidity in Mitral stenosis patients, in spite of long term outcome are being comparable regarding severe and mild or moderate pulmonary hypertension but definitely short term results are worse.

Objective: new management protocol to decrease the immediate postoperative differences between patients having Mitral stenosis with near systemic pulmonary hypertension compared to patients with mild or moderate pulmonary hypertension.

Patients and Methods: Prospective cohort single centre study was held in National heart institute, between 2016 and 2022, on patients undergoing Mitral valve surgery for Mitral stenosis with near …

Expression Levels Of Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Protein In Preinvasive And Invasive Cervical Lesions And Its Clinicopathological Association: A North Indian Study, Rekha Sachan, Pushp L. Sachan, Ayushi Shukla, Malti Maurya, Munna L. Patel

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) play an important role in development of female genital cancers and metastasis. The aim of this study was to analyze expression levels of MMP2 in various grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of cervix and its association with clinicopathological variables. Patients and methods This prospective study was carried out in a tertiary care center in Northern India over a period of 1 year. A total of 664 participants with gynecological complaints and unhealthy cervix were recruited for colposcopy. Of these, 70 biopsy samples were obtained from higher grade colposcopy lesions, where …

Standard Median Sternotomy Versus Minimally Invasive Approach For Atrial Septal Defect Closure In Adults, Ahmed S. Ali, Ahmed G. Abd El Fattah Fahmy, Hatem K. Madkour, Reham M. Salah Eldin Ahmed

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background

Atrial septal defects (ASDs) in adults and adolescents are not uncommon. Surgical ASD closure through a standard median sternotomy (SMS) has become less attractive approach in favor of minimally invasive techniques, especially in young female patients.

Objective

The aim was to compare early postoperative outcomes of surgically closed secundum ASDs through a SMS approach versus minimally invasive right anterolateral thoracotomy (MIRAT) approach in adults.

Patients and methods

The authors prospectively studied 60 adult patients who had their secundum ASD anomalies surgically closed at National Heart Institute between the period of September 2020 and February 2022. A total of 30 …

Molecular Detection Of Entamoeba Histolytica In Diarrheic Fecal Samples From Patients Attending National Hepatology And Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Azza Hasan Abbas, El Shahat Ahmed Elshahat, Heba Mohamed Abdelglil

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background: Amoebiasis is a worldwide disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica infection. The true prevalence is unknown due to the difficulty in distinguishing Entamoeba histolytica from non-pathogenic amoebas especially when microscopic diagnosis is performed, to overcome microscopy misidentification. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay is necessary as a highly sensitive and specific technique. Objective: To determine the value of Real-Time PCR (RT.PCR) in the diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica in the stool samples of diarrheic patients attending NHTMI versus microscopy, copro- antigen, and serum antibodies detection techniques. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 diarrheic patients. Their stool samples were …

The Immune Response To Long Term Administration Of Dipravan Compare To Dormicum In Surgical Care Unit, Ashraf Abd El Hameed Soliman, Wael Abd Elateif El Hakeem, Raghad S. Abdellatif

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Introduction : - Immune response may be affected by anesthesia and sedation. In anesthesia, the immue response is temporary as anesthesia is used for short time. However, the immune response more obvious in critical illness patients because of long time of sedation. Diprivan and dormicum are two commonly used medications for sedation and analgesia in critical care unit patients. Dipravan is a good medication for sedation in the surgical care unit. Dormicum in the surgical care unit, usually producing prolonged time of sedation when used for long time in surgical care unit. Patients and methods: - This article was done …

The Relation Between Heart Rate Response During Exercise And Angiographic Severity In Patients With Chronic Coronary Syndrome, Emmanuel Louka

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Introduction Ellestad and colleagues, in 1975, reached to the conclusion that impaired heart rate response to exercise carries a similar risk for future coronary events such as ischemic ‘ST’ segment changes. Mc Neer and colleagues went beyond these observations to include a survival benefit in patients who achieve a higher peak heart rate (PHR), a more advanced level of exercise, and have a normal exercise electrocardiogram. Aim The aim of this work is to clarify the relation between the chronotropic response to exercise and the severity of coronary artery disease in patients with chronic coronary syndrome. Patients and methods The …

Dental And Oral Manifestations Of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Is It Related To General Disease Activity?, Omnia A. Abubakr, Ali M Youssef, Mohamed A Mohamed, Mohamed A Hamdy

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background: RA is a chronic immune-mediated systemic disorder; its pathogenesis is complex. Genetic, environmental, hormonal, and lifestyle are the main risk factors. The correlation between oral health and RA is rising. Oral manifestations in RA include temporomandibular joint disorder, secondary Sjögren’s syndrome, xerostomia, and periodontal disease. Previous studies suggest a bidirectional relationship between RA and periodontal diseases. This study aims to detect oral mucosal and dental disease in RA patients and its relation to demographic features, disease activity, and extra-articular manifestation. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 150 patients with RA allocated into two groups, 75 patients in each …

Comparative Study Between Intravenous Anesthesia (Propofol) And Inhalational Anesthesia (Sevoflurane) On The Cytokine’S Response To Abdominal Operation, Ashraf A.H. Mahmoud Soliman, Maisa M. Abdel Khalik, Wael A.E. El Hakeem, Raghad S. Abdellatif

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Introduction These days, the need for more information and familiarity with the inflammatory response to different anesthetic drugs increase. Not only some patients suffering from immune reactions against some anesthetic drugs, but all surgical patients are liable to decrease in immunity postoperatively. This may increase the postoperative morbidity and mortality, affects healing, and spread of tumors postoperatively. This decrease in immunity is due to surgery trauma causing imbalance in cytokine response. Patients and methods This article was written on 40 patients, and patients were randomly classified into four equal classes. Class A: inhalational anesthesia on major operation. Class B: intravenous …

Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Gene Polymorphism And Its Association With Diabetic Nephropathy In Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: An Egyptian Study, Yasmine M. Amrousy, Tamer M. Soliman, Haythem A. Tolba, Aisha Elshimy

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious complications associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). With variable allele and genotype frequencies, the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion–deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism has been suggested as a risk factor for DN. Objective The purpose of the study was to find whether ACE I/D polymorphism is associated with DN in Egyptian T2DM patients and its relation to ACE concentration and C-reactive protein quantitative level. Participants and methods A case–control study of 98 T2DM patients was divided into two groups: group 1, T2DM patients without DN, and group 2, T2DM patients with …

Effectiveness Of Management Program Of Chronic Functional Constipation In Children Who Are Attending The Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic At Elbeheira Specialized Children's Hospital, Hamouda E. El-Gazzar, Sabreen Ahmed Ali Elsaka, Eman Adel Elsaid Elhaddad

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background: A chronic constipation is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal complaints in pediatric outpatient clinics. The prevalence of childhood constipation in the general population ranges widely from 0.7% to 29.6% internationally. Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic at Elbeheira specialized children's Hospital is a referral center from the whole governorate. Objectives: To evaluate the current approach to management, risk factors associated, and clinical characteristics, the challenge of functional constipation in the pediatrics who are attending the Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic at Elbeheira Specialized Children's Hospital. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic at Elbeheira Children's Specialized Hospital for 6 …

Endovascular Management Of Vein Of Galen Aneurysmal Malformations: Case Series And Review Of The Literature, Mohammed A. El-Din Habiba, Sameh M. Saleh

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Neonates with vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAMs) who present with heart failure have a high rate of morbidity and mortality, while those who present later in childhood have considerably better outcomes. Aim To determine the factors that have the greatest predictive value in predicting long-term results in children with VGAM. Patients and methods Between June 2015 and June 2020, 15 patients (seven infants, eight children) were diagnosed with symptomatic VGAMs, four of whom were suffering from intractable high-output heart failure and received initial endovascular treatment. All of them were treated by endovascular procedures. Staged transarterial route was the …

Different Modalities Of Tongue Tie Management, Wesam Ibrahem Homouda, Esayed Hussien Elmokadem, Mohamed Amr Hamdy Salem

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background: Tongue-tie or ‘ankyloglossia’ is a congenital anomaly characterized by presence of an abnormally tight lingual frenulum - a string like membrane – that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth. It affects the movement of the tongue. For symptomatizing ankyloglossia surgical treatment with different surgical techniques such as (Frenotomy, frenectomy/frenulectomy, and frenuloplasty) is the treatment of choice that gives satisfactory results. Objectives: We built our study to compare between different surgical techniques used for management of ankyloglossia. Patient and method: in our study 60 patients were included 33 were female and 27 were male with age ranging …

A Case Of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Presenting In The Adult As Gastric Volvulus, Sajal Gupta, Ismail Khan, Indu B. Dubey, Mayank Verma

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

We report a case of an adult patient who was referred to the surgical emergency for the evaluation of acute abdominal pain and vomiting. Radiograph chest showed a left-sided cavity, which was misleading to lung pathology. A suspicion of gastric volvulus was kept in mind on seeing the stomach in the radiograph. Computed tomography confirmed the diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia. The insertion of the Ryle’s tube corrected the gastric volvulus. An immediate laparotomy was done for the closure of the diaphragmatic gap and reduction of the herniated contents. The patient responded well and was discharged in a week.

Complete Dorsal Pancreatic Agenesis: A Case Report, Ritish Gupta, Ashima Mittal, Bhavna Arora, Riya Aggarwal

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Complete agenesis of the dorsal pancreas (ADP), an extremely rare congenital anomaly, is caused as ‘the dorsal pancreatic bud fails in developing the body and tail of the pancreas at the time of embryological development.’ There are nearly 100 cases of dorsal pancreatic agenesis till date. Most of the individuals with ADP are without symptoms; however, few may present with clinical manifestations like pancreatitis, epigastric pain, hyperglycemia, and diabetes mellitus. This is a case report of a 19-year-old female with ADP, who was diagnosed incidentally while undergoing radiological assessment for abdominal pain in left hypochondrium. As complete ADP is very …

Prevalence Of Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Abnormalities In Type 2 Diabetic Patients And Its Relation To Glycemic Control And Associated Factors, Eslam Elsayed Ali Shohda, Amal Emam El-Maghraby, Hadeer Khaled Youssef Elhamid

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Aim of the study: to investigate the prevalence of upper limb musculoskeletal abnormalities and their correlations to glycemic control and associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at diabetes unit and internal medicine outpatient clinic at Al-ahrar teaching hospital, Zagazig, Egypt. 200 type 2 diabetic patient (T2DM) and 200 non-diabetic control patients of ages > 18 years were enrolled. Rheumatological diseases were excluded. Studied upper limb musculoskeletal abnormalities were Limited joint mobility (LJM), Dupuytren’s contracture (DC), Trigger finger (TF), De Quervain’s tenosynovitis (DQT), Lateral epicondylitis (LE), Medial epicondylitis (ME), Rotator’s cuff tendinitis (RCT) and Carpel tunnel syndrome susceptibility diagnosed by …

Assessment Of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness And Its Relation To Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Obese Children, Faten A.A. Fathi, Somaya M. Abd El Ghany, Ahmed A.H. Taha, Gihan F.A. Hassan, Eman Fouad

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Childhood obesity is one of the most critical public health problems today. This study aims to assess the relation between carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and cardiovascular risk factors in obese children. Patients and methods This is a case–control study conducted on 80 Egyptian children aged 6–18 years; 40 children with simple obesity as defined by WHO (2011) and 40 healthy children age matched and sex matched were taken as a control group. Cases were selected from the National Nutritional Institute randomly from December 2017 to March 2018. All patients and control groups were subjected to the following: full history …

Outcome Of A Case Of Living Donor Kidney Transplant With High Levels Of Pre-Transplant Donor Specific Antibodies, Ahmed Hassan Elthakaby, Aza Elmenyawi

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

For patients with ESRD, kidney transplant offers significant survival and quality-of-life advantages compared with dialysis. Non-sensitized renal transplant recipients when compared to patients with preformed alloantibodies, the latter are at greater risk of cellular, humeral rejection and premature graft failure. In this paper we will present a successful case of young adult who has ESRD and maintained on regular hemodialysis and undergo live related renal transplant with high dose HLA class I and class II antibodies and negative cross match by CDC and flow cytometry.

Oral Mucosal And Dental Affection In Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Clinical Survey, Omnia A Abubakr, Ali M Youssef, Mohamed A Mohamed, Mohamed A Hamdy

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background: SLE is a chronic autoimmune disease predominantly affecting young females. Systemic involvement along with variable clinical presentations characterizes SLE. Various oral and dental manifestations have been described in SLE that include oral ulcerations, candida infection, and periodontal disease. We aimed to detect oral mucosal and dental disease in SLE patients and its relation to demographic features, general disease activity, and the extra-articular manifestation. Patients and Methods: 80 patients with SLE were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients were allocated into 2 groups, 40 patients in each group, according to SLE disease control with immunosuppressive medications: group A included patients …

Repair Vs. Conservative Treatment For Ischemic Patients With A Moderate Degree Of Mitral Incompetence, Ahmed Shafeek Ali, Mohamed Belal Mohamed Abd Elbaki, Haitham Alshahat Ramadan, Reham Mohammed Salah Eldin Ahmed

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background: Ischemic heart diseases are often associated with a moderate degree of mitral incompetence. The optimal treatment of this condition is still controversial. benefits of repairing moderate mitral incompetence in ischemic patients are uncertain. Objectives: compare outcomes of treating ischemic patients with moderate mitral incompetence either by isolated CABG versus CABG with mitral repair. Patients and methods: We prospectively studied 60 consecutive ischemic patients with a moderate degree of mitral incompetence who were surgically treated at the National Heart Institute between the period of April 2021 to March 2022. 30 patients had isolated CABG surgery while the other 30 patients …

Studying The Therapeutic Effect Of Umbilical Cord Stem Cell In Pneumonia Caused By Covid-19, Salama M. El- Shennawy, Abdalla Abo Hassen, Talal Ibrahim Hagag, Asherf I Zahra, Reham Salama, Mariam A. Fouad

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Context: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with severe respiratory morbidity and mortality , rapidly spread all over the world, caused by an sever acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) varying from mild symptoms to pulmonary fibrosis( Li Z et al.,2020). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can have a critical role, by promoting the pulmonary parenchyma regeneration and subsequently decreasing the symptoms of COVID-19 and help immune system to act against the virus (WHO, 2020).Aim: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using stem cell in the treatment of COVID-19patients.Setting and design: We performed this case control study during the period from November 2020 …

Assessing Serum Ferritin Together With Some Inflammatory Biomarkers In Overweight And Obese Hospital Care Workers At Elgalaa Teaching Hospital And Its Correlation With Metabolic Syndrome, Sahar Mohamed Said Elbayoumi, Hanan Farouk, Heba Abdelaziz

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Obesity is known to be associated with elevated levels of inflammatory markers. One of the major problems associated with morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was to assess the posing effect of obesity on the levels of serum ferritin, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL, triglycerides, HBA1C, CRP, and Uric acid with CBC, on random well-being colleague females. Patient and methods: 100 adult female health workers were categorized into three entities according to both BMI and waist circumference, as normal, overweight, and obese. Results: increased serum ferritin as an inflammatory marker might correlate to BMI, in juniors; and might …

Efficacy Of Native T1 Mapping In Differentiation Between Viable And Non-Viable Myocardium In Chronic Ischemia, Diab Mahmoud S, Gad Azza A.H, Abdel Lattif Reda A, Mahrous Mary R

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Myocardial ischemia may lead to reversible or irreversible myocardial insult. A precise assessment of myocardial viability (MV) is of clinical relevance to determine the recovery potential of the affected segments. Contrast enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (CE-CMR) with late gadolinium (Gd) sequences is the gold standard method for MV assessment. Our study tasted the accuracy of segmental native T1 mapping (NT1M) imaging as a non-contrast technique for assessing MV. Methods: Forty-three patients with chronic myocardial ischemia underwent 1.5 T CMR. Imaging protocol includes cine images to assess left ventricular (LV) function, and (LGE) images to detect and estimate the extension …

Glyceryl Trinitrate Cream Versus Lateral Sphincterotomy In Management Of Chronic Anal Fissure: A Prospective Randomized Comparative Study, Naser T. Elshamy

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Objective The aim is to compare complications and long-term outcome of two treatment modalities of chronic anal fissure: chemical sphincterotomy by glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) cream and lateral internal sphincterotomy. Background Treatment of chronic anal fissure is achieved by the reduction in the tone of the internal anal sphincter either chemically or surgically. Patients and methods In the period from November 2013 to October 2015, all patients who were admitted to the Department of General Surgery in Shebin Elkom Teaching Hospital complaining of chronic anal fissure were included in the study. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, patients were selected and …

An Observational Study Of The Association Of Preoperative Mri Findings And Intraoperative Findings In Patients With Fistula In Ano, Tushar Sharmaa, Nabal K. Mishra, Shyam Lal, Tanweer Karim, Rahul Rohitaj, Gaurav Patel

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Objective To assess the precision of preoperative MRI pelvis for identification of anal fistulas with regard to intraoperative findings. Patients and methods A prospective observational cohort study was done in the Department of General Surgery, over a period of 18 months (October 2019–April 2021) during which all diagnosed cases of fistula in ano admitted for elective surgery were included and operated by an experienced surgeon. MRI and clinical evaluation were done preoperatively and correlated with intraoperative findings. Patients were followed up for 12 weeks during which recurrence and complications were noted. Results The mean age of the patients was 36.98 …

Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials In Patients With Single Sided Deafness, Alshymaa Ibrahim Hammad, Sanaa Mahran

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Introduction: Clinically unilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss known as single-sided deafness (SSD). It is defined by severe-to-profound hearing thresholds with a poor word recognition ability. SSD is not uncommonly encountered in otology, their symptoms is hearing loss and often associated with the vestibular system. In SSD otolithic dysfunction may be frequently misdiagnosed and majority of patients affected by cochlear and superior vestibular nerve then inferior vestibular nerve. Otolith damage may be present in patients with SSD because they sharing a membranous structure in addition they have similar receptor cell. The vestibule and cochlea may be impacted by the …

Assessment Of The Right Ventricular Function Before And After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery By Conventional And Tissue Doppler Echocardiography, Emmanuel L. Aziz, Mohamed Abbas, Ashraf Abd-Elaziz, Wayel S. Bebawy

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Aim of the work To study the extent of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in ischemic patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Patients and methods RV function was studied preoperatively and followed for 1 month postoperatively in 40 patients who were scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass surgery and in other 40 controls. We evaluated RV function by tissue Doppler study of the tricuspid annulus and the basal septum, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, and RV dimensions. Both LV dimensions, left atrium dimensions, and aortic root dimensions were also measured before and after surgery. Results RV function was significantly reduced …

Mortality Rate Among Preterm Infants With Respiratory Distress Syndrome On Non-Invasive Respiratory Support (Nirs): A ٌRetrospective Multicenter Study, Abeer E.S. Hamed, Alaa A. Rashad, Manar A. El Desouky, Mahmoud H. Dawabah, Mohamed M. A. Shaheen, Heba Allah M. Sherief, Mohamed A. Ibrahim, Sohaila A Abd El-Halim

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background: Neonatal acute respiratory distress is a common cause for mortality and morbidity in preterm neonates. Non-invasive ventilation is crucial for preterm neonates, nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation and nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Recently, heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula modes have been revealed as more efficient non-invasive ventilation mode in improving functional residual capacity however, other studies have questioned its efficacy and safety in comparison to other non-invasive ventilation. Many studies have investigated the common predictive factors that are associated with intubation and failure of spontaneous breathing. Consequently, this study aimed at investigating the common factors associated with prolonged …

Role Of High-Resolution Ultrasonography And Electromyography In The Evaluation Of Patients With Flat Foot, Mai M. Kamel, Ahmed Abdelrahman Elatreby, Amr M. Gamil, Gamal Salah Eldin Elmorsy

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Objective: The present work aimed to assess the abductor hallucis (AH) muscle changes using sonographic and electrophysiologic studies in flatfoot patients. Patients and methods: This study included 60 patients with flatfoot deformity (group I) and 20 age and sex-matched healthy individuals as a control group (group II). The patients were subjected to full history taking, clinical assessment, foot x-ray examination, high-resolution ultrasound, and surface electromyography (EMG) of AH muscle. Using a plain x-ray, Meary's angle was measured, and severity grading was categorized for the patient group. Results: The AH ultrasonography revealed a significant difference between patient and control groups regarding …

Crossed Testicular Ectopia (Cte), A Rare Anomaly: Case Report And Review Of The Literature, Mohammed Rabea Balaswad, Wael Ghorab, Shrief Mebed

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

BACKGROUND: A relatively uncommon urogenital anomaly known as crossed testicular ectopia (CTE) can be defined by the emigration of one testis into the opposing inguinal canal, which could possibly be ectopic in the abdominal cavity, inguinal region, or even descend to the opposing hemi-scrotum. Following a review of the literature, the most common classification is to subdivide CTE into three categories based on associations: I, which tends to be associated with inguinal hernia alone; II, which is predominantly associated with persistent mullerian remnants; and III, which is most frequently associated with other anomalies without mullerian remnants. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe …