Medical Specialties Commons^™

Induction Of Innate Inflammatory Pathways In The Corneal Epithelium In The Desiccating Stress Dry Eye Model, Zhiyuan Yu, Ghasem Yazdanpanah, Jehan Alam, Cintia S De Paiva, Stephen Pflugfelder

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE: To determine whether 24-hour exposure to the desiccating stress (DS) dry eye model induces NF-kB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways in the mouse cornea epithelium.

METHODS: Six- to 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were housed under normal humidity (nonstressed) or subjected to DS from a drafty, low-humidity environment combined with subcutaneous scopolamine four times/day for one day to suppress tear production (DS1). Cornea whole mounts were prepared for immunofluorescent staining, or the corneal epithelium was scraped for NF-kB p-p65 ELISA, Western blot, or real-time PCR to detect NF-kB and inflammasome pathway proteins and gene transcripts, respectively.

RESULTS: NF-kB phospho-p65 protein, nuclear NF-kB …

Fit24, A Digital Health Intervention To Reduce Type 2 Diabetes Risk Among Hispanic Youth: Protocol For A Feasibility Pilot Study, Erica G Soltero, Callie Lopez, Salma M Musaad, Teresia M O'Connor, Debbe Thompson

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Poor physical activity (PA) and sleep behaviors in Hispanic adolescents contributes to increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Commonly owned digital devices and services like smartphones and text-messaging are highly used among adolescents and are promising intervention tools for reaching this age group. Personal activity trackers assess activity and sleep, making them ideal tools for addressing these behaviors. We propose to examine the feasibility of a 12-week intervention that uses theoretically grounded text messages and a Fitbit device to improve PA and sleep among Hispanic adolescents with obesity, as compared to a wait-list control group with a Fitbit device …

The Indirect Influence Of ‘Invisible’ Support On Pulmonary Function Among Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Aliza A Panjwani, Joel Erblich, Tracey A Revenson, Hoda J Badr, Alex D Federman, Juan P Wisnivesky

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Individuals living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often require support from family or friends. We examined whether invisible support - support that is provided but goes unnoticed - is related to pulmonary function, and whether this association is mediated by depressive symptoms and illness perceptions. Sixty-six dyads of individuals with COPD and their informal caregivers reported on receipt and provision of support, respectively. Those with COPD completed measures of depressive symptoms, illness perceptions and pulmonary function. Although invisible support was not directly related to pulmonary function, mediation analyses revealed a combined indirect effect through lower depressive symptoms and less …

Construction Of Semi-Supervised Spatial Projections To Identify The Source Of Beta- And High Frequency Oscillations In Parkinson’S Disease, Luciano R F Branco, Ashwin Viswanathan, Arjun Tarakad, Nuri F Ince

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Traditional deep brain stimulation (DBS) treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) targets the placement of DBS leads into subthalamic nucleus (STN). Extraction of neurobiomarkers from STN local field potential activity can be used for the optimization of DBS. Beta (12-30 Hz) and high frequency oscillations (200-450 Hz, HFO) of STN and their phase-amplitude coupling have been previously correlated with symptom severity in PD. The typical approach is to take bipolar derivations of electrode contacts in order to enhance recordings of local brain activity and suppress noise levels. This approach can often cancel the signals in correlated neighboring contacts and create ambiguity …

Molecular Function And Contribution Of Tbx4 In Development And Disease, Justyna A Karolak, Carrie L Welch, Christian Mosimann, Katarzyna Bzdęga, James D West, David Montani, Mélanie Eyries, Mary P Mullen, Steven H Abman, Matina Prapa, Stefan Gräf, Nicholas W Morrell, Anna R Hemnes, Frédéric Perros, Rizwan Hamid, Malcolm P O Logan, Jeffrey Whitsett, Csaba Galambos, Paweł Stankiewicz, Wendy K Chung, Eric D Austin

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Over the past decade, recognition of the profound impact of the TBX4 (T-box 4) gene, which encodes a member of the evolutionarily conserved family of T-box–containing transcription factors, on respiratory diseases has emerged. The developmental importance of TBX4 is emphasized by the association of TBX4 variants with congenital disorders involving respiratory and skeletal structures; however, the exact role of TBX4 in human development remains incompletely understood. Here, we discuss the developmental, tissue-specific, and pathological TBX4 functions identified through human and animal studies and review the published TBX4 variants resulting in variable disease phenotypes. We also outline future research …

Impact Of Artificial Intelligence On Colonoscopy Surveillance After Polyp Removal: A Pooled Analysis Of Randomized Trials, Yuichi Mori, Pu Wang, Magnus Løberg, Masashi Misawa, Alessandro Repici, Marco Spadaccini, Loredana Correale, Giulio Antonelli, Honggang Yu, Dexin Gong, Misaki Ishiyama, Shin-Ei Kudo, Shunsuke Kamba, Kazuki Sumiyama, Yutaka Saito, Haruo Nishino, Peixi Liu, Jeremy R Glissen Brown, Nabil M Mansour, Seth A Gross, Mette Kalager, Michael Bretthauer, Douglas K Rex, Prateek Sharma, Tyler M Berzin, Cesare Hassan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background and aims: Artificial intelligence (AI) tools aimed at improving polyp detection have been shown to increase the adenoma detection rate during colonoscopy. However, it is unknown how increased polyp detection rates by AI affect the burden of patient surveillance after polyp removal.

Methods: We conducted a pooled analysis of 9 randomized controlled trials (5 in China, 2 in Italy, 1 in Japan, and 1 in the United States) comparing colonoscopy with or without AI detection aids. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients recommended to undergo intensive surveillance (ie, 3-year interval). We analyzed intervals for AI and non-AI …

Corrigendum To Diagnosis And Management Of Severe Congenital Protein C Deficiency (Scpcd): Communication From The Ssc Of The Isth [J Thromb Haemost 2022 Jul; 20(7):1735–1743], Adrian Minford, Leonardo R Brandão, Maha Othman, Christoph Male, Rezan Abdul-Kadir, Paul Monagle, Andrew D Mumford, Dorothy Adcock, Björn Dahlbäck, Predrag Miljic, Maria T Desancho, Jun Teruya

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Rational Design Of A Self-Assembling High Performance Organic Nanofluorophore For Intraoperative Nir-Ii Image-Guided Tumor Resection Of Oral Cancer, Xianwei Sun, Praveen Kumar Chintakunta, Andrew A Badachhape, Rohan Bhavane, Huan-Jui Lee, David S Yang, Zbigniew Starosolski, Ketan B Ghaghada, Peter G Vekilov, Ananth V Annapragada, Eric A Tanifum

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The first line of treatment for most solid tumors is surgical resection of the primary tumor with adequate negative margins. Incomplete tumor resections with positive margins account for over 75% of local recurrences and the development of distant metastases. In cases of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the rate of successful tumor removal with adequate margins is just 50–75%. Advanced real‐time imaging methods that improve the detection of tumor margins can help improve success rates,overall safety, and reduce the cost. Fluorescence imaging in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window has the potential to revolutionize the field due to its high …

Incidence Rates Of Medically Attended Covid-19 In Infants Less Than 6 Months Of Age, Isabel Griffin, Stephanie A Irving, Carmen Sofia Arriola, Angela P Campbell, De-Kun Li, Fatimah S Dawood, Caroline Doughty-Skierski, Jeannette R Ferber, Nickolas Ferguson, Louise Hadden, Jillian T Henderson, Mary Juergens, Venkatesh Kancharla, Allison L Naleway, Gabriella Newes-Adeyi, Erin Nicholson, Roxana Odouli, Lawrence Reichle, Mo Sanyang, Kate Woodworth, Flor M Munoz

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Studies suggest infants may be at increased risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) relative to older children, but few data exist regarding the incidence of COVID-19 episodes and associated risk factors. We estimate incidence rates and describe characteristics associated with medically attended COVID-19 episodes among infants younger than 6 months of age.

METHODS: We analyzed electronic medical record data from a cohort of infants born March 1, 2020-February 28, 2021. Data from 3 health care delivery systems included demographic characteristics, maternal and infant outpatient visit and hospitalization diagnoses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test …

Colonization Of Patients Hospitalized At Orthopedic Department Of Tertiary Hospital In Uganda With Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales, Jules Bizimana, Jerome Ndayisenga, Henry Kajumbura, Phillip Mulepo, Najjuka Florence Christine

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Beta-lactamase production remains the most contributing factor to beta-lactam resistance. Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) are associated with risk factors both in hospital and community settings.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the incidence and risk factors for intestinal carriage of ESBL-PE among patients admitted to orthopedic ward of Mulago National Referral Hospital, and to analyze the acquisition of ESBL-PE during hospital stay and associated factors.

METHODS: We screened 172 patients aged 18 years old and above who got admitted to the orthopedic ward of Mulago National Referral Hospital between May to July 2017. Stool samples or rectal swabs were collected at admission, …

Contribution Of Adaptive Immunity To Human Copd And Experimental Models Of Emphysema, Farrah Kheradmand, Yun Zhang, David B Corry

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the undisputed role of innate immune cells in this condition have dominated the field in the basic research arena for many years. Recently, however, compelling data suggesting that adaptive immune cells may also contribute to the progressive nature of lung destruction associated with COPD in smokers have gained considerable attention. The histopathological changes in the lungs of smokers can be limited to the large or small airways, but alveolar loss leading to emphysema, which occurs in some individuals, remains its most significant and irreversible outcome. Critically, however, the question of why …

Language Discordance In Emergency Department Delirium Screening: Results From A Qualitative Interview-Based Study, Anita N Chary, Beatrice Torres, Elise Brickhouse, Ilianna Santangelo, Kyler M Godwin, Aanand D Naik, Christopher R Carpenter, Shan W Liu, Maura Kennedy

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Familial Hypercholesterolemia In The Electronic Medical Records And Genomics Network: Prevalence, Penetrance, Cardiovascular Risk, And Outcomes After Return Of Results, Ozan Dikilitas, Alborz Sherafati, Seyedmohammad Saadatagah, Benjamin A Satterfield, David C Kochan, Katherine C Anderson, Wendy K Chung, Scott J Hebbring, Zachary M Salvati, Richard R Sharp, Amy C Sturm, Richard A Gibbs, Robb Rowley, Eric Venner, Jodell E Linder, Laney K Jones, Emma F Perez, Josh F Peterson, Gail P Jarvik, Heidi L Rehm, Hana Zouk, Dan M Roden, Marc S Williams, Teri A Manolio, Iftikhar J Kullo

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The implications of secondary findings detected in large-scale sequencing projects remain uncertain. We assessed prevalence and penetrance of pathogenic familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) variants, their association with coronary heart disease (CHD), and 1-year outcomes following return of results in phase III of the electronic medical records and genomics network.

METHODS: Adult participants (n=18 544) at 7 sites were enrolled in a prospective cohort study to assess the clinical impact of returning results from targeted sequencing of 68 actionable genes, including

RESULTS: The prevalence of FH-associated pathogenic variants was 1 in 188 (69 of 13,019 unselected participants). Penetrance was 87.5%. The …

Therapeutic Plasma Exchange Is Associated With Improved Major Adverse Kidney Events In Children And Young Adults With Thrombocytopenia At The Time Of Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy Initiation, Dana Y Fuhrman, Sameer Thadani, Claire Hanson, Joseph A Carcillo, John A Kellum, Hyun Jung Park, Liling Lu, Nahmah Kim-Campbell, Christopher M Horvat, Ayse Akcan Arikan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been shown to improve organ dysfunction and survival in patients with thrombotic microangiopathy and thrombocytopenia associated with multiple organ failure. There are no known therapies for the prevention of major adverse kidney events after continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT). The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of TPE on the rate of adverse kidney events in children and young adults with thrombocytopenia at the time of CKRT initiation.

DESIGN: Retrospective cohort.

SETTING: Two large quaternary care pediatric hospitals.

PATIENTS: All patients less than or equal to 26 years old who received …

In-Hospital Mortality Risk Stratification In Children Aged Under 5 Years With Pneumonia With Or Without Pulse Oximetry: A Secondary Analysis Of The Pneumonia Research Partnership To Assess Who Recommendations (Prepare) Dataset, Shubhada Hooli, Carina King, Eric D Mccollum, Tim Colbourn, Norman Lufesi, Charles Mwansambo, Christopher J Gregory, Somsak Thamthitiwat, Clare Cutland, Shabir Ahmed Madhi, Marta C Nunes, Bradford D Gessner, Tabish Hazir, Joseph L Mathew, Emmanuel Addo-Yobo, Noel Chisaka, Mumtaz Hassan, Patricia L Hibberd, Prakash Jeena, Juan M Lozano, William B Macleod, Archana Patel, Donald M Thea, Ngoc Tuong Vy Nguyen, Syed Ma Zaman, Raul O Ruvinsky, Marilla Lucero, Cissy B Kartasasmita, Claudia Turner, Rai Asghar, Salem Banajeh, Imran Iqbal, Irene Maulen-Radovan, Greta Mino-Leon, Samir K Saha, Mathuram Santosham, Sunit Singhi, Shally Awasthi, Ashish Bavdekar, Monidarin Chou, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Jean-William Pape, Glaucia Paranhos-Baccala, Valentina Sanchez Picot, Mala Rakoto-Andrianarivelo, Vanessa Rouzier, Graciela Russomando, Mariam Sylla, Philippe Vanhems, Jianwei Wang, Sudha Basnet, Tor A Strand, Mark I Neuman, Luis Martinez Arroyo, Marcela Echavarria, Shinjini Bhatnagar, Nitya Wadhwa, Rakesh Lodha, Satinder Aneja, Angela Gentile, Mandeep Chadha, Siddhivinayak Hirve, Kerry-Ann F O'Grady, Alexey W Clara, Chris A Rees, Harry Campbell, Harish Nair, Jennifer Falconer, Linda J Williams, Margaret Horne, Shamim A Qazi, Yasir Bin Nisar, Pneumonia Research Partnership To Assess Who Recommendations (Prepare) Study Group

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVES: We determined the pulse oximetry benefit in pediatric pneumonia mortality risk stratification and chest-indrawing pneumonia in-hospital mortality risk factors.

METHODS: We report the characteristics and in-hospital pneumonia-related mortality of children aged 2-59 months who were included in the Pneumonia Research Partnership to Assess WHO Recommendations dataset. We developed multivariable logistic regression models of chest-indrawing pneumonia to identify mortality risk factors.

RESULTS: Among 285,839 children, 164,244 (57.5%) from hospital-based studies were included. Pneumonia case fatality risk (CFR) without pulse oximetry measurement was higher than with measurement (5.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.6-5.9% vs 2.1%, 95% CI 1.9-2.4%). One in five …

Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Supplementation Promotes Brain Maturation In Preterm Pigs, Line I Christiansen, Bo Holmqvist, Xiaoyu Pan, Kristine Holgersen, Sandy E H Lindholm, Nicole L Henriksen, Douglas G Burrin, David Ley, Thomas Thymann, Per Torp Sangild, Stanislava Pankratova

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Very preterm infants show low levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which is associated with postnatal growth restriction and poor neurologic outcomes. It remains unknown whether supplemental IGF-1 may stimulate neurodevelopment in preterm neonates. Using cesarean-delivered preterm pigs as a model of preterm infants, we investigated the effects of supplemental IGF-1 on motor function and on regional and cellular brain development. Pigs were treated with 2.25 mg/kg/d recombinant human IGF-1/IGF binding protein-3 complex from birth until day 5 or 9 before the collection of brain samples for quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC), RNA sequencing, and quantitative PCR analyses. Brain protein synthesis was …

Association Of Clinical Outcomes And Connectivity In Awake Versus Asleep Deep Brain Stimulation For Parkinson Disease, Ron Gadot, Nora Vanegas Arroyave, Huy Dang, Adrish Anand, Ricardo A Najera, Lisa Yutong Taneff, Steven Bellows, Arjun Tarakad, Joseph Jankovic, Andreas Horn, Ben Shofty, Ashwin Viswanathan, Sameer A Sheth

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson disease (PD) is traditionally performed with awake intraoperative testing and/or microelectrode recording. Recently, however, the procedure has been increasingly performed under general anesthesia with image-based verification. The authors sought to compare structural and functional networks engaged by awake and asleep PD-DBS of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and correlate them with clinical outcomes.

METHODS: Levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD), pre- and postoperative motor scores on the Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (MDS-UPDRS III), and total electrical energy delivered (TEED) at 6 months were retroactively assessed in patients with PD who …

Heart Failure-Type Symptom Score Trajectories In Ckd: Findings From The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (Cric) Study, Carl P Walther, Julia S Benoit, Nisha Bansal, Vijay Nambi, Sankar D Navaneethan, Cric Study Investigators

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is impaired by a large burden of symptoms including some that overlap with the symptoms of heart failure (HF). We studied a group of individuals with CKD to understand the patterns and trajectories of HF-type symptoms in this setting.

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.

SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 3,044 participants in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) without prior diagnosis of HF.

PREDICTORS: Sociodemographics, medical history, medications, vital signs, laboratory values, echocardiographic and electrocardiographic parameters.

OUTCOME: Trajectory over 5.5 years of a HF-type symptom score (modified Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire …

European Society Of Paediatric Radiology Artificial Intelligence Taskforce: A New Taskforce For The Digital Age, Lene Bjerke Laborie, Jaishree Naidoo, Erika Pace, Pierluigi Ciet, Christine Eade, Matthias W Wagner, Thierry A G M Huisman, Susan C Shelmerdine

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

A new task force dedicated to artificial intelligence (AI) with respect to paediatric radiology was created in 2021 at the International Paediatric Radiology (IPR) meeting in Rome, Italy (a joint society meeting by the European Society of Pediatric Radiology [ESPR] and the Society for Pediatric Radiology [SPR]). The concept of a separate task force dedicated to AI was borne from an ESPR-led international survey of health care professionals' opinions, expectations and concerns regarding AI integration within children's imaging departments. In this survey, the majority (> 80%) of ESPR respondents supported the creation of a task force and helped define our …

Advancing Diagnostic Equity Through Clinician Engagement, Community Partnerships, And Connected Care, Traber D Giardina, Lechauncy D Woodard, Hardeep Singh

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Altered Lateralization Of The Cingulum In Deployment-Related Traumatic Brain Injury: An Enigma Military-Relevant Brain Injury Study, Emily L Dennis, Mary R Newsome, Hannah M Lindsey, Maheen Adamson, Tara A Austin, Seth G Disner, Blessen C Eapen, Carrie Esopenko, Carol E Franz, Elbert Geuze, Courtney Haswell, Sidney R Hinds, Cooper B Hodges, Andrei Irimia, Kimbra Kenney, Inga K Koerte, William S Kremen, Harvey S Levin, Rajendra A Morey, John Ollinger, Jared A Rowland, Randall S Scheibel, Martha E Shenton, Danielle R Sullivan, Leah D Talbert, Sophia I Thomopoulos, Maya Troyanskaya, William C Walker, Xin Wang, Ashley L Ware, John Kent Werner, Wright Williams, Paul M Thompson, David F Tate, Elisabeth A Wilde

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in military populations can cause disruptions in brain structure and function, along with cognitive and psychological dysfunction. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) can detect alterations in white matter (WM) microstructure, but few studies have examined brain asymmetry. Examining asymmetry in large samples may increase sensitivity to detect heterogeneous areas of WM alteration in mild TBI. Through the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics Through Meta-Analysis Military-Relevant Brain Injury working group, we conducted a mega-analysis of neuroimaging and clinical data from 16 cohorts of Active Duty Service Members and Veterans (n = 2598). dMRI data were processed together along with …

Coevolutionary Signals In Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Capture Residue Contacts And Long-Range Functional Interactions, Eunna Huh, Melina A Agosto, Theodore G Wensel, Olivier Lichtarge

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Upon ligand binding to a G protein-coupled receptor, extracellular signals are transmitted into a cell through sets of residue interactions that translate ligand binding into structural rearrangements. These interactions needed for functions impose evolutionary constraints so that, on occasion, mutations in one position may be compensated by other mutations at functionally coupled positions. To quantify the impact of amino acid substitutions in the context of major evolutionary divergence in the G protein-coupled receptor subfamily of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), we combined two phylogenetic-based algorithms, Evolutionary Trace and covariation Evolutionary Trace, to infer potential structure-function couplings and roles in mGluRs. We …

Ichthyosis Uteri: A Keratinizing Squamous Metaplasia Of The Endometrium With Premalignant Potential, Yingao Zhang, Sarah Tounsi, Ghanshyam Yadav, Ramya P Masand, Anthony B Costales

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

• Ichthyosis uteri is a rare condition describing extensive endometrial keratinization.

• There may be an association with squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium.

• Endometrial extension of cervical malignancy may closely resemble ichthyosis.

• A hysterectomy should be considered in patients who have completed childbearing.

Commentary: Atrial Fibrillation: Surgeons Can Do More Than Operate, Lauren Barron, Marc R Moon

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

E-Cigarette Aerosols Of Propylene Glycol Impair Bk Channel Activity And Parameters Of Mucociliary Function, Michael D Kim, Samuel Chung, Nathalie Baumlin, Liang Sun, Neerupma Silswal, John S Dennis, Makoto Yoshida, Juan Sabater, Frank T Horrigan, Matthias Salathe

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Propylene glycol (PG) is a common delivery vehicle for nicotine and flavorings in e-cigarette (e-cig) liquids and is largely considered safe for ingestion. However, little is known about its effects as an e-cig aerosol on the airway. Here, we investigated whether pure PG e-cig aerosols in realistic daily amounts impact parameters of mucociliary function and airway inflammation in a large animal model (sheep) in vivo and primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) in vitro. Five-day exposure of sheep to e-cig aerosols of 100% PG increased mucus concentrations (% mucus solids) of tracheal secretions. PG e-cig aerosols further increased the activity …

Reclassification Of Pre-Heart Failure Stages Using Cardiac Biomarkers: The Aric Study, Xiaoming Jia, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Chiadi E Ndumele, Salim S Virani, James A De Lemos, Emmanuel Lee, Amil M Shah, Justin B Echouffo-Tcheugui, Biykem Bozkurt, Ron Hoogeveen, Elizabeth Selvin, Christie M Ballantyne, Vijay Nambi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The recent heart failure (HF) guideline recommends the inclusion of cardiac biomarkers in defining Stage B HF.

OBJECTIVES: The authors evaluated the impact of incorporating cardiac biomarkers to reclassify HF in 5,324 participants (mean age: 75.8 years) without prevalent HF enrolled in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities) study and assessed prognosis of Stage B using cardiac biomarkers.

METHODS: Using N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (/mL or ≥125 pg/mL), high-sensitivity troponin T (/L or ≥14 ng/L), and abnormal cardiac structure/function by echocardiography, individuals were classified as Stage A

RESULTS: Overall, 4,326 (81.3%) individuals were classified as Stage B

CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating …

Cigarette Smoke Condensate Induces Centrosome Clustering In Normal Lung Epithelial Cells, Jose Thaiparambil, Chandra S Amara, Subrata Sen, Nagireddy Putluri, Randa El-Zein

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Unlike normal cells, cancer cells frequently have multiple centrosomes that can cluster to form bipolar mitotic spindles and allow for successful cell division. Inhibiting centrosome clustering, therefore, holds therapeutic promise to promote cancer cell-specific cell death.

METHODS: We used confocal microscopy, real-time PCR, siRNA knockdown, and western blot to analyze centrosome clustering and declustering using normal lung bronchial epithelial and nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Also, we used Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software to identify novel pathways associated with centrosome clustering.

RESULTS: In this study, we found that exposure to cigarette smoke condensate induces centrosome amplification and clustering in …

Temporal Single-Cell Atlas Of Non-Neuronal Retinal Cells Reveals Dynamic, Coordinated Multicellular Responses To Central Nervous System Injury, Inbal Benhar, Jiarui Ding, Wenjun Yan, Irene E Whitney, Anne Jacobi, Malika Sud, Grace Burgin, Karthik Shekhar, Nicholas M Tran, Chen Wang, Zhigang He, Joshua R Sanes, Aviv Regev

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Non-neuronal cells are key to the complex cellular interplay that follows central nervous system insult. To understand this interplay, we generated a single-cell atlas of immune, glial and retinal pigment epithelial cells from adult mouse retina before and at multiple time points after axonal transection. We identified rare subsets in naive retina, including interferon (IFN)-response glia and border-associated macrophages, and delineated injury-induced changes in cell composition, expression programs and interactions. Computational analysis charted a three-phase multicellular inflammatory cascade after injury. In the early phase, retinal macroglia and microglia were reactivated, providing chemotactic signals concurrent with infiltration of CCR2+ monocytes from …

Even Heterozygous Loss Of Cdkn2a/B Greatly Accelerates Recurrence In Aggressive Meningioma, A Basit Khan, Collin W English, William C Chen, Prazwal Athukuri, James C Bayley, Vicky L Brandt, Arya Shetty, Caroline C Hadley, Abrar Choudhury, Hsiang-Chih Lu, Arif O Harmanci, Akdes S Harmanci, Stephen T Magill, David R Raleigh, Tiemo J Klisch, Akash J Patel

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Genomic Analysis Of Two Phlebotomine Sand Fly Vectors Of Leishmania From The New And Old World, Frédéric Labbé, Maha Abdeladhim, Jenica Abrudan, Alejandra Saori Araki, Ricardo N Araujo, Peter Arensburger, Joshua B Benoit, Reginaldo Pecanha Brazil, Rafaela V Bruno, Gustavo Bueno Da Silva Rivas, Vinicius Carvalho De Abreu, Jason Charamis, Iliano V Coutinho-Abreu, Samara G Da Costa-Latgé, Alistair Darby, Viv M Dillon, Scott J Emrich, Daniela Fernandez-Medina, Nelder Figueiredo Gontijo, Catherine M Flanley, Derek Gatherer, Fernando A Genta, Sandra Gesing, Gloria I Giraldo-Calderón, Bruno Gomes, Eric Roberto Guimaraes Rocha Aguiar, James G C Hamilton, Omar Hamarsheh, Mallory Hawksworth, Jacob M Hendershot, Paul V Hickner, Jean-Luc Imler, Panagiotis Ioannidis, Emily C Jennings, Shaden Kamhawi, Charikleia Karageorgiou, Ryan C Kennedy, Andreas Krueger, José M Latorre-Estivalis, Petros Ligoxygakis, Antonio Carlos A Meireles-Filho, Patrick Minx, Jose Carlos Miranda, Michael J Montague, Ronald J Nowling, Fabiano Oliveira, João Ortigão-Farias, Marcio G Pavan, Marcos Horacio Pereira, Andre Nobrega Pitaluga, Roenick Proveti Olmo, Marcelo Ramalho-Ortigao, José M C Ribeiro, Andrew J Rosendale, Mauricio R V Sant'anna, Steven E Scherer, Nágila F C Secundino, Douglas A Shoue, Caroline Da Silva Moraes, João Silveira Moledo Gesto, Nataly Araujo Souza, Zainulabueddin Syed, Samuel Tadros, Rayane Teles-De-Freitas, Erich L Telleria, Chad Tomlinson, Yara M Traub-Csekö, João Trindade Marques, Zhijian Tu, Maria F Unger, Jesus Valenzuela, Flávia V Ferreira, Karla P V De Oliveira, Felipe M Vigoder, John Vontas, Lihui Wang, Gareth D Weedall, Elyes Zhioua, Stephen Richards, Wesley C Warren, Robert M Waterhouse, Rod J Dillon, Mary Ann Mcdowell

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Phlebotomine sand flies are of global significance as important vectors of human disease, transmitting bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens, including the kinetoplastid parasites of the genus Leishmania, the causative agents of devastating diseases collectively termed leishmaniasis. More than 40 pathogenic Leishmania species are transmitted to humans by approximately 35 sand fly species in 98 countries with hundreds of millions of people at risk around the world. No approved efficacious vaccine exists for leishmaniasis and available therapeutic drugs are either toxic and/or expensive, or the parasites are becoming resistant to the more recently developed drugs. Therefore, sand fly and/or reservoir control …