Medical Specialties Commons^™

Inhibitory Specificity From A Connectomic Census Of Mouse Visual Cortex, Casey M Schneider-Mizell, Agnes L Bodor, Derrick Brittain, Joann Buchanan, Daniel J Bumbarger, Leila Elabbady, Clare Gamlin, Daniel Kapner, Sam Kinn, Gayathri Mahalingam, Sharmishtaa Seshamani, Shelby Suckow, Marc Takeno, Russel Torres, Wenjing Yin, Sven Dorkenwald, J Alexander Bae, Manuel A Castro, Akhilesh Halageri, Zhen Jia, Chris Jordan, Nico Kemnitz, Kisuk Lee, Kai Li, Ran Lu, Thomas Macrina, Eric Mitchell, Shanka Subhra Mondal, Shang Mu, Barak Nehoran, Sergiy Popovych, William Silversmith, Nicholas L Turner, William Wong, Jingpeng Wu, Jacob Reimer, Andreas S Tolias, H Sebastian Seung, R Clay Reid, Forrest Collman, Nuno Maçarico Da Costa

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Mammalian cortex features a vast diversity of neuronal cell types, each with characteristic anatomical, molecular and functional properties1. Synaptic connectivity shapes how each cell type participates in the cortical circuit, but mapping connectivity rules at the resolution of distinct cell types remains difficult. Here we used millimetre-scale volumetric electron microscopy2 to investigate the connectivity of all inhibitory neurons across a densely segmented neuronal population of 1,352 cells spanning all layers of mouse visual cortex, producing a wiring diagram of inhibition with more than 70,000 synapses. Inspired by classical neuroanatomy, we classified inhibitory neurons based on targeting of …

Foamy Monocytes And Atherogenesis In Mice With Combined Hyperlipidemia And Effects Of Antisense Knockdown Of Apociii, Xueying Peng, Zeqin Lian, Veronica O'Brien, Jing Xiao, Benjamin A Litchfield, Xiao-Yuan Dai Perrard, Lu Xu, Jing Ni, Aparna Mukherjee, Timothy Simmons, Henry Dong, Adam E Mullick, Rosanne Crooke, Henry J Pownall, Scott I Simon, Christie M Ballantyne, Huaizhu Wu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), particularly in combined hyperlipidemia, increases risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We sought to determine contributions of circulating monocytes to atherosclerosis associated with HTG in combined hyperlipidemia, created by transgenic expression of human apoCIII in Ldlr−/− mice (Ldlr−/−ApoCIIItg) fed Western high-fat diet (WD). Tissue culture with THP-1 and primary human monocytes was used to examine effects of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins on monocytes. Ldlr−/−ApoCIIItg mice were also treated with apoCIII antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) and examined for foamy monocytes and atherosclerosis. Compared to Ldlr−/− mice, Ldlr−/−ApoCIIItg mice fed …

Effects Of Smoking Behavior On Lung Metastasis In The All Of Us Research Program, Vikram R Shaw, Jinyoung Byun, Younghun Han, Christopher I Amos

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Smoking may be associated with an increased risk of lung metastasis in cancers of non-lung origin. We leverage survey and electronic health record data from the diverse All of Us Research Program (AoURP) database to investigate whether smoking and smoking-related behaviors increase the risk of lung metastasis in non-lung primary cancers. The results suggest that cigarette use, measured by four continuous variables, does not increase the risk of lung metastasis in seven common cancer types but demonstrates a small significant effect in a cohort including all types of cancer in the database in both univariable and multivariable analyses. An increased …

Current Burden Of Steatotic Liver Disease And Fibrosis Among Adults In The United States, 2017-2023, Donghee Kim, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Karn Wijarnpreecha, George Cholankeril, Rohit Loomba, Aijaz Ahmed

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background/aims: Multi-society experts proposed the adoption of new terminology, metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and steatotic liver disease (SLD). We studied the current prevalence of SLD and its subcategories in the US.

Methods: Using the recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2017 to 2023, we analyzed data from 12,199 participants (≥18 years) who completed transient elastography. SLD and its subcategories, including MASLD, metabolic and alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD), and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), were categorized according to consensus nomenclature.

Results: The age-adjusted prevalence of SLD (cut-off: 285 dB/m) was 35.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 33.4-36.7). Within this …

A Multipronged Effort To Incorporate Professionalism Into Campuswide Programming Through A Center For Professionalism, Kyler M Godwin, Asma Ali, Larry Laufman, Ellen M Friedman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background Professionalism, a core competency for graduate medical education accreditation, has a clear educational mandate. However, the pathway to successful incorporation of professionalism within organizational culture has not been established. Integration of professionalism within the learning environment requires intentional design and formal education. Objective To describe the integration of professionalism in the learning environment through formal education and programming and report feasibility and acceptability data.

Methods The Center for Professionalism (Center) was developed in 2013 to align with the learning and clinical environments of our academic medical center. Primary drivers of a culture of professionalism were identified through input from …

Telehealth Is Effective In The Evaluation Of Individuals With Undiagnosed Rare Disorders: An Undiagnosed Diseases Network Study, Queenie K-G Tan, Allyn Mcconkie-Rosell, Rachel Mahoney, Rebecca C Spillmann, Kelly Schoch, Sirisak Chanprasert, Maria T Acosta, Camilo Toro, Jill A Rosenfeld, James P Orengo, Daryl A Scott, Jorge L Granadillo, Kathleen Sisco, Daniel J Wegner, Mustafa Tekin, Stephanie Bivona, Léshon Peart, Lance Rodan, Devon Bonner, Matthew T Wheeler, Jonathan A Bernstein, Maura Ruzhnikov, Undiagnosed Diseases Network, David R Adams, Fuki M Hisama, Vandana Shashi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Patients with undiagnosed and/or rare disorders frequently manifest dysmorphic and neurological features. There is a lack of information on the effectiveness of telehealth in the evaluation of these disorders. We thus compared an unassisted virtual physical examination (PE) with an in-person PE in undiagnosed individuals and also assessed participant telehealth satisfaction. Twenty-six individuals enrolled in the Undiagnosed Diseases Network study underwent an in-home synchronous virtual PE, and a subsequent in-person PE, by the same clinician. The participants completed surveys on telehealth usability and provider empathy. On PE, general appearance and craniofacial features showed near perfect agreement (κ = 0.81-1.00) between …

Addressing The Burden Of Steatotic Liver Disease: The Role Of Transient Elastography: Correspondence To Editorial On “Current Burden Of Steatotic Liver Disease And Fibrosis Among Adults In The United States, 2017–2023”, Donghee Kim, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Karn Wijarnpreecha, George Cholankeril, Rohit Loomba, Aijaz Ahmed

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Soluble Mesothelin-Related Peptide As A Prognosticator In Pleural Mesothelioma Patients Receiving Checkpoint Immunotherapy, Sonali Mitra, Hee-Jin Jang, Allen Kuncheria, Sung Wook Kang, Jong Min Choi, Ji Seon Shim, Claire Lee, Priyanka Ranchod, Peter Jindra, Maheshwari Ramineni, Meera Patel, R Taylor Ripley, Shawn S Groth, Shanda H Blackmon, Bryan M Burt, Hyun-Sung Lee

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has significantly impacted the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Despite some promising results from combination therapies, nearly half of MPM patients do not benefit, underscoring the urgent need for reliable predictive biomarkers. This study assesses the prognostic value of serum soluble mesothelin-related peptide (SMRP) and PD-L1 levels in MPM patients receiving ICT.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 125 MPM patients treated with ICT by measuring pre-ICT serum levels of SMRP and PD-L1. We also examined the correlation of these serum levels with tumor mRNA expressions of mesothelin and PD-L1. Both univariable and …

Playbook Workflow Builder: Interactive Construction Of Bioinformatics Workflows, Daniel J B Clarke, John Erol Evangelista, Zhuorui Xie, Giacomo B Marino, Anna I Byrd, Mano R Maurya, Sumana Srinivasan, Keyang Yu, Varduhi Petrosyan, Matthew E Roth, Miroslav Milinkov, Charles Hadley King, Jeet Kiran Vora, Jonathon Keeney, Christopher Nemarich, William Khan, Alexander Lachmann, Nasheath Ahmed, Alexandra Agris, Juncheng Pan, Srinivasan Ramachandran, Eoin Fahy, Emmanuel Esquivel, Aleksandar Mihajlovic, Bosko Jevtic, Vuk Milinovic, Sean Kim, Patrick Mcneely, Tianyi Wang, Eric Wenger, Miguel A Brown, Alexander Sickler, Yuankun Zhu, Sherry L Jenkins, Philip D Blood, Deanne M Taylor, Adam C Resnick, Raja Mazumder, Aleksandar Milosavljevic, Shankar Subramaniam, Avi Ma'ayan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The Playbook Workflow Builder (PWB) is a web-based platform to dynamically construct and execute bioinformatics workflows by utilizing a growing network of input datasets, semantically annotated API endpoints, and data visualization tools contributed by an ecosystem of collaborators. Via a user-friendly user interface, workflows can be constructed from contributed building-blocks without technical expertise. The output of each step of the workflow is added into reports containing textual descriptions, figures, tables, and references. To construct workflows, users can click on cards that represent each step in a workflow, or construct workflows via a chat interface that is assisted by a large …

Disease Activity Criteria Impact Dosing Interval Assignment In Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Trials, Marco A Zarbin, Christina Y Weng, Nikolas J S London, Adrian Hock Chuan Koh, Roberto Gallego-Pinazo, Varun Chaudhary, Audrey Souverain, Ivaylo Stoilov, Philippe Margaron

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

New Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus: Long-Term Outcomes Beyond Seizures, Poul H Espino, Krista Eschbach, Leah J Blank, Mackenzie C Cervenka, Eyal Muscal, Raquel Farias-Moeller, Emily J Gilmore, Margaret T Gopaul, Hiba A Haider, Aurelie Hanin, Lawrence J Hirsch, Marissa A Kellogg, Gerhard Kluger, Soon-Tae Lee, Alexandria E Melendez-Zaidi, Vincent Navarro, Audrey C Oliger, Elena Pasini, Gitta Reuner, Cynthia M Sharpe, Zubeda B Sheikh, Leon Steigleder, Claude Steriade, Coral M Stredny, Adam Strzelczyk, Olga Taraschenko, Andreas Van Baalen, Sarah A Vinette, Ronny Wickström, Nora W Wong, Jiyeoun Yoo, Teneille E Gofton

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

We propose and prioritize important outcome domains that should be considered for future research investigating long-term outcomes (LTO) after new onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE). The study was led by the international NORSE Institute LTO Working Group. First, literature describing the LTO of NORSE survivors was identified using a PubMed search and summarized to identify knowledge gaps. Subsequently, a consensus-building process was performed to prioritize and rank important LTO domains for further research. The prioritization of LTO domains was qualitative, enabling the expert panel to generate ideas, share opinions, and provide reasons for the rankings. A second round took place …

Endogenous Dna Damage At Sites Of Terminated Transcripts, Jingjing Liu, Jullian O Perren, Cody M Rogers, Sadeieh Nimer, Alice X Wen, Jennifer A Halliday, Devon M Fitzgerald, Qian Mei, Ralf B Nehring, Mary Crum, Stanislav G Kozmin, Jun Xia, Matthew B Cooke, Yin Zhai, David Bates, Lei Li, P J Hastings, Irina Artsimovitch, Christophe Herman, Patrick M Sung, Kyle M Miller, Susan M Rosenberg

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

DNA damage promotes mutations that fuel cancer, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases1–3, but surprisingly, the causes and types of damage remain largely unknown. There are three identified mechanisms that damage DNA during transcription: RNA polymerase (RNAP) colliding with DNA-replication machinery head-on and co-directionally4–6, and R-loop-induced DNA breakage7–10. Here, we identify DNA-damage reaction intermediates11,12 uncharacterized previously in living cells, and uncover a surprising fourth transcription-related source: endogenous DNA damage at sites of terminated transcripts. We engineered proteins to capture single-stranded (ss)DNA ends with 3'-polarity, in both bacterial …

Correction: Citation Issues In The American Academy Of Pediatrics Policy Statement On Transgender And Gender-Diverse Children And Adolescents (Rafferty, 2018), Kathleen Mcdeavitt

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Psychometric Properties Of The Postpartum Thoughts And Behaviors Checklist, Catherine E Rast, Tracey Dibbs, Caitlin M Pinciotti, Nisha Jagannathan, Jonathan S Abramowitz, Mary C Kimmel, Rashelle Musci, Gerald Nestadt, Paul Nestadt, Lauren M Osborne, Jack Samuels, Eric A Storch

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) has an increased prevalence throughout pregnancy and in the postpartum period relative to non-peripartum periods. While some obsessive-compulsive symptoms in this period present in the same manner to those in non-postpartum OCD, others are more specific to the postpartum period (e.g., obsessions related to sudden infant death syndrome [SIDS]). However, there are few validated scales assessing obsessive-compulsive symptoms during the postpartum period. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Postpartum Thoughts and Behaviors Checklist (PTBC), a semi-structured interview of intrusive thoughts and repetitive, neutralizing behaviors developed to address this gap. In a sample of 257 …

Low-Grade Glial/Glioneuronal Tumor With Yap1::Fam118b Fusion: A Novel Molecular Finding, Fouad El-Dana, Kenneth Aldape, Zied Abdullaev, Sameer Anil Sheth, Jacob Mandel, Hsiang-Chih Lu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Navigating Nonlinear Pathways: Challenges And Opportunities For Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion Leaders In Academic Emergency Medicine, Melanie F Molina, Annika Bhananker, Beatrice Torres, Dalia Owda, Edgardo Ordoñez, Anita N Chary

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVES: Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) leadership roles have grown in academic emergency medicine (EM). We sought to elucidate specific pathways to DEI leadership roles among current DEI leaders in academic EM.

METHODS: From March to May 2023, we conducted semistructured, qualitative interviews with DEI leaders in academic EM across 5 US regions to investigate their pathways to leadership. Participants were recruited via email using Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited EM residency websites and the Academy for Diversity and Inclusion in EM. After recording and transcribing the interviews, we used an inductive approach to identify major themes.

RESULTS: Of …

Neurd Offers Automated Proofreading And Feature Extraction For Connectomics, Brendan Celii, Stelios Papadopoulos, Zhuokun Ding, Paul G Fahey, Eric Wang, Christos Papadopoulos, Alexander B Kunin, Saumil Patel, J Alexander Bae, Agnes L Bodor, Derrick Brittain, Joann Buchanan, Daniel J Bumbarger, Manuel A Castro, Erick Cobos, Sven Dorkenwald, Leila Elabbady, Akhilesh Halageri, Zhen Jia, Chris Jordan, Dan Kapner, Nico Kemnitz, Sam Kinn, Kisuk Lee, Kai Li, Ran Lu, Thomas Macrina, Gayathri Mahalingam, Eric Mitchell, Shanka Subhra Mondal, Shang Mu, Barak Nehoran, Sergiy Popovych, Casey M Schneider-Mizell, William Silversmith, Marc Takeno, Russel Torres, Nicholas L Turner, William Wong, Jingpeng Wu, Szi-Chieh Yu, Wenjing Yin, Daniel Xenes, Lindsey M Kitchell, Patricia K Rivlin, Victoria A Rose, Caitlyn A Bishop, Brock Wester, Emmanouil Froudarakis, Edgar Y Walker, Fabian Sinz, H Sebastian Seung, Forrest Collman, Nuno Maçarico Da Costa, R Clay Reid, Xaq Pitkow, Andreas S Tolias, Jacob Reimer

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

We are in the era of millimetre-scale electron microscopy volumes collected at nanometre resolution1,2. Dense reconstruction of cellular compartments in these electron microscopy volumes has been enabled by recent advances in machine learning3–6. Automated segmentation methods produce exceptionally accurate reconstructions of cells, but post hoc proofreading is still required to generate large connectomes that are free of merge and split errors. The elaborate 3D meshes of neurons in these volumes contain detailed morphological information at multiple scales, from the diameter, shape and branching patterns of axons and dendrites, down to the fine-scale …

Predictors And Outcomes Of First Pass Efficacy In Posterior Circulation Strokes: Insights From Star Collaboration, Muhammad U Hafeez, Muhammed A Essibayi, Daniel Raper, Omar Tanweer, Mithun Sattur, Sami Al-Kasab, Joshua Burks, Robert Townsend, Diana Alsbrook, Travis Dumont, Min S Park, Nitin Goyal, Adam S Arthur, Ilko Maier, Justin Mascitelli, Robert Starke, Stacey Wolfe, Kyle Fargen, Alejandro Spiotta, Peter T Kan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: First-pass efficacy (FPE) has been established as an important predictor of favorable functional outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy (ET) in anterior circulation strokes. In this retrospective cohort study, we investigate predictors and clinical outcomes of FPE in posterior circulation strokes (pcAIS).

Methods: The Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry database was used to identify pcAIS patients who achieved FPE. Their baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared with the non-FPE group. The primary outcome was a 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0-3. Univariate (UVA) and multivariate (MVA) analyses were done to evaluate predictors of FPE. Safety outcomes included distal emboli, vessel …

The Association Between County-Level Social Determinants Of Health And Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Disease Attributed All-Cause Mortality In The Us: A Cross Sectional Analysis, Antoinette Cotton, Pedro Rvo Salerno, Salil V Deo, Salim S Virani, Khurram Nasir, Ian Neeland, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Naveed Sattar, Sadeer Al-Kindi, Yakov E Elgudin

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: The American Heart Association recently defined cardio-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome as the intersection between metabolic, renal, and cardiovascular disease. Understanding the contemporary estimates of CKM related mortality in the US is essential for developing targeted public interventions.

Methods: We analyzed state-level and county-level CKM-associated all-cause mortality data (2010-2019) from the CDC Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER). Median and interquartile (IQR) age-adjusted mortality rates (aaMR) per 100,000 were reported and linked with a multi-component metric for social deprivation: the Social Deprivation Index (SDI: range 0 - 100) grouped as: I: 0 - 25, II: 26 - 50, III: 51 …

Warm-Ischemia And Cold Storage Induced Modulation Of Ferroptosis Observed In Human Hearts Donated After Circulatory Death And Brain Death, Shiyi Li, Katherine V Nordick, Abdussalam E Elsenousi, Rishav Bhattacharya, Randall P Kirby, Adel M Hassan, Camila Hochman-Mendez, Todd K Rosengart, Kenneth K Liao, Nandan K Mondal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

We investigated ferroptosis, a type of programmed cell death mechanism, in human hearts donated after brain death (DBD) and those donated after circulatory death (DCD), focusing on warm ischemia time (WIT) and cold storage. A total of 24 hearts were procured, with six from the DBD group and 18 from the DCD group. The DCD group was divided into three subgroups, each containing six hearts, based on different WITs of 20, 40, and 60 min. All procured hearts were placed in cold storage for up to 6 h. Left ventricular biopsies were performed at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h. …

Acute Kidney Injury In Severe Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis Treated With Anakinra Plus Zinc Or Prednisone, Kavish R Patidar, Wanzhu Tu, Thomas G Cotter, Douglas A Simonetto, Amon Asgharpour, Muhammad Y Jan, Qing Tang, Yunpeng Yu, Yang Li, Moyinoluwa Taiwo, Prashanth Thevkar Nagesh, Srinivasan Dasarathy, Patrick S Kamath, Craig J Mcclain, Naga Chalasani, Gyongyi Szabo, Ramon Bataller, Mack Mitchell, Wajahat Z Mehal, Laura E Nagy, Vijay H Shah, Samer Gawrieh, Arun J Sanyal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background and aims: In a recent trial, patients with severe alcohol-associated hepatitis treated with anakinra plus zinc (A+Z) had lower survival and higher acute kidney injury (AKI) rates versus prednisone (PRED). We characterize the clinical factors and potential mechanisms associated with AKI development in that trial.

Approach and results: Data from 147 participants in a multicenter randomized clinical trial (74 A+Z, 73 PRED) were analyzed. AKI, AKI phenotypes, and kidney injury biomarkers were compared between participants who did/did not develop AKI in the 2 treatment arms. Multivariable competing risk analyses were performed to identify baseline risk factors for incident AKI, …

Destructive And Protective Effects And Therapeutic Targets Of Il-36 Family Cytokines In Dry Eye Disease, Xin Chen, Na Lin, Haixia Liu, Jing Lin, Ning Gao, Zhao Liu, Cintia S De Paiva, Stephen C Pflugfelder, De-Quan Li

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Purpose: To explore the destructive and protective effects and therapeutic targets of IL-36 cytokines in dry eye disease using a murine dry eye model.

Methods: A dry eye model was established in C57BL/6 mice exposed to desiccating stress (DS) with untreated mice as controls. A topical challenge model was performed in normal mice with exogenous rmIL-36α, rhIL-38 and 2 % ectoine, or PBS vehicle. IL-36 cytokine expression was assessed by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescent (IF) staining. Corneal epithelial damage was evaluated by corneal smoothness score, Oregon Green Dextran (OGD) fluorescent staining, and tight junction barrier.

Results: All members of the IL-36 …

Fruits Of The Professional Educator Appreciation And Recognition (Pear) Awards: Learning What Students Value In Their Medical Educators, Madeline Tomlinson, Kristiana Nasto, Kevin Gosselin, Ellen M Friedman, Anne Gill, Stacey Rose

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Purpose: The Professional Educator Appreciation and Recognition (PEAR) awards program was created by students at Baylor College of Medicine (BCM) in 2020 to recognize exemplary educators. We reviewed our 3-year experience of this initiative to identify characteristics of award-winning educators, and to assess the award's impact.

Materials and methods: We reviewed the title, department, and clinical affiliation of award winners. Using ChatGPT, we qualitatively analyzed de-identified nomination narratives to identify themes of educator characteristics most valued by students. Following refinement by the study team, each award was then assigned one or more themes. Unsolicited thank-you emails were reviewed to consider …

Optimal Restoration Of Spermatogenesis After Testosterone Therapy Using Human Chorionic Gonadotropin And Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, Blair T Stocks, Amelia G Oppenheimer, Kevin J Campbell, John P Lindsey, Taylor P Kohn, Juliet M Alexander, Jason B Huang, Larry I Lipshultz

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: To study improvements in spermatogenesis in men with a history of testosterone therapy using a novel fertility treatment regimen.

Design: A single-center retrospective cohort analysis.

Subjects: Seventy-seven men with previous testosterone use seeking fertility treatment from January 2020 to March 2024.

Exposure: A treatment regimen of 3,000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and 75 IU of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) three times a week was used.

Main outcome measures: The primary outcome measured was change in sperm concentration during hCG/FSH therapy. The secondary outcome measured was whether concurrent testosterone therapy during hCG/FSH therapy affected recovery of spermatogenesis.

Results: Within …

Variability In Treatment Of Utis In Children With Genitourinary Anomalies In Children's Hospitals, Catherine S Forster, Alexis C Wood, Stephanie Davis-Rodriguez, Sanyukta Desai, Pearl W Chang, Michael J Tchou, John M Morrison, Rana F Hamdy, Vijaya Vemulakonda, Patrick W Brady, Cynthia Abou Zeid, Sowdhamini S Wallace, Uti In Children With Cakut Study Group

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: In children with urinary tract anomalies, febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) are associated with increased risks of sepsis, hospitalization, and kidney injury. However, the best treatment strategies are unknown. We aimed to describe antibiotic treatment practices and outcomes for UTIs in children with urinary tract anomalies and evaluate whether variability in UTI treatment exists between hospitals.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study of children seen in emergency departments (EDs) in 6 free-standing US children's hospitals from January 1, 2017, through December 31, 2018. We included children aged 0-17 years with an anatomic or functional urinary tract anomaly …

Inborn Errors Of Immunity Reveal Molecular Requirements For Generation And Maintenance Of Human Cd4+ Il-9-Expressing Cells, Geetha Rao, Corinne D Mack, Tina Nguyen, Natalie Wong, Kathryn Payne, Lisa Worley, Paul E Gray, Melanie Wong, Peter Hsu, Michael O Stormon, Kahn Preece, Daniel Suan, Michael O'Sullivan, Annaliesse K Blincoe, Jan Sinclair, Satoshi Okada, Sophie Hambleton, Peter D Arkwright, Kaan Boztug, Polina Stepensky, Megan A Cooper, Liliana Bezrodnik, Kari C Nadeau, Hassan Abolhassani, Roshini S Abraham, Mikko R J Seppänen, Vivien Béziat, Jacinta Bustamante, Lisa R Forbes Satter, Jennifer W Leiding, Isabelle Meyts, Emmanuelle Jouanguy, Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis, Gulbu Uzel, Anne Puel, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Stuart G Tangye, Cindy S Ma

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: CD4+ T cells play essential roles in adaptive immunity. Distinct CD4+ T-cell subsets-TH1, TH2, TH17, TH22, T follicular helper, and regulatory T cells-have been identified, and their contributions to host defense and immune regulation are increasingly well defined. IL-9-producing TH9 cells were first described in 2008 and appear to play both protective and pathogenic roles in human immunity. However, key requirements for generating human TH9 cells remain incompletely defined.

Objective: We sought to define signaling pathways that regulate IL-9 production by human CD4+ T cells.

Methods: Human naive and memory CD4+ T cells were cultured under different conditions, and …

Order And Timing Of Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization As A Perioperative Adjunct To Surgical Evacuation For Chronic Subdural Hematomas: A Multicenter Study, Georgios S Sioutas, Mohamed M Salem, Okkes Kuybu, Mira Salih, Jane Khalife, Kate Carroll, Edward A Duckworth, Dhrumil Vaishnav, Muhammed Amir Essibayi, Alex Nguyen Hoang, Cordell M Baker, Aldo A Mendez Ruiz, Zachary Abecassis, Walid K Salah, Juan F Ruiz Rodriguez, Iris Charcos, Gustavo M Cortez, Sandra Narayanan, Oz Haim, Omar Tanweer, Ricardo Hanel, Peter Kan, Daniel A Tonetti, Raul G Nogueira, Tudor G Jovin, David J Altschul, Michael J Lang, Visish M Srinivasan, Brian T Jankowitz, Ajith J Thomas, Michael R Levitt, Christopher S Ogilvy, Bradley A Gross, Jan-Karl Burkhardt, Ramesh Grandhi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background

Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a common neurosurgical condition, and middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) has emerged as a minimally invasive adjunct to surgery, but optimal timing remains unclear.

Purpose

To investigate radiographic and clinical outcomes of patients with cSDH undergoing MMAE as an adjunct to surgical evacuation, focusing on order and timing of MMAE relative to surgery.

Materials and Methods

This multicenter, retrospective study included consecutive patients undergoing MMAE adjunct to surgery for cSDH at 10 U.S. centers from September 2018 to September 2023. Clinical and radiographic characteristics and outcomes were examined in MMAE before or after surgery. …

Il-12-Producing Cytokine Factories Induce Precursor Exhausted T Cells And Elimination Of Primary And Metastatic Tumors, Amanda Nash, Jonathon Debonis, Danna Murungi, Bertha Castillo, Boram Kim, Fangheng Hu, Courtney Chambers, Annie Nguyen, Andrea Hernandez, Zeshi Wang, Peter D Rios, Sofia Ghani, Ira Joshi, Douglas Isa, Ningbo Zheng, Weiyi Peng, Oleg A Igoshin, Jose Oberholzer, H Courtney Hodges, Nathan Reticker-Flynn, Omid Veiseh

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Curative responses to immunotherapy require the generation of robust systemic immunity with limited toxicity. Recruitment of T cell populations such as precursor exhausted T cells (Tpex) from lymphoid tissues to tumors is a hallmark of effective treatment. However, the ability to efficiently induce this recruitment is lacking in current immunotherapy approaches. Furthermore, systemic administration of immunotherapies frequently results in dose-limiting toxicities, yielding an inadequate therapeutic window for eliciting durable responses.

Methods: In this investigation, we evaluated the safety and antitumor efficacy of locally administered interleukin 12 (IL-12) using a clinically translatable cytokine delivery platform (NCT05538624) to identify …

Sialidase Fusion Protein Protects Against Influenza Infection In A Cigarette Smoke-Induced Model Of Copd, Cheng-Yen Chang, Dominique Armstrong, John M Knight, Trevor V Gale, Stephen Hawley, Max Wang, Nancy Chang, David B Corry, Farrah Kheradmand

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

First- and secondhand smokers are at an increased risk for influenza virus (IFV)-related respiratory failure and death. Despite approved influenza antiviral treatments, there is an unmet need for treatments that can improve outcomes in populations at risk for respiratory failure, including tobacco users with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Here we show that the sialidase fusion protein, DAS181, reduced viral burden, mitigated inflammation, and attenuated lung function loss, consistent with broad-spectrum anti-influenza responses in a mouse model of COPD and IFV-A infection. Treatment with DAS181 reprogramed the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) in alveolar macrophages, increased expression of phagocytic marker …

Key Decision-Making Factors In Pediatric Microtia Repair, Maya Guhan, Grace Anand, Yi-Chun Liu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.