Medical Specialties Commons^™

Rates And Determinants Of Mother's Own Milk Feeding In Infants Born Very Preterm, Dinesh Dharel, Nalini Singhal, Christel Wood, Zenon Cieslak, Fabiana Bacchini, Prakesh S. Shah, Xiang Y. Ye, Belal Alshaikh

Paediatrics Publications

Objectives: To examine rates and determinants of mother's own milk (MOM) feeding at hospital discharge in a cohort of infants born very preterm within the Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN). Study design: This was a population-based cohort study of infants born at (NICUs) participating in the CNN between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018. We examined the rates and determinants of MOM use at discharge home among the participating NICUs. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify independent determinants of MOM feeding. Results: Among the 6404 infants born very preterm and discharged home during the study period, 4457 (70%) …

Group A Streptococcal Septic Hip Arthritis In A Child With Spastic Triplegic Cerebral Palsy, Supriya Singh, Jacob Davidson, Timothy Carey, Michelle Barton Forbes, Megan Cashin

Paediatrics Publications

Reports of septic hip arthritis in children with cerebral palsy are exceedingly rare. This case report describes a 10-year-old boy with spastic triplegic cerebral palsy (Gross Motor Functional Classification System), who presented with fever and irritability. This case highlights the difficulties in diagnosing septic joint arthritis in patients with cerebral palsy who are nonverbal and have limited mobility. A high index of suspicion is necessary in this population when presented with fever and new limitations in mobility.

The Role Of Phonological And Semantic Representations In Verbal Short-Term Memory And Delayed Retention, Lisa Archibald

Data and Test Instruments

No abstract provided.

Water-Fat Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of Adipose Tissue Compartments In The Normal Third Trimester Fetus, Stephanie A Giza, Tianna L Koreman, Simran Sethi, Michael R Miller, Debbie A Penava, Genevieve D Eastabrook, Charles A Mckenzie, Barbra De Vrijer

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

BACKGROUND: Assessment of fetal adipose tissue gives information about the future metabolic health of an individual, with evidence that the development of this tissue has regional heterogeneity.

OBJECTIVE: To assess differences in the proton density fat fraction (PDFF) between fetal adipose tissue compartments in the third trimester using water-fat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Water-fat MRI was performed in a 1.5-T scanner. Fetal adipose tissue was segmented into cheeks, thorax, abdomen, upper arms, forearms, thighs and lower legs. PDFF and R2* values were measured in each compartment.

RESULTS: Twenty-eight women with singleton pregnancies were imaged between 28 and …

Examining The Correlates Of Adolescent Food And Nutrition Knowledge, Rachel Brown, Jamie A. Seabrook, Saverio Stranges, Andrew F. Clark, Jess Haines, Colleen O’Connor, Sean Doherty, Jason A. Gilliland

Paediatrics Publications

Food literacy is a set of skills and knowledge that are integral to diet. It is common among teenagers to not have basic food literacy skills needed to consume a healthy diet. This study examined: (1) the current state of food and nutrition knowledge among adolescents 13–19 years of age in the census metropolitan area of London, ON, Canada; and (2) correlates of food knowledge and nutrition knowledge among adolescents. Data for this study were drawn from baseline youth and parent survey data collected from a larger population health intervention study. Statistical analysis of the survey data indicates that higher …

Translating Developmental Origins Of Health And Disease In Practice: Health Care Providers' Perspectives., Monica L Molinaro, Marilyn Evans, Timothy Regnault, Barbra De Vrijer

Paediatrics Publications

Currently, there is limited knowledge on how health care providers perceive and understand the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD), which may impact how they inform patients and their families throughout the perinatal period. This qualitative descriptive study explored if and how health care providers counsel on in utero programming and future health outcomes with parents, both preconception and during pregnancy. One-on-one, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 health care providers from varying health disciplines including obstetrics and gynaecology, midwifery, paediatrics, endocrinology and internal medicine. Audiotaped interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Three themes were …

Biopharmaceutical Characteristics Of Nifurtimox Tablets For Age- And Body Weight-Adjusted Dosing In Patients With Chagas Disease., Heino Stass, Ethel Feleder, Facundo Garcia-Bournissen, Johannes Nagelschmitz, Boris Weimann, Gustavo Yerino, Jaime Altcheh

Paediatrics Publications

Treatment of Chagas disease with nifurtimox requires age- and body weight-adjusted dosing, resulting in complex dosing instructions. Appropriate formulations are needed for precise and compliant dosing, especially in pediatric patients. We characterized the biopharmaceutical features of a standard nifurtimox 120-mg tablet and a 30-mg tablet developed to improve dose accuracy. Two open-label, randomized crossover studies were conducted in adult outpatients with Chagas disease. One study investigated whether 4 × 30-mg tablets and 1 × 120-mg tablet were bioequivalent and whether tablets can be administered as an aqueous slurry without affecting bioavailability. The second study investigated the effect of a high-calorie/high-fat …

Risk Factors For Re-Hospitalization Following Neonatal Discharge Of Extremely Preterm Infants In Canada, Zakariya Bambala Puthattayil, Thuy Mai Luu, Marc Beltempo, Shannon Cross, Thevanisha Pillay, Marilyn Ballantyne, Anne Synnes, Prakesh Shah, Thierry Daboval

Paediatrics Publications

Objective: Survivors of extremely preterm birth are at risk of re-hospitalization but risk factors in the Canadian population are unknown. Our objective is to identify neonatal, sociodemographic, and geographic characteristics that predict re-hospitalization in Canadian extremely preterm neonates. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of a prospective observational cohort study that included preterm infants born 22 to 28 weeks’ gestational age from April 1, 2009 to September 30, 2011 and seen at 18 to 24 months corrected gestational age in a Canadian Neonatal Follow-Up Network clinic. Characteristics of infants re-hospitalized versus not re-hospitalized are compared. The potential neonatal, sociodemographic, and …

Timing Of Cgm Initiation In Pediatric Diabetes: The Cgm Time Trial., Margaret L Lawson, Kate C Verbeeten, Jennilea M Courtney, Brenda J Bradley, Karen Mcassey, Cheril Clarson, Susan Kirsch, Jacqueline R Curtis, Farid H Mahmud, Christine Richardson, Tammy Cooper, Jason Chan, Ken Tang

Paediatrics Publications

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether timing of CGM initiation offering low glucose suspend (LGS) affects CGM adherence in children and youth starting insulin pump therapy.

METHODS: A 5-site RCT of pump-naïve subjects (aged 5-18 years) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) for at least 1 year compared simultaneous pump and CGM initiation offering LGS vs standard pump therapy with CGM initiation delayed for 6 months. Primary outcome was CGM adherence (hours per 28 days) (MiniMed™ Paradigm™ Veo™ system; CareLink Pro™ software) over 6 months after CGM initiation. Secondary outcome HbA1c was measured centrally. Linear mixed-models and ordinary least squares models were fitted …

Improving Access And Mental Health For Youth Using Smart Technologies, Cheryl Forchuk, Sandra Fisman, Jeffrey P. Reiss, Kerry Collins, Julie Eichstedt, Abraham Rudnick, Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai, Jeffrey S. Hoch, Xianbin Wang, Daniel Lizotte, Shona Macpherson, Richard Booth

Paediatrics Publications

The overall objective of this research is to evaluate the use of a mobile health smartphone application (app) to improve the mental health of youth between the ages of 14 and 25 years, with symptoms of anxiety and/or depression. This project includes 122 youth who are accessing outpatient mental health services at one of three hospitals and two community agencies. The youth and care providers are using the Smart technology to enhance care. The technology uses mobile questionnaires (QnairesTM) to help promote self-assessment and track changes to support the plan of care. The youth were provided a smartphone and talk/text/data …

Process Evaluation Of Fruit And Vegetables Distribution Interventions In School-Based Settings: A Systematic Review, Mariam R. Ismail, Jamie A. Seabrook, Jason A. Gilliland

Paediatrics Publications

Despite the importance of process evaluation in program evaluations, research has focused primarily on the effectiveness of fruit and vegetables (FVs) distribution interventions on children's consumption, with little attention given to how these interventions achieve their outcomes. Five bibliographic databases (Embase, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection) were searched in June 2019 for studies of interventions where the main focus was the implementation of distributed FVs to school-aged children as a snack. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool was used to appraise the risk of bias within included studies. Data were extracted based on study characteristics …

Defining The Genotypic And Phenotypic Spectrum Of X-Linked Msl3-Related Disorder, Theresa Brunet, Kirsty Mcwalter, Katharina Mayerhanser, Grace M Anbouba, Amy Armstrong-Javors, Ingrid Bader, Evan Baugh, Amber Begtrup, Caleb P Bupp, Bert L Callewaert, Anna Cereda, Margot A Cousin, Juan C Del Rey Jimenez, Laurie Demmer, Nikita R Dsouza, Nicole Fleischer, Ralitza H Gavrilova, Sumedha Ghate, Elisabeth Graf, Andrew Green, Sarah R Green, Maria Iascone, Ameni Kdissa, Dirk Klee, Eric W Klee, Emily Lancaster, Kristin Lindstrom, Johannes A Mayr, Meriel Mcentagart, Naomi J L Meeks, Dana Mittag, Harrison Moore, Anne K Olsen, Damara Ortiz, Gretchen Parsons, Loren D M Pena, Richard E Person, Sumit Punj, Gonzalo Alonso Ramos-Rivera, Maria J Guillen Sacoto, G Bradley Schaefer, Rhonda E Schnur, Tiana M Scott, Daryl A Scott, Carolyn R Serbinski, Vandana Shashi, Victoria Mok Siu, Barbro Fossøy Stadheim, Jennifer A Sullivan, Jana Švantnerová, Lea Velsher, David S Wargowski, Ingrid M Wentzensen, Dagmar Wieczorek, Juliane Winkelmann, Patrick Yap, Michael Zech, Michael T Zimmermann, Thomas Meitinger, Felix Distelmaier, Matias Wagner

Paediatrics Publications

PURPOSE: We sought to delineate the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of female and male individuals with X-linked, MSL3-related disorder (Basilicata-Akhtar syndrome).

METHODS: Twenty-five individuals (15 males, 10 females) with causative variants in MSL3 were ascertained through exome or genome sequencing at ten different sequencing centers.

RESULTS: We identified multiple variant types in MSL3 (ten nonsense, six frameshift, four splice site, three missense, one in-frame-deletion, one multi-exon deletion), most proven to be de novo, and clustering in the terminal eight exons suggesting that truncating variants in the first five exons might be compensated by an alternative MSL3 transcript. Three-dimensional modeling of …

Acute Pediatric Stroke, Saptharishi Lalgudi Ganesan, Cecil Hahn

Data and Test Instruments

No abstract provided.

Clinical Neurophysiology And Social Media: Time To Take The Plunge!, Saptharishi Lalgudi Ganesan, Aatif M. Husain

Data and Test Instruments

No abstract provided.

A Survey Of Neuromonitoring Practices In North American Pediatric Intensive Care Units, Saptharishi Lalgudi Ganesan

Data and Test Instruments

No abstract provided.

Quantitative Eeg-Based Seizure Estimation In Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus, Saptharishi Lalgudi Ganesan, Ayham Alkhachroum, Johannes P. Koren, Julie Kromm, Nina Massad, Renz A. Reyes, Michael Miller, David Roh, Sachin Agarwal, Soojin Park, Jan Claassen

Data and Test Instruments

No abstract provided.

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Temporally Associated With Bnt162b2 Vaccination In An Adolescent Successfully Treated With Caplacizumab, Saptharishi Lalgudi Ganesan

Data and Test Instruments

No abstract provided.

Moyamoya Syndrome In An Infant With Aicardi-Goutières And Williams Syndromes: A Case Report, Jagraj S. Brar, Rahul Verma, Mohammed Al-Omari, Victoria M. Siu, Andrea V. Andrade, Michael T. Jurkiewicz, Saptharishi Lalgudi Ganesan

Paediatrics Publications

Stroke in infancy is a rare phenomenon but can lead to significant long-term disability. We present the story of a 6-month-old Old Order Amish infant with underlying Williams syndrome, a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a microdeletion, encompassing the elastin gene that produces abnormalities in elastic fibers of the lungs and vessels. This infant presented with lethargy, irritability, and a new-onset generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was consistent with ischemic stroke in the supratentorial regions. MR angiogram demonstrated bilateral narrowing of the internal carotid arteries with ivy sign, suggestive of Moyamoya. Moyamoya disease/syndrome is a cerebrovascular condition …

Pannexin 1 Binds Β-Catenin To Modulate Melanoma Cell Growth And Metabolism, Samar Sayedyahossein, Kenneth Huang, Zhigang Li, Christopher Zhang, Alexandra M. Kozlov, Danielle Johnston, Daniel Nouri-Nejad, Lina Dagnino, Dean H. Betts, David B. Sacks, Silvia Penuela

Paediatrics Publications

Melanoma is the most aggressive skin malignancy with increasing incidence worldwide. Pannexin1 (PANX1), a member of the pannexin family of channel-forming glycoproteins, regulates cellular processes in melanoma cells including proliferation, migration, and invasion/metastasis. However, the mechanisms responsible for coordinating and regulating PANX1 function remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated a direct interaction between the C-terminal region of PANX1 and the N-terminal portion of β-catenin, a key transcription factor in the Wnt pathway. At the protein level, β-catenin was significantly decreased when PANX1 was either knocked down or inhibited by two PANX1 blockers, Probenecid and Spironolactone. Immunofluorescence imaging showed a disrupted pattern …

Effects Of Maternal Obesity And Gestational Diabetes Mellitus On The Placenta: Current Knowledge And Targets For Therapeutic Interventions, Samantha Bedell, Janine Hutson, Barbra De Vrijer, Genevieve Eastabrook

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

Obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are becoming more common among pregnant women worldwide and are individually associated with a number of placenta-mediated obstetric complications, including preeclampsia, macrosomia, intrauterine growth restriction and stillbirth. The placenta serves several functions throughout pregnancy and is the main exchange site for the transfer of nutrients and gas from mother to fetus. In pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity or GDM, the placenta is exposed to environmental changes, such as increased inflammation and oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and altered hormone levels. These changes can affect placental development and function and lead to abnormal fetal growth and development …

Examining How Children's Gender Influences Parents’ Perceptions Of The Local Environment And Their Influence On Children's Independent Mobility, Alina Medeiros, Andrew F. Clark, Gina Martin, Jamie A. Seabrook, Jason Gilliland

Paediatrics Publications

Physical inactivity among children is a public health concern. Children's ability to travel independently is associated with increased physical activity and social connectedness. Consequently, it is concerning that children's independent mobility has decreased in recent years. Studies have highlighted that rates of independent mobility vary by gender; this study analyzed how correlates of independent mobility vary between boys (n = 476) and girls (n = 618) attending 32 elementary schools in Southwestern Ontario. Hierarchical logistic regression modeling methods were used. All analyzes were stratified by gender. For boys, age was negatively associated with travel with peers. Having one or more …

Correlates Of Lifetime And Past Month Vape Use In A Sample Of Canadian University Students, Jamie A. Seabrook, Jasna Twynstra, Jason A. Gilliland

Paediatrics Publications

Introduction: This study examines correlates of lifetime (ie, ever vaped) and past month vape use among students aged 17 to 19 years, 20 to 25 years, and 26+ years from Western University in London, Ontario. The secondary objective is to assess lifetime and past month vape use among students not of legal age to purchase vaping products in Ontario (ie, those 17 to 18 years only). Methods: Using Qualtrics, a cross-sectional survey was sent via email to all students at Western University (N = 38 442), assessing their current and past risk-taking behaviors, mental health, sociodemographic characteristics, as well as …

The Quantity And Composition Of Household Food Waste During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Direct Measurement Study In Canada, Haley Everitt, Paul Van Der Werf, Jamie A. Seabrook, Alexander Wray, Jason A. Gilliland

Paediatrics Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic may have amplified the environmental, social, and economic implications of household food waste. A better understanding of household food wasting during the pandemic is needed to improve the management of waste and develop best practices for municipal waste management programs under crisis circumstances. A waste composition study was undertaken with 100 single-family households across the city of London, Ontario, Canada to determine the quantity and composition of household food waste disposed in June 2020, during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines how household demographic, socioeconomic, and neighbourhood food environment characteristics influence household food …

Examining How Changes In Provincial Policy On Vape Marketing Impacted The Distribution Of Vaping Advertisements Near Secondary Schools In London, Ontario, Gina Martin, Drew D. Bowman, Megan Graat, Andrew F. Clark, Alexander J. Wray, Zoe Askwith, Jamie A. Seabrook, Jason A. Gilliland

Paediatrics Publications

Objectives: On January 1, 2020, the Government of Ontario passed a regulation banning vaping advertisements by retailers, apart from specialty shops. A motivation for this ban was to limit youth exposure to vaping advertisements. The primary goal of this research was to evaluate the impact of this ban on the number and density of vaping advertisements surrounding secondary schools. Additionally, we examined whether the number of vaping advertisements varied by school socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: This study used a pre-post design. Audits were conducted December 2019 (pre-ban) and again January to February 2020 (post-ban), to identify vaping advertisements within 800 m …

Sensitivity Of Arterial Spin Labeling For Characterization Of Longitudinal Perfusion Changes In Frontotemporal Dementia And Related Disorders, Tracy Ssali, Udunna C. Anazodo, Lucas Narciso, Linshan Liu, Sarah Jesso, Lauryn Richardson, Matthias Günther, Simon Konstandin, Klaus Eickel, Frank Prato, Elizabeth Finger, Keith St. Lawrence

Paediatrics Publications

Background: Advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and related disorders, along with the development of novel candidate disease modifying treatments, have stimulated the need for tools to assess the efficacy of new therapies. While perfusion imaging by arterial spin labeling (ASL) is an attractive approach for longitudinal imaging biomarkers of neurodegeneration, sources of variability between sessions including arterial transit times (ATT) and fluctuations in resting perfusion can reduce its sensitivity. Establishing the magnitude of perfusion changes that can be reliably detected is necessary to delineate longitudinal perfusion changes related to disease processes from the effects …

In Utero Exposure To ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Leads To Postnatal Catch-Up Growth And Dysmetabolism In The Adult Rat Liver, Daniel Hardy, Shelby Oke, Kendrick Lee, Rosemary Papp, Steven Laviolette

Data and Test Instruments

No abstract provided.

Exercise In Pregnancy Increases Placental Angiogenin Without Changes In Oxidative Or Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Daniel Hardy, Xin Mu, Katelyn Marchiori, Michelle Mottola

Data and Test Instruments

No abstract provided.

Transcriptional Profiling Of Leukocytes In Critically Ill Covid19 Patients: Implications For Interferon Response And Coagulation, Sean E Gill, Claudia C Dos Santos, David B O'Gorman, David E Carter, Eric K Patterson, Marat Slessarev, Claudio Martin, Mark Daley, Michael R. Miller, Gediminas Cepinskas, Douglas Fraser

Paediatrics Publications

BACKGROUND: COVID19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and has been associated with severe inflammation leading to organ dysfunction and mortality. Our aim was to profile the transcriptome in leukocytes from critically ill patients positive for COVID19 compared to those negative for COVID19 to better understand the COVID19-associated host response. For these studies, all patients admitted to our tertiary care intensive care unit (ICU) suspected of being infected with SARS-CoV-2, using standardized hospital screening methodologies, had blood samples collected at the time of admission to the ICU. Transcriptome profiling of leukocytes via ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNAseq) was then performed and …

Pathway‐Extended Gene Expression Signatures Integrate Novel Biomarkers That Improve Predictions Of Patient Responses To Kinase Inhibitors, Ashis Bagchee‐Clark, Eliseos J. Mucaki, Tyson Whitehead, Peter Rogan

Biochemistry Publications

Cancer chemotherapy responses have been related to multiple pharmacogenetic biomarkers, often for the same drug. This study utilizes machine learning to derive multi‐gene expression signatures that predict individual patient responses to specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including erlotinib, gefitinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, lapatinib and imatinib. Support vector machine (SVM) learning was used to train mathematical models that distinguished sensitivity from resistance to these drugs using a novel systems biology‐based approach. This began with expression of genes previously implicated in specific drug responses, then expanded to evaluate genes whose products were related through biochemical pathways and interactions. Optimal pathway‐extended SVMs predicted responses in …

Automated Office Blood Pressure Measurement For The Diagnosis Of Hypertension, Guido Filler, Maria E Díaz-González De Ferris

Paediatrics Publications

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