Medical Specialties Commons^™

Evidence-Based Medicine, Media, And Manipulation., Jens R Chapman, Karsten Wiechert, Jeffrey C Wang

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

Is There An Optimal Wound Closure Technique For Major Posterior Spine Surgery? A Systematic Review., Emre Yilmaz, Ronen Blecher, Marc Moisi, Chandra Ankush, Thomas M O'Lynnger, Amir Abdul-Jabbar, Joseph R Dettori, Rod J Oskouian

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Study Design: Systematic review.

Objectives: In patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion: (1) What are the types and risks of wound complications in major (≥3 levels) surgery, and does the risk vary by number of levels fused? (2) What types of fascial closure result in the fewest wound complications? (3) What subcutaneous closure technique is more effective in preventing wound complications for obese patients (body mass index >30 kg/m

Methods: Electronic databases and reference lists of key articles were searched from January 1, 2000 to December 4, 2017 to identify studies meeting inclusion criteria.

Results: Six lower quality retrospective studies (evidence …

The Tentorium Cerebelli: A Comprehensive Review Including Its Anatomy, Embryology, And Surgical Techniques., Rabjot Rai, Joe Iwanaga, Gaffar Shokouhi, Rod J Oskouian, R Shane Tubbs

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

The tentorium cerebelli functions as a partition, dispelling the burden of weight from supratentorial structures upon inferior brain matter. Clinicians and neurosurgeons, when assessing pathological findings, should have knowledge regarding the tentorium cerebelli anatomy. This work of literature is a comprehensive review of the tentorium cerebelli, including its anatomy, embryology, and clinical and surgical implications. The evolutionary pattern demonstrates sequential stages to higher mammalian lineage. An understanding of the complexity of the neurovascular structures and the anatomy of the tentorium cerebelli is crucial for surgical procedures by neurosurgeons.

The Incisive Canal: A Comprehensive Review., Sasha Lake, Joe Iwanaga, Shogo Kikuta, Rod J Oskouian, Marios Loukas, R Shane Tubbs

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

The incisive canal, also known as the nasopalatine canal, is an interosseous conduit through the anterior maxilla connecting the oral and nasal cavities. Within this canal lies the nasopalatine nerve and the vascular anastomosis between the greater palatine and sphenopalatine arteries. The embryology of the canal has led to interesting theories explaining its function. Efforts have been made to describe the morphometrics of the incisive canal by radiologic evaluation across sex and ethnicities. This paper aims to review the current literature on the embryology, anatomy, and clinical relevance of the incisive canal.

Fibroblasts As A Practical Alternative To Mesenchymal Stem Cells., Thomas E Ichim, Pete O'Heeron, Santosh Kesari

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy offers great potential for treatment of disease through the multifunctional and responsive ability of these cells. In numerous contexts, MSC have been shown to reduce inflammation, modulate immune responses, and provide trophic factor support for regeneration. While the most commonly used MSC source, the bone marrow provides relatively little starting material for cellular expansion, and requires invasive extraction means, fibroblasts are easily harvested in large numbers from various biological wastes. Additionally, in vitro expansion of fibroblasts is significantly easier given the robustness of these cells in tissue culture and shorter doubling time compared to typical …

A Multi-Center Phase Ii Study Of High Dose Interleukin-2 Sequenced With Vemurafenib In Patients With Braf-V600 Mutation Positive Metastatic Melanoma., Joseph I Clark, Jatinder Singh, Marc S Ernstoff, Christopher D Lao, Lawrence E Flaherty, Theodore F Logan, Brendan Curti, Sanjiv S Agarwala, Bret Taback, Lee Cranmer, Jose Lutzky, Theresa L Luna, Sandra Aung, David H Lawson

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

BACKGROUND: Preclinical studies suggest that BRAF inhibitors enhance anti-tumor immunity and antigen presentation. Combination BRAF inhibition with immunotherapy is an appealing therapeutic approach. We sequenced vemurafenib with HD IL-2 in patients with BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma to improve long term outcomes.

METHODS: Eligible patients were HD IL-2 eligible with metastatic BRAF V600 mutated melanoma. Cohort 1 was treatment naïve and received vemurafenib 960 mg BID for 6 weeks before HD IL-2. Cohort 2 received vemurafenib for 7-18 weeks before enrollment. Both cohorts received HD IL-2 at 600,000 IU/kg every 8 h days 1-5 and days 15-19. The primary objective was to …

The Course Of The V2 Segment Of The Vertebral Arteries In Klippel-Feil Syndrome: A Case Report., Asad Rizvi, Joe Iwanaga, Rod J Oskouian, Marios Loukas, R Shane Tubbs

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Klippel-Feil syndrome is a congenital disorder characterized by the fusion of one or more cervical vertebrae leading to limitations in the rotation, extension, and flexion of the neck and possible neurological symptoms. Other abnormalities can also be found in these patients. The anatomy of the vasculature can be abnormal in these patients including variations in the course and origin of the vertebral arteries potentially leading to intra-operative complications. Herein, we report a case of Klippel-Feil syndrome and detail the course of the vertebral arteries in an osteological specimen.

Effect Of Comorbidity On Unplanned Readmissions After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (From The Nationwide Readmission Database)., Chun Shing Kwok, Sara C Martinez, Samir Pancholy, Waqar Ahmed, Khaled Al-Shaibi, Jessica Potts, Mohamed Mohamed, Evangelos Kontopantelis, Nick Curzen, Mamas A Mamas

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

It is unclear how comorbidity influences rates and causes of unplanned readmissions following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We analyzed patients in the Nationwide Readmission Database who were admitted to hospital between 2010 and 2014. The comorbidity burden as defined by the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Primary outcomes were 30-day readmission rates and causes of readmission according to comorbidity burden. A total of 2,294,346 PCI procedures were included the analysis. The patients in CCI = 0, 1, 2 and ≥3 were 842,272(36.7%), 701,476(30.6%), 347,537(15.1%) and 403,061(17.6%), respectively. 219,227(9.6%) had an unplanned readmission within 30 days and rates by CCI group were …

Lenalidomide Consolidation Benefits Patients With Cll Receiving Chemoimmunotherapy: Results For Calgb 10404 (Alliance)., John C Byrd, Amy S Ruppert, Nyla A Heerema, Alese E Halvorson, Eva Hoke, Mitchell R Smith, John E Godwin, Stephen Couban, Todd A Fehniger, Michael J Thirman, Martin S Tallman, Frederick R Appelbaum, Richard M Stone, Sue Robinson, Julie E Chang, Sumithra J Mandrekar, Richard A Larson

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Prior to novel targeted agents for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the best chemoimmunotherapy regimen in patients with non-del(11q) disease was unclear. The role of lenalidomide was also not defined. This phase 2 study randomized 342 untreated patients with non-del(11q) CLL requiring therapy to fludarabine plus rituximab (FR; n = 123), FR plus lenalidomide consolidation (FR+L; n = 109), or FR plus cyclophosphamide (FCR; n = 110) and compared 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates of each to the historical control rate with FC (60%). Patients with del(11q) in at least 20% of pretreatment cells continued with FCR (n = 27) or …

Radial Artery Injury With Attempted Intravenous Catheterization On The Dorsal Hand: A Case Report., Yusuf Alimi, Joe Iwanaga, Rod J Oskouian, Marios Loukas, R Shane Tubbs

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Intravenous (IV) access on the dorsum of the hand is of high clinical significance. As it is possible for an arterial injury during IV access on the dorsum of the hand to occur, clinicians and healthcare providers should be cognizant of regional anatomy and anatomical variations during IV placement so as to prevent injuries to the radial artery. We report a case of an injury to the radial artery with an attempted hand IV placement in a cadaver and suggest possible ways to prevent this complication.

Perspectives In Melanoma: Meeting Report From The Melanoma Bridge (30 November-2 December, 2017, Naples, Italy)., Paolo A Ascierto, Igor Puzanov, Sanjiv S Agarwala, Carlo Bifulco, Gerardo Botti, Corrado Caracò, Gennaro Ciliberto, Michael A Davies, Reinhard Dummer, Soldano Ferrone, Thomas F Gajewski, Claus Garbe, Jason J Luke, Francesco M Marincola, Giuseppe Masucci, Janice M Mehnert, Nicola Mozzillo, Giuseppe Palmieri, Michael A Postow, Stephen P Schoenberger, Ena Wang, Magdalena Thurin

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Metastatic melanoma represents a challenging clinical situation and, until relatively recently, there was an absence of effective treatment options. However, in 2011, the advanced melanoma treatment landscape was revolutionised with the approval of the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab and the selective BRAF kinase inhibitor vemurafenib, both of which significantly improved overall survival. Since then, availability of new immunotherapies, especially the anti-programmed death-1 checkpoint inhibitors, as well as other targeted therapies, have further improved outcomes for patients with advanced melanoma. Seven years on from the first approval of these novel therapies, evidence for the use of various immune-based and …

Protection From Chemotherapy- And Antibiotic-Mediated Dysbiosis Of The Gut Microbiota By A Probiotic With Digestive Enzymes Supplement., Thomas E Ichim, Santosh Kesari, Kim Shafer

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

There are numerous downstream consequences of marketed drugs like antineoplastic agents on the gut microbiome, an effect that is suggested to contribute to adverse event profiles and may also influence drug responses. In cancer, progress is needed toward modulation of the host microbiome to prevent off-target side effects of drugs such as gastrointestinal mucositis that result from gut dysbiosis. The objective of this study was evaluation of the bioactivity of a supplement consisting of capsules with a blend of 9 probiotic organisms of the genera

Co-Expression Of Cd39 And Cd103 Identifies Tumor-Reactive Cd8 T Cells In Human Solid Tumors., Thomas Duhen, Rebekka Duhen, Ryan Montler, Jake Moses, Tarsem Moudgil, Noel F De Miranda, Cheri P Goodall, Tiffany C Blair, Bernard A Fox, Jason E Mcdermott, Shu-Ching Chang, Gary Grunkemeier, Rom Leidner, Richard Bryan Bell, Andrew D Weinberg

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Identifying tumor antigen-specific T cells from cancer patients has important implications for immunotherapy diagnostics and therapeutics. Here, we show that CD103+CD39+ tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells (CD8 TIL) are enriched for tumor-reactive cells both in primary and metastatic tumors. This CD8 TIL subset is found across six different malignancies and displays an exhausted tissue-resident memory phenotype. CD103+CD39+ CD8 TILs have a distinct T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, with T-cell clones expanded in the tumor but present at low frequencies in the periphery. CD103+CD39+ CD8 TILs also efficiently kill autologous tumor cells in a MHC-class I-dependent manner. Finally, higher frequencies of CD103+CD39+ CD8 …

Recurrent Tumor-Specific Regulation Of Alternative Polyadenylation Of Cancer-Related Genes., Zhuyi Xue, René L Warren, Ewan A Gibb, Daniel Macmillan, Johnathan Wong, Readman Chiu, S Austin Hammond, Chen Yang, Ka Ming Nip, Catherine A Ennis, Abigail Hahn, Sheila Reynolds, Inanc Birol

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

BACKGROUND: Alternative polyadenylation (APA) results in messenger RNA molecules with different 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs), affecting the molecules' stability, localization, and translation. APA is pervasive and implicated in cancer. Earlier reports on APA focused on 3' UTR length modifications and commonly characterized APA events as 3' UTR shortening or lengthening. However, such characterization oversimplifies the processing of 3' ends of transcripts and fails to adequately describe the various scenarios we observe.

RESULTS: We built a cloud-based targeted de novo transcript assembly and analysis pipeline that incorporates our previously developed cleavage site prediction tool, KLEAT. We applied this pipeline to …

Perspectives In Immunotherapy: Meeting Report From The Immunotherapy Bridge (29-30 November, 2017, Naples, Italy)., Paolo A Ascierto, James Brugarolas, Luigi Buonaguro, Lisa H Butterfield, David Carbone, Bruno Daniele, Robert Ferris, Bernard A Fox, Jérôme Galon, Cesare Gridelli, Howard L Kaufman, Christopher A Klebanoff, Ignacio Melero, Paul Nathan, Chrystal M Paulos, Marco Ruella, Ryan Sullivan, Hassane Zarour, Igor Puzanov

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Immunotherapy represents the third important wave in the history of the systemic treatment of cancer after chemotherapy and targeted therapy and is now established as a potent and effective treatment option across several cancer types. The clinical success of anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4, first, and anti-programmed death (PD)-1/PD-ligand (L)1 agents in melanoma and other cancers a few years later, has encouraged increasing focus on the development of other immunotherapies (e.g. monoclonal antibodies with other immune targets, adoptive cell transfer, and vaccines), with over 3000 immuno-oncology trials ongoing, involving hundreds of research institutes across the globe. The potential use of these …

Brain Herniation Through The Cribriform Plate: Review And Comparison To Encephaloceles In The Same Region., Rabjot Rai, Joe Iwanaga, Marios Loukas, Rod J Oskouian, R Shane Tubbs

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Herniations of the brain and/or meninges through an opening of the skull often occur through the foramen magnum, e.g., Chiari malformations and encephaloceles. The herniation of brain matter through the cribriform plate is a rare incident and has not been reported frequently. The presence of such an occurrence still requires attention and anatomical understanding. This review will examine the potential causes of cribriform plate herniation and its distinguishability to nasal encephaloceles. The sloping of brain tissue toward potential space/opening in response to elevated pressures in the cranium to accommodate for the added pressure are features seen in herniation. The presence …

A Case Report Of An Enlarged Suboccipital Nerve With Cutaneous Branch., Sasha Lake, Joe Iwanaga, Rod J Oskouian, Marios Loukas, R Shane Tubbs

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Variations of the suboccipital nerve are infrequently reported. This nerve derived from the C1 spinal nerve is usually a small branch that primarily innervates the short suboccipital muscles. During the routine dissection of the occipital region in an adult cadaver, a vastly enlarged left-sided suboccipital nerve was identified. The nerve innervated the short suboccipital muscles and overlying semispinalis capitis in normal fashion. However, it continued cranially to end in the overlying skin of the occiput. Although not normally thought to have a cutaneous branch, recalcitrant occipital neuralgia might be due to such a variant branch. Future studies are necessary to …

Superior Cerebellar Arteries Originating From The Posterior Cerebral Arteries But Normal Course Of The Oculomotor Nerves., Dominic Dalip, Joe Iwanaga, Marios Loukas, Rod J Oskouian, R Shane Tubbs

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is a branch of the terminal part of the basilar artery and perfuses the temporal lobes, midbrain, thalamus, and the posterior inferior portion of the parietal lobes. It is divided into P1-P4 segments. Variations in the P1 segment of the PCA are important to neurosurgeons when performing surgery, for example, on basilar tip aneurysms. We report bilateral superior cerebellar artery (SCA) arising from the P1 segment of the PCA. Such a configuration appears to be uncommon but should be kept in mind by neurosurgeons, neurointerventionalists, and neuroradiologists.

The Effect Of Abnormal Vitamin D Levels In Athletes., Jakub Sikora-Klak, Steven J Narvy, Justin Yang, Eric Makhni, F Daniel Kharrazi, Nima Mehran

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Vitamin D is a lipophilic prohormone integral to musculoskeletal, autoimmune, oncologic, cardiovascular, and mental health. Of particular importance to the orthopedic surgeon is the role of vitamin D in the regulation of bone mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. Although vitamin D-related skeletal pathologies are rare in industrialized nations, emerging research in the field has shown that most American adults have inadequate levels of vitamin D. Even among athletes, there is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, which may place competitors at risk of stress fractures, illness, and delayed muscle recovery. Adequately identifying vitamin D-deficient individuals in need of …

Digital Health Practices, Social Media Use, And Mental Well-Being Among Teens And Young Adults In The U.S., Victoria Rideout, Susannah Fox, Well Being Trust

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

A national survey of 14- to 22-year-olds provides new evidence on the growing mental health crisis affecting young people. The survey, sponsored by Hopelab and Well Being Trust (WBT), finds that large numbers of teens and young adults experiencing moderate to severe symptoms of depression are turning to the internet for help, including researching mental health issues online (90 percent), accessing other people’s health stories through blogs, podcasts, and videos (75 percent), using mobile apps related to well-being (38 percent), and connecting with health providers through digital tools such as texting and video chat (32 percent).

“This survey suggests that …

Comparative Effectiveness Of Secukinumab And Etanercept In Biologic-Naïve Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis Assessed By Matching-Adjusted Indirect Comparison., Philip Mease, Ernest Choy, Peter Nash, Chrysostomos Kalyvas, Matthias Hunger, Luminita Pricop, Kunal K Gandhi, Steffen M Jugl, Howard Thom

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

OBJECTIVE: Matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) can be used to assess the comparative effectiveness of two treatments indirectly using data from randomized placebo-controlled trials. This MAIC assessed the comparative effectiveness of secukinumab (an anti-interleukin-17A) and etanercept (a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor) in a target population of biologic-naïve patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

METHODS: Individual patient data pooled from FUTURE 2 (NCT01752634), FUTURE 3 (NCT01989468), and FUTURE 5 (NCT02404350) (secukinumab: 150 mg, n=458 and 300 mg, n=461) were matched to data from the population in the NCT00317499 trial (etanercept 25 mg, n=101) using MAIC methodology, by adjusting for clinical and demographic baseline …

Cardiac Mri T2* In Liver Transplant Candidates: Application And Performance Of A Novel Imaging Technique To Identify Patients At Risk For Poor Posttransplant Cardiac Outcomes., Sara M Lewin, Kimberly Kallianos, M Ilan Nevah, Susan Zhao, Oren K Fix, Gabriel C Brooks, Teresa De Marco, Atif N Qasim, Karen G Ordovas, Neil Mehta

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Background: In end-stage liver disease, alterations in iron metabolism can lead to iron overload and development of iron overload cardiomyopathy. In liver transplant candidates, evaluation for cardiac iron overload and dysfunction can help to identify candidates at increased risk for peritransplant morbidity and mortality, though recommendations for pretransplant evaluation of cardiac iron overload are not standardized. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging T2* (CMRI-T2*) is a validated method to quantify cardiac iron deposition, with normal T2* value of 20 ms or greater. In this study, we sought to identify the incidence and predictors of iron overload by CMRI-T2* and to evaluate the …

Assessment Of Bulbar Function In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Validation Of A Self-Report Scale (Center For Neurologic Study Bulbar Function Scale)., R A Smith, E A Macklin, K J Myers, G L Pattee, K L Goslin, G D Meekins, J R Green, J M Shefner, E P Pioro

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Impaired bulbar functions of speech and swallowing are among the most serious consequences of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite this, clinical trials in ALS have rarely emphasized bulbar function as an endpoint. The rater-administered Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) or various quality-of-life measures are commonly used to measure symptomatic benefit. Accordingly, we sought to evaluate the utility of measures specific to bulbar function in ALS.

METHODS: We assessed bulbar functions in 120 patients with ALS, with clinicians first making direct observations of the degree of speech, swallowing and salivation impairment in these subjects. Clinical diagnosis …

Complement Factor D Protects Mice From Ethanol-Induced Inflammation And Liver Injury., Rebecca L Mccullough, Megan R Mcmullen, Megan M Sheehan, Kyle L Poulsen, Sanjoy Roychowdhury, Dian J Chiang, Michele T Pritchard, Juan Caballeria, Laura E Nagy

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Complement plays a crucial role in microbial defense and clearance of apoptotic cells. Emerging evidence suggests complement is an important contributor to alcoholic liver disease. While complement component 1, Q subcomponent (C1q)-dependent complement activation contributes to ethanol-induced liver injury, the role of the alternative pathway in ethanol-induced injury is unknown. Activation of complement via the classical and alternative pathways was detected in alcoholic hepatitis patients. Female C57BL/6J [wild type (WT)], C1q-deficient ( C1qa

Worsening Choreoathetosis In Huntington's Disease With Fluoxetine, Lisdexamfetamine, And Melatonin: A Case Report., Clayton J Hamilton, Tysen K Timmer, Robert C Munjal, Fernando Cardozo-Pelaez, Ian R Mcgrane

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Cognitive, affective, and sleep disturbances can be found in patients with Huntington's disease (HD), and medications used to treat these HD-related sequela can also impact HD-related movement disorders. We present the case of a 52-year-old Caucasian man with previously undiagnosed HD who exhibited significant choreoathetoid movements that improved with discontinuation of fluoxetine and lisdexamfetamine upon hospital admission. Following diagnosis of HD through genetic testing, he was administered 5mg of oral melatonin on two consecutive evenings, which resulted in worsening choreoathetosis. We calculated Naranjo adverse event scores of 5, 5, and 2 for fluoxetine, lisdexamfetamine, and melatonin, respectively, based on our …

Duplication Of The Alar Ligaments: A Case Report., Asad Rizvi, Joe Iwanaga, Rod J Oskouian, Marios Loukas, R Shane Tubbs

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

The alar ligament is one of the two strongest ligaments stabilizing the craniocervical junction. The literature describes many variations of the attachment, insertion, shape, and orientation of the alar ligament and an understanding of these variations is vital as they can lead to altered biomechanics or misinterpretation on imaging. Herein, we report, to our knowledge, the first case of duplication of the alar ligaments and discuss the anatomical variations present in the literature.

Correction To: First Results On Survival From A Large Phase 3 Clinical Trial Of An Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccine In Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma., Linda M Liau, Keyoumars Ashkan, David D Tran, Jian L Campian, John E Trusheim, Charles S Cobbs, Jason A Heth, Michael Salacz, Sarah Taylor, Stacy D D'Andre, Fabio M Iwamoto, Edward J Dropcho, Yaron A Moshel, Kevin A Walter, Clement P Pillainayagam, Robert Aiken, Rekha Chaudhary, Samuel A Goldlust, Daniela A Bota, Paul Duic, Jai Grewal, Heinrich Elinzano, Steven A Toms, Kevin O Lillehei, Tom Mikkelsen, Tobias Walbert, Steven R Abram, Andrew J Brenner, Steven Brem, Matthew G Ewend, Simon Khagi, Jana Portnow, Lyndon J Kim, William G Loudon, Reid C Thompson, David E Avigan, Karen L Fink, Francois J Geoffroy, Scott Lindhorst, Jose Lutzky, Andrew E Sloan, Gabriele Schackert, Dietmar Krex, Hans-Jorg Meisel, Julian Wu, Raphael P Davis, Christopher Duma, Arnold B Etame, David Mathieu, Santosh Kesari, David Piccioni, Manfred Westphal, David S Baskin, Pamela Z New, Michel Lacroix, Sven-Axel May, Timothy J Pluard, Victor Tse, Richard M Green, John L Villano, Michael Pearlman, Kevin Petrecca, Michael Schulder, Lynne P Taylor, Anthony E Maida, Robert M Prins, Timothy F Cloughesy, Paul Mulholland, Marnix L Bosch

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported an error in the spelling of one of the author names. In this Correction the incorrect and correct author names are indicated and the author name has been updated in the original publication. The authors also reported an error in the Methods section of the original article. In this Correction the incorrect and correct versions of the affected sentence are indicated. The original article has not been updated with regards to the error in the Methods section.

A Variant Origin Of The Carotid Sinus Nerve., Kevlian Andrew, Joe Iwanaga, Marios Loukas, Rod J Oskouian, R Shane Tubbs

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

The carotid sinus nerve is known to convey baroreceptive fibers from the carotid sinus. Despite studies on the baroreflex pathway and the course and communications of the carotid sinus nerve with the surrounding nervous and vascular structures, there have been scant reports on variations in the origin of the carotid sinus nerve (CSN). We identified an unusual origin of the CSN. On the right side of a cadaveric specimen, the CSN was found to arise from two small rami extending from the external laryngeal nerve. Such a case can help better understand various pathways used to monitor the carotid sinus. …

A Variant Of The Sciatic Nerve And Its Clinical Implications., Graham Dupont, Florence Unno, Joe Iwanaga, Rod J Oskouian, R Shane Tubbs

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Variants of gluteal neural anatomy are important to consider, especially during surgical approaches to the hip. During the routine dissection of the gluteal region, a variant of the sciatic nerve was found where the nerve left the pelvis fully split into its tibial and common fibular components. Intrapelvically and extrapelvically, there was no splitting of the two components by the piriformis muscle. Distally, the two parts of the nerve were draped over the medial and lateral edges of the ischial tuberosity. To avoid iatrogenic injury to the sciatic nerve during invasive or surgical approaches to this region, all possible anatomical …

The Role Of The Axillary Arch Variant In Neurovascular Syndrome Of Brachial Plexus Compression., Rabjot Rai, Joe Iwanaga, Marios Loukas, Rod J Oskouian, R Shane Tubbs

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Axillary arch muscles are often found. In their course through this area, they might interfere with regional neurovascular structures. This case report will examine the presence of the axillary arch muscle and its implication in brachial plexus compression. During routine dissection of the left axilla and upper limb, a variant muscle (axillary arch muscle) was identified arising from the distal tendon of the latissimus dorsi and extending laterally to insert onto the deep surface of the tendon of insertion of the deltoid muscle. In adduction of the upper limb, the muscle was lax without compression of any underlying neurovascular structures. …