Medical Specialties Commons^™

Regulation Of Retinoic Acid Receptor Α By Protein Kinase C In B16 Mouse Melanoma Cells, Goran Boskovic, Dinakar Desai, Richard M. Niles

Biochemistry and Microbiology

We have previously found that retinoic acid stimulates the expression of protein kinase Cα (PKC) in B16 mouse melanoma cells. Because it has been reported that PKC can phosphorylate retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and alter its function, we determined whether changes in the level and/or activity of PKC could affect the expression or function of the RAR in B16 melanoma. Using in vivophosphorylation and band shift techniques, we could not demonstrate that altering PKC activity and/or protein level changed thein vivo phosphorylation of RARα. However activation of PKC resulted in increased RARα protein. Increased receptor protein correlated with …

Role Of Lipid Peroxidation And Antioxidant Enzymes In Omega 3 Fatty Acids Induced Suppression Of Breast Cancer Xenograft Growth In Mice, W. Elaine Hardman, Jesus Munoz Jr., Ivan L. Cameron

Biochemistry and Microbiology

Background:

Supplementing mice with high levels of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) increases the n-3 PUFAs in cell membranes, increases the susceptibility of the cells for lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreases the growth rate of mammary and other tumors. However, the results of an earlier study indicated that a factor in addition to LPO was involved in the reduction in tumor growth in n-3 PUFAs fed mice. Athymic mice bearing MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma xenografts, were fed fish oil concentrate (FOC) or control diets, with and without supplemental Vitamin E (2000 IU /kg diet) and were sacrificed both before …

Siva-1 Binds To And Inhibits Bcl-Xl-Mediated Protection Against Uv Radiation-Induced Apoptosis, Li Xue, Fei Chu, Yuan Cheng, Xiangjie Sun, Alip Borthakur, Manjunath Ramarao, Pramod Pandey, Mei Wu, Stuart F. Schlossman, Kanteti V. S. Prasad

Clinical & Translational Sciences

We previously cloned Siva-1 by using the cytoplasmic tail of CD27, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, as the bait in the yeast two-hybrid system. The Siva gene is organized into four exons that code for the predominant full-length Siva-1 transcript, whereas its alternate splice form, Siva-2, lacks exon 2 coding sequence. Various groups have demonstrated a role for Siva-1 in several apoptotic pathways. Interestingly, the proapoptotic properties of Siva-1 are lacking in Siva-2. The fact that Siva-1 is partly localized to mitochondria despite the absence of any mitochondrial targeting signal, it harbors a 20-aa-long putative amphipathic …

Therapeutic Electromagnetic Field Effects On Angiogenesis And Tumor Growth, C. Douglas Williams, Marko S. Markov, W. Elaine Hardman, Ivan L. Cameron

Biochemistry and Microbiology

Background: A new approach to cancer therapy based on the application of therapeutic electromagnetic fields (TEMF) has been developed by EMF Therapeutics, Inc., Chattanooga, TN, USA. This study was designed to assess the effect of TEMF on tumor vascularization and growth of murine 16/C mammmary adenocarcinoma cells in C3H/HeJ mice.

Materials and Methods: Implanted tumors were allowed to grow for seven days until the tumor volume reached 100 mm3 before treatment was started. Mice (20 per control, 10 per EMF exposed group) received treatment (10 minutes per day with 0, 10 mT, 15 mT or 20 mT) with a 120 …

Helicobacter Pylori Serology And The Diagnosis Of H. Pylori Infection In Children, Yoram Elitsur, Rafah Aflak, Cheryl Neace, W. E. Triest

Biochemistry and Microbiology

Serological screening accuracy rate may be dependent on clinical and pathological determinants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of Hp serology test (Roche Biomedical Lab., Labcorp), In the diagnosis of Hp infection in 121 children who were seen in the Pediatric Gastoenterology Clinic at the Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine In Huntington. Positive serology detected children with Hpassociated gastritis with a sensitivity of 51.6%. Positive serology significantly correlated with the degree of gastric inflammation and density of Hp organisms in the gastric mucosa (ANOVA p < 0.001). The Labcorp. Hp-ELISA test had a poor accuracy rate for the detection of Hp-gastritis in children. Gastric biopsies should always be performed to establish the diagnosis of Hp infection in children.

Vitamin A And Cancer, Richard M. Niles

Biochemistry and Microbiology

Vitamin A, its physiological metabolites and synthetic derivatives (retinoids) have been shown to have protective effects against the development of certain types of cancer. In addition, pharmacological amounts of retinoids have been used with some success in the treatment of a few human tumors. The chemoprevention effect of retinoids is most likely exerted at the tumor promotion phase of carcinogenesis. Retinoids block tumor promotion by either inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, inducing differentiation, or a combination of these actions. Clinically, isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) significantly decreases the incidence of second primary tumors in patients with head and neck cancer and also reduces …

Effect Of Receptor-Selective Retinoids On Growth And Differentiation Pathways In Mouse Melanoma Cells, Sejal H. Desai, Goran Boskovic, Linda L. Eastham, Marcia Dawson, Richard M. Niles

Biochemistry and Microbiology

Treatment of B16 mouse melanoma cells with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) results in inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of differentiation. Accompanying these events is an induction of retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) expression, an increase in protein kinase Cα (PKCα) expression, and enhanced activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcriptional activity. These cells express nuclear RARα and RARγ and nuclear retinoid X receptors (RXR) α and β constitutively. We tested the ability of receptor-selective retinoids to induce the biochemical changes found in ATRA-treated melanoma cells and also tested their effectiveness in decreasing anchorage-dependent and -independent growth. The RXR-selective ligand (2E,4E)-6-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatrienoic acid (SR11246) was …

Is Incapacity A Permanent Thing?, Shirley M. Neitch

Internal Medicine

No abstract provided.

Differential Expression Of Chemokines In A Mouse Model Of Wound Healing, Susan H. Jackman, Matthew B. Yoak, Shivaleela Keerthy, Bonnie L. Beaver

Biochemistry and Microbiology

Macrophages have a multifaceted role in wound healing. While their initial activity may be in the degradation and elimination of damaged tissue, macrophages also produce and secrete a variety of mediators that can participate in the repair process as well. To perform these functions, macrophages must be recruited to a wound site. Our purpose was to examine the temporal and spatial expression of macrophage chemoattracting cytokines (chemokines) at a surgical wound site. A surgical wound was prepared on the dorsal aspect of B6AFI/J mice. Biopsies were obtained from the wound and a comparable nonwounded area between 6 and 72 hr …

Dietary Fish Oil Sensitizes A549 Lung Xenografts To Doxorubicin Chemotherapy, W. Elaine Hardman, Mary Pat Moyer, Ivan L. Cameron

Biochemistry and Microbiology

A549 xenografts were allowed to grow in nude mice to about 5 mm in diameter, then diets were changed to modified AIN-76 diets containing 19% wt/wt. fish oil (FO) or 20% wt./wt. com oil (CO). Ten days later dietary ferric citrate (0.3% wt./dry wt.) was added and doxoribicin (DOX) treatment (3.6 mg/kg i.v. each of the 5 days for 18 days) commenced. Treatment with DOX halted the growth of tumors in the CO fed mice. However, in those mice, which consumed FO or FO with ferric citrate, treatment with DOX caused significant tumor regression.

Increased Matrix Synthesis Following Adenoviral Transfer Of A Transforming Growth Factor Beta1 Gene Into Articular Chondrocytes, Franklin D. Shuler Md, Phd, Helga I. Georgescu, Christopher Niyibizi, Rebecca K. Studer, Zhibao Mi, Brian Johnstone, Paul D. Robbins, Christopher H. Evans

Orthopaedics

Monolayer cultures of lapine articular chondrocytes were transduced with first-generation adenoviral vectors carrying lacZ or transforming growth factor β₁ genes under the transcriptional control of the human cytomegalovirus early promoter. High concentrations of transforming growth factor β₁ were produced by chondrocytes following transfer of the transforming growth factor β₁ gene but not the lacZ gene. Transduced chondrocytes responded to the elevated endogenous production of transforming growth factor β₁ by increasing their synthesis of proteoglycan, collagen, and noncollagenous proteins in a dose-dependent fashion. The increases in collagen synthesis were not accompanied by alterations in the collagen phenotype; …

Transfer Of Lacz Marker Gene To The Meniscus, Hideyuki Goto Md, Franklin D. Shuler Md, Phd, Chanin Lamsam Md, Hans D. Moller Md, Christopher Niyibizi Phd, Freddie H. Fu Md, Paul D. Robbins Phd, Christopher H. Evans Phd

Orthopaedics

Background: Lesions in the avascular two-thirds of the meniscus do not heal well and are of concern clinically. Various growth factors promote the synthesis of matrix by meniscal cells and thus have the potential to augment healing. However, their clinical application is severely hindered by problems with delivery. An attractive approach to overcoming such problems is to transfer genes that encode the growth factors in question to the site of the injury. As a prelude to this, we evaluated methods for delivering genes to the meniscus.

Methods: Gene transfer was evaluated in vitro and in vivo with a lacZ marker …

A Cross-Validation Of The Marshall University Step Test On College Males And Females Age 18-24, Mary Robin Hampton

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Positive health entails more than the absence of disease; it is a state of physical, mental, and social well-being (Hartung, Krock, Crandall, Bisson, & Myhre, 1993; Payne & Hahn, 1995). Physical fitness, as described by Francis (1987), is the potential for making adequate functional adjustments to increased metabolic demands. Cardiorespiratory fitness (aerobic fitness) is believed to be the single best indicator of physical fitness (Astrand & Rodale, 1985). The standard index of cardiorespiratory fitness is maximum oxygen uptake (VO^^), or the maximum rate at which oxygen can be consumed. VO2max is dependent upon the cardiovascular system’s ability to deliver blood …

Oral History Interview: Dr. Don V. Hatton And Jane Hatton, Don V. Hatton, Jane Hatton

0064: Marshall University Oral History Collection

Dr. Don V. Hatton was a physician and public health specialist in both West Virginia and Kentucky beginning in the 1930s. During his interview, Dr. Hatton discusses Appalachia and focuses on the definition of the region and what it means to be Appalachian. He also discusses his transition from being a public health specialist focused on preventative medicine to a practicing internal medicine physician. In the audio clip provided, he compares and contrasts his public health work in West Virginia and Kentucky through a focus on physical environment, education, and socioeconomic status. Throughout this interview, Dr. Hatton’s wife, Jane Hatton, …