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Articles 571 - 600 of 769

Full-Text Articles in Medical Specialties

Impact Of Dietary Walnuts, A Nutraceutical Option, On Circulating Markers Of Metabolic Dysregulation In A Rodent Cachectic Tumor Model, Lauri O. Byerley, Hsiao Man Chang, Brittany Lorenzen, Jessie Guidry, W. Elaine Hardman Nov 2022

Impact Of Dietary Walnuts, A Nutraceutical Option, On Circulating Markers Of Metabolic Dysregulation In A Rodent Cachectic Tumor Model, Lauri O. Byerley, Hsiao Man Chang, Brittany Lorenzen, Jessie Guidry, W. Elaine Hardman

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Nutraceutical foods, like walnuts which are rich in immunonutrients, can have medicinal benefits. Dietary walnuts have been shown to slow or prevent tumor growth in mice genetically programmed to grow breast or prostate tumors. This study investigated whether walnuts could exert the same preventable effect in a transplantable carcinoma rat model. Methods: Eighteen rats were randomly fed a diet containing walnuts (10% of food by weight), and 36 were fed a diet without walnuts (control) for 21 days. On day 22, 18 control diet rats were switched to the walnut diet. All other animals remained on their same diet. …

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Subtype C Hiv-1 Reservoirs Throughout The Body In Art-Suppressed Individuals, Zhou Liu, Peter Julius, Guobin Kang, John T. West, Charles Wood Oct 2022

Subtype C Hiv-1 Reservoirs Throughout The Body In Art-Suppressed Individuals, Zhou Liu, Peter Julius, Guobin Kang, John T. West, Charles Wood

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Subtype B HIV-1 reservoirs have been intensively investigated, but reservoirs in other subtypes and how they respond to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is substantially less established. To characterize subtype C HIV-1 reservoirs, we implemented postmortem frozen, as well as formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue sampling of central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues. HIV-1 LTR, gag, envelope (env) DNA and RNA was quantified using genomic DNA and RNA extracted from frozen tissues. RNAscope was used to localize subtype C HIV-1 DNA and RNA in FFPE tissue. Despite uniform viral load suppression in our cohort, PCR results showed that subtype C …

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Objective Evaluation Of Clock Face Suture Using The Objective Structured Assessment Of Technical Skill Checklist, Lucille Treil, Nicole Neumann, Nicolas Chanes, Anne Lejay, Tristan Bourcier, Jean Bismuth, Jason T. Lee, Malachi Sheahan, Anne Florence Rouby, Nabil Chakfé, John Eidt, Yannick Georg, Erica Leith Mitchell, David Rigberg, Murray Shames, Fabien Thaveau, Claudie Sheahan Oct 2022

Objective Evaluation Of Clock Face Suture Using The Objective Structured Assessment Of Technical Skill Checklist, Lucille Treil, Nicole Neumann, Nicolas Chanes, Anne Lejay, Tristan Bourcier, Jean Bismuth, Jason T. Lee, Malachi Sheahan, Anne Florence Rouby, Nabil Chakfé, John Eidt, Yannick Georg, Erica Leith Mitchell, David Rigberg, Murray Shames, Fabien Thaveau, Claudie Sheahan

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Objective: Assessment of the quality of the final product (QFP) is critical in simulation training, such as the clock face suture (CFS) exercise that is used to assess trainees’ needle handling and suturing accuracy. Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill (OSATS) scores are the gold standard for the evaluation of trainees. The aim was to investigate variability in the use of OSATS checklists and to evaluate a semi-automatic method of suture analysis vs. OSATS scores. Methods: Details of 287 CFSs performed by trainees during Fundamentals in Vascular Surgery examinations were collected. All were rated according to a seven item OSATS …

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Tachyarrhythmias During Hospitalization For Covid-19 Or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children And Adolescents, Audrey Dionne, Kevin G. Friedman, Cameron C. Young, Margaret M. Newhams, Suden Kucukak, Ashley M. Jackson, Julie C. Fitzgerald, Laura S. Smallcomb, Sabrina Heidemann, Gwenn E. Mclaughlin, Katherine Irby, Tamara T. Bradford, Steven M. Horwitz, Laura L. Loftis, Vijaya L. Soma, Courtney M. Rowan, Michele Kong, Natasha B. Halasa, Keiko M. Tarquinio, Adam J. Schwarz, Janet R. Hume, Shira J. Gertz, Katharine N. Clouser, Christopher L. Carroll, Kari Wellnitz, Melissa L. Cullimore, Sule Doymaz, Emily R. Levy Oct 2022

Tachyarrhythmias During Hospitalization For Covid-19 Or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children And Adolescents, Audrey Dionne, Kevin G. Friedman, Cameron C. Young, Margaret M. Newhams, Suden Kucukak, Ashley M. Jackson, Julie C. Fitzgerald, Laura S. Smallcomb, Sabrina Heidemann, Gwenn E. Mclaughlin, Katherine Irby, Tamara T. Bradford, Steven M. Horwitz, Laura L. Loftis, Vijaya L. Soma, Courtney M. Rowan, Michele Kong, Natasha B. Halasa, Keiko M. Tarquinio, Adam J. Schwarz, Janet R. Hume, Shira J. Gertz, Katharine N. Clouser, Christopher L. Carroll, Kari Wellnitz, Melissa L. Cullimore, Sule Doymaz, Emily R. Levy

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Cardiac complications related to COVID-19 in children and adolescents include ventricular dysfunction, myocarditis, coronary artery aneurysm, and bradyarrhythmias, but tachyarrhythmias are less understood. The goal of this study was to evaluate the frequency, characteristics, and outcomes of children and adolescents experiencing tachyarrhythmias while hospitalized for acute severe COVID-19 or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study involved a case series of 63 patients with tachyarrhythmias reported in a public health surveillance registry of patients aged 15, 2020, to December 31, 2021, at 63 US hospitals. Patients with tachyarrhythmias were compared with patients with severe COVID-19–related complications …

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Radiologist Versus Non-Radiologist Detection Of Lymph Node Metastasis In Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma By Ultrasound: A Meta-Analysis, Peter P. Issa, Lauren Mueller, Mohammad Hussein, Aaron Albuck, Mohamed Shama, Eman Toraih, Emad Kandil Oct 2022

Radiologist Versus Non-Radiologist Detection Of Lymph Node Metastasis In Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma By Ultrasound: A Meta-Analysis, Peter P. Issa, Lauren Mueller, Mohammad Hussein, Aaron Albuck, Mohamed Shama, Eman Toraih, Emad Kandil

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid cancer worldwide and is known to spread to adjacent neck lymphatics. Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is a known predictor of disease recurrence and is an indicator for aggressive resection. Our study aims to determine if ultrasound sonographers’ degree of training influences overall LNM detection. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus articles were searched and screened for relevant articles. Two investigators independently screened and extracted the data. Diagnostic test parameters were determined for all studies, studies reported by radiologists, and studies reported by non-radiologists. The total sample size amounted to 5768 patients and 10,030 …

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Sex Differences In Determinants Of Covid-19 Severe Outcomes – Findings From The National Covid Cohort Collaborative (N3c), Yilin Yoshida, San Chu, Sarah Fox, Yuanhao Zu, Dragana Lovre, Joshua L. Denson, Lucio Miele, Franck Mauvais-Jarvis Oct 2022

Sex Differences In Determinants Of Covid-19 Severe Outcomes – Findings From The National Covid Cohort Collaborative (N3c), Yilin Yoshida, San Chu, Sarah Fox, Yuanhao Zu, Dragana Lovre, Joshua L. Denson, Lucio Miele, Franck Mauvais-Jarvis

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Objective: The impact of comorbidities and biomarkers on COVID-19 severity vary by sex but have not yet been verified in population-based studies. We examined the association of comorbidities, inflammatory biomarkers, and severe outcomes in men and women hospitalized for COVID-19. Design: This is a retrospective cohort analysis based on the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C). We included 574,391 adult patients admitted for COVID-19 at hospitals or emergency rooms between 01/01/2020 and 12/31/2021. Methods: We defined comorbidities at or before the first admission for COVID-19 by Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and CCI components. We used the averaged lab values taken within …

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Pilot Study Of Minimally Adherent Silver Dressings For Acute Surgical Wounds, Meredyth B. Berard, Frank H. Lau Oct 2022

Pilot Study Of Minimally Adherent Silver Dressings For Acute Surgical Wounds, Meredyth B. Berard, Frank H. Lau

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background and Aims: Minimally adherent silver dressings (SILVER MASD) are antimicrobial, nonirritating, provide a moist wound healing environment, and low cost. The purpose of this pilot, single-center, non-blinded randomized controlled trial was to quantify the outcomes of acute surgical wounds treated with MASD versus standard of care (SoC) dressings. Methods: Thirty-two patients with acute wounds were randomized 1:1 to be treated with MASD once weekly or SoC following surgical excision of skin and/or subcutaneous tissue between September 13, 2016 and November 28, 2017. The outcome variables included clinical infection, time to wound closure, and pain scores at dressing changes. Two …

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Employing Respondent Driven Sampling (Rds) To Recruit People Who Inject Drugs (Pwid) And Other Hard-To-Reach Populations During Covid-19: Lessons Learned, Roberto Abadie, Patrick Habecker, Kimberly Gocchi Carrasco, Kathy S. Chiou, Samodha Fernando, Sydney J. Bennett, Aníbal Valentin-Acevedo, Kirk Dombrowski, John T. West, Charles Wood Oct 2022

Employing Respondent Driven Sampling (Rds) To Recruit People Who Inject Drugs (Pwid) And Other Hard-To-Reach Populations During Covid-19: Lessons Learned, Roberto Abadie, Patrick Habecker, Kimberly Gocchi Carrasco, Kathy S. Chiou, Samodha Fernando, Sydney J. Bennett, Aníbal Valentin-Acevedo, Kirk Dombrowski, John T. West, Charles Wood

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) is an effective sampling strategy to recruit hard-to-reach populations but the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of this strategy in the collection of data involving human subjects, particularly among marginalized and vulnerable populations, is not known. Based on an ongoing study using RDS to recruit and study the interactions between HIV infection, injection drug use, and the microbiome in Puerto Rico, this paper explores the effectiveness of RDS during the pandemic and provided potential strategies that could improve recruitment and data collection. Results: RDS was employed to evaluate its effectiveness in recruiting …

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Ultraviolet Light Exposure Decreases Thyroid Cancer Risk: A National Perspective, Tessa R. Lavorgna, Mohammad Hussein, Peter P. Issa, Eman Toraih, Emad Kandil Oct 2022

Ultraviolet Light Exposure Decreases Thyroid Cancer Risk: A National Perspective, Tessa R. Lavorgna, Mohammad Hussein, Peter P. Issa, Eman Toraih, Emad Kandil

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Ultraviolet (UV) light has been reported to have both pro-oncogenic and anti-oncogenic effects. Since patient pigmentation can influence the role of UV light exposure, we thought to investigate the recent trends in thyroid cancer incidence and survival with an emphasis on patient race and UV exposure. Patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were identified. A total of 284,178 patients were enrolled. Data were stratified according to population sex, race, and state. UV exposure data in Watt-Hours Per Square Meter for the state were obtained from the National Cancer Institute Cancer Atlas. Thyroid …

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Radiofrequency Ablation Of Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules: The First North American Comparative Analysis, Peter P. Issa, Mahmoud Omar, Chad P. Issa, Yusef Buti, Mohammad Hussein, Mohamed Aboueisha, Ali Abdelhady, Mohamed Shama, Grace S. Lee, Eman Toraih, Emad Kandil Oct 2022

Radiofrequency Ablation Of Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules: The First North American Comparative Analysis, Peter P. Issa, Mahmoud Omar, Chad P. Issa, Yusef Buti, Mohammad Hussein, Mohamed Aboueisha, Ali Abdelhady, Mohamed Shama, Grace S. Lee, Eman Toraih, Emad Kandil

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Thyroid nodules can be classified as benign, malignant, or indeterminate, the latter of which make up 10–30% of nodules. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has become an attractive and promising therapy for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules. However, few studies have investigated the safety and efficacy of RFA for the management of indeterminate thyroid nodules. In this study, 178 patients with thyroid nodules diagnosed as benign (Bethesda II) or indeterminate (Bethesda III/IV) by preoperative cytopathological analysis were included. Patients in the benign and indeterminate cohorts had similar thyroid nodule volume reduction rates at 65.60% and 64.20%, respectively (p = 0.68). The …

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Diagnostic Accuracy Of Ultrasound In Predicting Extrathyroidal Extension And Its Relation To Body Mass Index In A North American Population, Mahmoud Omar, Abdallah S. Attia, Peter P. Issa, Bryce R. Christensen, Kavin Sugumar, Ahmed Alnahla, Deena Hadedeya, Hosam Shalaby, Neel Gupta, Mohamed Shama, Eman Toraih, Emad Kandil Sep 2022

Diagnostic Accuracy Of Ultrasound In Predicting Extrathyroidal Extension And Its Relation To Body Mass Index In A North American Population, Mahmoud Omar, Abdallah S. Attia, Peter P. Issa, Bryce R. Christensen, Kavin Sugumar, Ahmed Alnahla, Deena Hadedeya, Hosam Shalaby, Neel Gupta, Mohamed Shama, Eman Toraih, Emad Kandil

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Detection of extrathyroidal extension (ETE) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) influences treatment plan and surgical aggressiveness. Ultrasound (US) is the long-standing preoperative imaging method of choice. Recent literature from Asia suggests US accuracy to be influenced by patient characteristics, such as body mass index (BMI). Here, we examine the effect of BMI on the accuracy of US at a North American tertiary referral center. A total of 204 PTC-confirmed patients were retrospectively read by a radiologist blinded to surgical pathology findings. The radiologist recorded multiple sonographic features, including ETE, loss of echogenic capsule, nodule vascularity, capsular abutment, and …

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Effect Of Yoga And Mindfulness Intervention On Symptoms Of Anxiety And Depression In Young Adolescents Attending Middle School: A Pragmatic Community-Based Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial In A Racially Diverse Urban Setting, Alessandra N. Bazzano, Yaoyao Sun, Vaughne Chavez-Gray, Temitope Akintimehin, Jeanette Gustat, Denise Barrera, Cody Roi Sep 2022

Effect Of Yoga And Mindfulness Intervention On Symptoms Of Anxiety And Depression In Young Adolescents Attending Middle School: A Pragmatic Community-Based Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial In A Racially Diverse Urban Setting, Alessandra N. Bazzano, Yaoyao Sun, Vaughne Chavez-Gray, Temitope Akintimehin, Jeanette Gustat, Denise Barrera, Cody Roi

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Mental health conditions in childhood and adolescence are increasing in the U.S. population and require early intervention, as highlighted by a recent Surgeon General’s Advisory on Protecting Youth Mental Health. These health issues, which have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, impair functioning, and may lead to longer term reductions in quality of life. Young adolescents are likely to experience stressors including academic pressure, feelings of loneliness and isolation, and excessive exposure to social media, all of which have been made worse by the pandemic and associated disruptions. Universal preventive programs at school serve as an important strategy for equipping …

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Cancer As A Channelopathy—Appreciation Of Complimentary Pathways Provides A Different Perspective For Developing Treatments, Harry J. [email protected] Gould, Dennis Paul Sep 2022

Cancer As A Channelopathy—Appreciation Of Complimentary Pathways Provides A Different Perspective For Developing Treatments, Harry J. [email protected] Gould, Dennis Paul

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Life depends upon the ability of cells to evaluate and adapt to a constantly changing environment and to maintain internal stability to allow essential biochemical reactions to occur. Ions and ion channels play a crucial role in this process and are essential for survival. Alterations in the expression of the transmembrane proteins responsible for maintaining ion balance that occur as a result of mutations in the genetic code or in response to iatrogenically induced changes in the extracellular environment is a characteristic feature of oncogenesis and identifies cancer as one of a constellation of diseases known as channelopathies. The classification …

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Gender Dysphoria And Its Non-Surgical And Surgical Treatments, Danyon Anderson, Himasa Wijetunge, Peyton Moore, Daniel Provenzano, Nathan Li, Jamal Hasoon, Omar Viswanath, Alan D. Kaye, Ivan Urits Sep 2022

Gender Dysphoria And Its Non-Surgical And Surgical Treatments, Danyon Anderson, Himasa Wijetunge, Peyton Moore, Daniel Provenzano, Nathan Li, Jamal Hasoon, Omar Viswanath, Alan D. Kaye, Ivan Urits

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Gender dysphoria is defined by severe or persistent distress associated with an incongruence between one’s gender identity and biological sex. It is estimated that 1.4 million Americans and 25 million people worldwide identify as transgender and that 0.6% of Americans experience gender dysphoria. The pathophysiology of gender dysphoria is multifactorial and incompletely understood. Genetics, androgen exposure, neuroanatomy, brain connectivity, history of trauma, parents with psychological disorders, and being raised by less than two parents are associated with gender dysphoria. Gender dysphoria most frequently presents in early teenage years but can present earlier or later. Anxiety and depression are the two …

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Kshv (Hhv8) Vaccine: Promises And Potential Pitfalls For A New Anti-Cancer Vaccine, Corey Casper, Lawrence Corey, Jeffrey I. Cohen, Blossom Damania, Anne A. Gershon, David C. Kaslow, Laurie T. Krug, Jeffrey Martin, Sam M. Mbulaiteye, Edward S. Mocarski, Patrick S. Moore, Javier Gordon Ogembo, Warren Phipps, Denise Whitby, Charles Wood Sep 2022

Kshv (Hhv8) Vaccine: Promises And Potential Pitfalls For A New Anti-Cancer Vaccine, Corey Casper, Lawrence Corey, Jeffrey I. Cohen, Blossom Damania, Anne A. Gershon, David C. Kaslow, Laurie T. Krug, Jeffrey Martin, Sam M. Mbulaiteye, Edward S. Mocarski, Patrick S. Moore, Javier Gordon Ogembo, Warren Phipps, Denise Whitby, Charles Wood

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Seven viruses cause at least 15% of the total cancer burden. Viral cancers have been described as the “low-hanging fruit” that can be potentially prevented or treated by new vaccines that would alter the course of global human cancer. Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV8) is the sole cause of Kaposi sarcoma, which primarily afflicts resource-poor and socially marginalized populations. This review summarizes a recent NIH-sponsored workshop’s findings on the epidemiology and biology of KSHV as an overlooked but potentially vaccine-preventable infection. The unique epidemiology of this virus provides opportunities to prevent its cancers if an effective, inexpensive, and well-tolerated …

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Cryptococcal Hsf3 Controls Intramitochondrial Ros Homeostasis By Regulating The Respiratory Process, Xindi Gao, Yi Fu, Shengyi Sun, Tingyi Gu, Yanjian Li, Tianshu Sun, Hailong Li, Wei Du, Chenhao Suo, Chao Li, Yiru Gao, Yang Meng, Yue Ni, Sheng Yang, Tian Lan, Sixiang Sai, Jiayi Li, Kun Yu, Ping Wang, Chen Ding Sep 2022

Cryptococcal Hsf3 Controls Intramitochondrial Ros Homeostasis By Regulating The Respiratory Process, Xindi Gao, Yi Fu, Shengyi Sun, Tingyi Gu, Yanjian Li, Tianshu Sun, Hailong Li, Wei Du, Chenhao Suo, Chao Li, Yiru Gao, Yang Meng, Yue Ni, Sheng Yang, Tian Lan, Sixiang Sai, Jiayi Li, Kun Yu, Ping Wang, Chen Ding

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Mitochondrial quality control prevents accumulation of intramitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (mtROS), thereby protecting cells against DNA damage, genome instability, and programmed cell death. However, underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood, particularly in fungal species. Here, we show that Cryptococcus neoformans heat shock factor 3 (CnHsf3) exhibits an atypical function in regulating mtROS independent of the unfolded protein response. CnHsf3 acts in nuclei and mitochondria, and nuclear- and mitochondrial-targeting signals are required for its organelle-specific functions. It represses the expression of genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle while promoting expression of genes involved in electron transfer chain. In addition, CnHsf3 responds …

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Sars-Cov-2 Invasion And Pathological Links To Prion Disease, Walter J. Lukiw, Vivian R. Jaber, Aileen I. Pogue, Yuhai Zhao Sep 2022

Sars-Cov-2 Invasion And Pathological Links To Prion Disease, Walter J. Lukiw, Vivian R. Jaber, Aileen I. Pogue, Yuhai Zhao

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the COVID-19 disease, is a highly infectious and transmissible viral pathogen that continues to impact human health globally. Nearly ~600 million people have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, and about half exhibit some degree of continuing health complication, generically referred to as long COVID. Lingering and often serious neurological problems for patients in the post-COVID-19 recovery period include brain fog, behavioral changes, confusion, delirium, deficits in intellect, cognition and memory issues, loss of balance and coordination, problems with vision, visual processing and hallucinations, encephalopathy, encephalitis, neurovascular or cerebrovascular insufficiency, and/or …

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Intersection Of Anxiety And Negative Coping Among Asian American Medical Students, Michelle B. Moore, David Yang, Amanda M. Raines, Rahn Kennedy Bailey, Waania Beg Sep 2022

Intersection Of Anxiety And Negative Coping Among Asian American Medical Students, Michelle B. Moore, David Yang, Amanda M. Raines, Rahn Kennedy Bailey, Waania Beg

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Purpose: Asian Americans comprise 21% of matriculating medical students in the United States but little is known about their mental health. With the growing focus on addressing the mental health of medical students, this systematic, nationwide survey assesses the relationship between anxiety and depression symptoms and coping skills among Asian American medical students. Materials and methods: A survey tool comprised of Patient Health Questionnaire-9, General Anxiety Disorder-7, and questions related to coping were emailed to members of the Asian Pacific American Medical Students Association enrolled in a United States medical school during the 2016–2017 academic year. We evaluated associations between …

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Cholecystitis Secondary To Salmonella Typhi: A Rare Pathology With An Unreported Management Option—A Case Report And Literature Review, Michael Ghio, Angelle Billiot, Jessica A. Zagory, Mary L. Brandt Sep 2022

Cholecystitis Secondary To Salmonella Typhi: A Rare Pathology With An Unreported Management Option—A Case Report And Literature Review, Michael Ghio, Angelle Billiot, Jessica A. Zagory, Mary L. Brandt

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: This report describes the presentation and course of treatment for one of the youngest reported cases of empyema of the gallbladder. Given the rare occurrence of this disease process, we elected to proceed with a systematic review of the literature. This is only the 7th case series discussing pediatric empyema of the gallbladder due to Salmonella typhi in the literature, and the second case ever reported in the USA. Case presentation: We report a case of a previously healthy 13-month-old girl who presented with diffuse peritonitis and equivocal imaging studies. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed purulent peritonitis. The gallbladder was distended …

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The Role Of Bariatric And Metabolic Surgery In The Development, Diagnosis, And Treatment Of Endometrial Cancer, Robert C. Ross, Yetunde M. Akinde, Philip R. Schauer, Carel W. Le Roux, Donal Brennan, Amelia M. Jernigan, Marco Bueter, Vance L. Albaugh Aug 2022

The Role Of Bariatric And Metabolic Surgery In The Development, Diagnosis, And Treatment Of Endometrial Cancer, Robert C. Ross, Yetunde M. Akinde, Philip R. Schauer, Carel W. Le Roux, Donal Brennan, Amelia M. Jernigan, Marco Bueter, Vance L. Albaugh

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

The obesity pandemic continues to contribute to a worsening burden of disease worldwide. The link between obesity and diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer has been well established, yet most patients living with obesity remain untreated or undertreated. Metabolic and bariatric surgery is the most effective and durable treatment for obesity, is safe, and may have a protective benefit with respect to cancer incidence. In this review, an overview of the link between obesity, metabolic surgery, and cancer is discussed with emphasis on indications for endometrial cancer, the malignancy most strongly associated with obesity. Considerable evidence from retrospective …

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Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation In The Care Of A Preterm Infant With Covid-19 Infection: Case Report, Jessica Patrick-Esteve, Christy Mumphrey, David Yu, Emily Masoumy, Jeremy Lawson, David Hebert, Brian Barkemeyer Aug 2022

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation In The Care Of A Preterm Infant With Covid-19 Infection: Case Report, Jessica Patrick-Esteve, Christy Mumphrey, David Yu, Emily Masoumy, Jeremy Lawson, David Hebert, Brian Barkemeyer

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) in December 2019 and has since unleashed a global pandemic, with over 518 million cases as of May 10, 2022. Neonates represent a very small proportion of those patients. Among reported cases of neonates with symptomatic COVID-19 infection, the rates of hospitalization remain low. Most reported cases in infants and neonates are community acquired with mild symptoms, most commonly fever, rhinorrhea and cough. Very few require intensive care or invasive support for acute infection. We present a case of a 2-month-old former 26-week gestation infant with a …

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Regional Research-Practice-Policy Partnerships In Response To Climate-Related Disparities: Promoting Health Equity In The Pacific, Lawrence A. Palinkas, Meaghan O’Donnell, Susan Kemp, Jemaima Tiatia, Yvonette Duque, Michael Spencer, Rupa Basu, Kristine Idda Del Rosario, Kristin Diemer, Bonifacio Doma, David Forbes, Kari Gibson, Joshua Graff-Zivin, Bruce M. Harris, Nicola Hawley, Jill Johnston, Fay Lauraya, Nora Elizabeth F. Maniquiz, Jay Marlowe, Gordon C. Mccord, Imogen Nicholls, Smitha Rao, Angela Kim Saunders, Salvatore Sortino, Benjamin F. Springgate, David Takeuchi, Janette Ugsang, Vivien Villaverde Aug 2022

Regional Research-Practice-Policy Partnerships In Response To Climate-Related Disparities: Promoting Health Equity In The Pacific, Lawrence A. Palinkas, Meaghan O’Donnell, Susan Kemp, Jemaima Tiatia, Yvonette Duque, Michael Spencer, Rupa Basu, Kristine Idda Del Rosario, Kristin Diemer, Bonifacio Doma, David Forbes, Kari Gibson, Joshua Graff-Zivin, Bruce M. Harris, Nicola Hawley, Jill Johnston, Fay Lauraya, Nora Elizabeth F. Maniquiz, Jay Marlowe, Gordon C. Mccord, Imogen Nicholls, Smitha Rao, Angela Kim Saunders, Salvatore Sortino, Benjamin F. Springgate, David Takeuchi, Janette Ugsang, Vivien Villaverde

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Although climate change poses a threat to health and well-being globally, a regional approach to addressing climate-related health equity may be more suitable, appropriate, and appealing to under-resourced communities and countries. In support of this argument, this commentary describes an approach by a network of researchers, practitioners, and policymakers dedicated to promoting climate-related health equity in Small Island Developing States and low- and middle-income countries in the Pacific. We identify three primary sets of needs related to developing a regional capacity to address physical and mental health disparities through research, training, and assistance in policy and practice implementation: (1) limited …

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Advancing Psychiatric Curricula Through A Diverse Lens, Rahn K. Bailey, Ronja R. Bodola, Ayush Arora Aug 2022

Advancing Psychiatric Curricula Through A Diverse Lens, Rahn K. Bailey, Ronja R. Bodola, Ayush Arora

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Retrospective Identification Of Infection In The Emergency Department: A Significant Challenge In Sepsis Clinical Trials, Catherine S. O'Neal, Diana Hamer, Mandi W. Musso, Terrell S. Caffery, Morgan K. Walker, Katherine W. Lavie, Matthew S. Berlinger, Christopher B. Thomas, Shannon M. Alwood, Tonya Jagneaux, Michael A. Sanchez, Hollis R. O'Neal Aug 2022

Retrospective Identification Of Infection In The Emergency Department: A Significant Challenge In Sepsis Clinical Trials, Catherine S. O'Neal, Diana Hamer, Mandi W. Musso, Terrell S. Caffery, Morgan K. Walker, Katherine W. Lavie, Matthew S. Berlinger, Christopher B. Thomas, Shannon M. Alwood, Tonya Jagneaux, Michael A. Sanchez, Hollis R. O'Neal

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: This study examined three methods for retrospectively identifying infection in emergency department (ED) patients: modified objective definitions of infection (MODI) from the CDC/NHSN, physician adjudication determination of infection, and ED treating physician behavior. Methods: This study used a subset of data from a prospective sepsis trial. We used Fleiss's Kappa to compare agreement between two physicians retrospectively adjudicating infection based on the patient's medical record, modified infection definition from the CDC/NHSN, and ED treating physician behavior. Results: Overall, there was similar agreement between physician adjudication of infection and MODI criteria (Kappa=0.59) compared to having two physicians independently identify infection …

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Using The Articularis Genu To Test Peri-Articular Muscle Health During Knee Osteoarthritis, José A. Cruz Ayala, Mallory Crawford, Mary C. Gatterer, Maria Tovar, Jessica C. Rivera, Vinod Dasa, Luis Marrero Jul 2022

Using The Articularis Genu To Test Peri-Articular Muscle Health During Knee Osteoarthritis, José A. Cruz Ayala, Mallory Crawford, Mary C. Gatterer, Maria Tovar, Jessica C. Rivera, Vinod Dasa, Luis Marrero

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) involves peri-articular sarcopenia. The infrapatellar articularis genu (AG) links to the quadriceps femoris (QF) and can be sampled from discarded tissue during arthroplasty. We predict disuse-mediated changes in AG myofiber type ratio and atrophy similar to reports on the QF during OA. OA AGs (n = 40) were preserved and grouped by poor (≤ 85°; n = 11), fair (90°–110°; n = 19), and good (≥ 115°; n = 10) range of motion (ROM). Immunolabeling of slow and fast myosin heavy chains in AG sections allowed comparing distribution and cross-sectional area (CSA) of type-I (T1) and type-II …

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Management Of The Facial Nerve Following Temporal Bone Ballistic Injury, Anne K. Maxwell, John C. Lemoine, Jacob B. Kahane, Celeste C. Gary Jul 2022

Management Of The Facial Nerve Following Temporal Bone Ballistic Injury, Anne K. Maxwell, John C. Lemoine, Jacob B. Kahane, Celeste C. Gary

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Objective: To understand the patterns of temporal bone fracture and facial nerve injury from ballistic trauma. Study Design: Retrospective case series. Methods: Retrospective review of 42 patients evaluated following temporal bone ballistic injury at a single institution, university-based level-one trauma center between 2012 and 2021. Demographics, facial nerve status, CT images, interventions, complications, and outcomes were reviewed. Results: Mean age 30.3 years (range 5–58 years); 79% male. Racial demographics reflected the surrounding community. Seven mortalities occurred. Nineteen patients (54%) demonstrated facial nerve injury. Of those, 13/19 displayed immediate paralysis, 1 delayed, 5 unknown (due to altered mental status). On consultation, …

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Metastatic Primary Brain Rhabdomyosarcoma In A Pediatric Patient: Illustrative Case, Michel Gustavo Mondragón-Soto, Luis Del Valle, José Alfredo González-Soto, Roberto Alfonso De Leo-Vargas Jul 2022

Metastatic Primary Brain Rhabdomyosarcoma In A Pediatric Patient: Illustrative Case, Michel Gustavo Mondragón-Soto, Luis Del Valle, José Alfredo González-Soto, Roberto Alfonso De Leo-Vargas

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Primary intracranial rhabdomyosarcoma is an extraordinarily rare malignant tumor, with even fewer presenting with distant metastasis. To date, only five cases, including the one presented here, have been reported to present metastatic activity. OBSERVATIONS: A 12-year-old boy presented with a few days of headache, nausea, vomiting, but no neurological deficit. Brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated hydrocephalus and a cystic lesion with left parieto-occipital extension. After resection, pathology reported primary rhabdomyosarcoma, with positive desmin and myogenin on immunohistochemistry. The patient presented with pulmonary metastasis. The patient had an overall survival of 21 months after diagnosis with optimal …

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Automatic Information Extraction From Childhood Cancer Pathology Reports, Hong Jun Yoon, Alina Peluso, Eric B. Durbin, Xiao Cheng Wu, Antoinette Stroup, Jennifer Doherty, Stephen Schwartz, Charles Wiggins, Linda Coyle, Lynne Penberthy Jul 2022

Automatic Information Extraction From Childhood Cancer Pathology Reports, Hong Jun Yoon, Alina Peluso, Eric B. Durbin, Xiao Cheng Wu, Antoinette Stroup, Jennifer Doherty, Stephen Schwartz, Charles Wiggins, Linda Coyle, Lynne Penberthy

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Objectives: The International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC) facilitates the effective classification of a heterogeneous group of cancers in the important pediatric population. However, there has been no development of machine learning models for the ICCC classification. We developed deep learning-based information extraction models from cancer pathology reports based on the ICD-O-3 coding standard. In this article, we describe extending the models to perform ICCC classification. Materials and Methods: We developed 2 models, ICD-O-3 classification and ICCC recoding (Model 1) and direct ICCC classification (Model 2), and 4 scenarios subject to the training sample size. We evaluated these models with …

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Variation In The Hemoglobin Glycation Index, James M. Hempe, Daniel S. Hsia Jul 2022

Variation In The Hemoglobin Glycation Index, James M. Hempe, Daniel S. Hsia

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

A high hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) has been repeatedly associated with greater risk for hypoglycemia in people with diabetes and greater risk for chronic vascular disease in people with or without diabetes. This review explores how different sources of analytical and biological variation in HbA1c and blood glucose individually and collectively affect the clinical information value of HGI. We conclude that HGI is a complex quantitative trait that is a clinically practical biomarker of risk for both hypoglycemia and chronic vascular disease.

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Association Of Obesity And Diabetes With The Incidence Of Breast Cancer In Louisiana, Fokhrul M. Hossain, Denise M. Danos, Qiufan Fu, Xinnan Wang, Richard A. Scribner, San T. Chu, Ronald L. Horswell, Eboni G. Price-Haywood, Bridgette M. Collins-Burow, Xiao Cheng Wu, Augusto C. Ochoa, Lucio Miele Jul 2022

Association Of Obesity And Diabetes With The Incidence Of Breast Cancer In Louisiana, Fokhrul M. Hossain, Denise M. Danos, Qiufan Fu, Xinnan Wang, Richard A. Scribner, San T. Chu, Ronald L. Horswell, Eboni G. Price-Haywood, Bridgette M. Collins-Burow, Xiao Cheng Wu, Augusto C. Ochoa, Lucio Miele

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Introduction: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, consisting of multiple molecular subtypes. Obesity has been associated with an increased risk for postmenopausal breast cancer, but few studies have examined breast cancer subtypes separately. Obesity is often complicated by type 2 diabetes, but the possible association of diabetes with specific breast cancer subtypes remains poorly understood. Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, Louisiana Tumor Registry records of primary invasive breast cancer diagnosed in 2010–2015 were linked to electronic health records in the Louisiana Public Health Institute's Research Action for Health Network. Controls were selected from Research Action for Health Network and …

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