Medical Specialties Commons^™

Anti-Müllerian Hormone And Its Relationships With Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease And Renal Disease In A Longitudinal Cohort Study Of Women With Type 1 Diabetes, Catherine Kim, Yuanyuan Pan, Barbara Braffett, Valerie Arends, Michael Steffes, Hunter Wessells, Aruna V. Sarma

GW Biostatistics Center

Background

Reproductive age may be a risk factor for vascular disease. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by viable ovarian follicles and reflects reproductive age. We examined whether AMH concentrations were associated with markers of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) and kidney disease among women with type 1 diabetes.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study. Participants included women with type 1 diabetes and ≥1 AMH measurement (n = 390). In multivariable regression models which adjusted for repeated measures, we examined the associations between AMH with CVD risk factors, estimated glomerular filtration rate, …

An Echocardiography Training Program For Improving The Left Ventricular Function Interpretation In Emergency Department; A Brief Report, Mary Jacob, Hamid A. Shokoohi, Fabith Moideen, Amelia Pousson, Keith S. Boniface

Emergency Medicine Faculty Publications

Introduction: Focused training in transthoracic echocardiography enables emergency physicians (EPs) to accurately estimate the left ventricular function. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a brief training program utilizing standardized echocardiography video clips in this regard.
Methods: A before and after design was used to determine the efficacy of a 1 hour echocardiography training program using PowerPoint presentation and standardized echocardiography video clips illustrating normal and abnormal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) as well as video clips emphasizing the measurement of mitral valve E-point septal separation (EPSS). Pre- and post-test evaluation used unique video clips and asked trainees to …

Selective Autonomic Stimulation Of The Av Node Fat Pad To Control Rapid Post-Operative Atrial Arrhythmias., Marco A Mercader, Dingchao He, Aditya C Sharma, Mark C Marchitto, Gregory Trachiotis, Gene A Bornzin, Richard A. Jonas, Jeffrey P Moak

Medicine Faculty Publications

Junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) and atrial fibrillation (AF) occur in patients recovering from open-heart surgery (OHS). Pharmacologic treatment is used for the control of post-operative atrial arrhythmias (POAA), but is associated with side effects. There is a need for a reversible, modulated solution to rate control. We propose a non-pharmacologic technique that can modulate AV nodal conduction in a selective fashion. Ten mongrel dogs underwent OHS. Stimulation of the anterior right (AR) and inferior right (IR) fat pad (FP) was done using a 7-pole electrode. The IR was more effective in slowing the ventricular rate (VR) to AF (52 +/- …

A Fashi Lymphoproliferative Phenotype Reveals Non-Apoptotic Fas Signalling In Htlv-1-Associated Neuroinflammation., Soraya Maria Menezes, Fabio E Leal, Tim Dierckx, Ricardo Khouri, Daniele Decanine, Gilvaneia Silva-Santos, +Several Additional Authors

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-1 was the first human retrovirus to be associated to cancer, namely Adult T-cell Leukemia (ATL), but its pathogenesis remains enigmatic, since only a minority of infected individuals develops either ATL or the neuroinflammatory disorder HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). A functional FAS -670 polymorphism in an interferon (IFN)-regulated STAT1-binding site has been associated to both ATL and HAM/TSP susceptibility. Fashi T stem cell memory (Tscm) cells have been identified as the hierarchical apex of ATL, but have not been investigated in HAM/TSP. In addition, both FAS and STAT1 have been identified in an IFN-inducible HAM/TSP …

Nasopharyngeal Microbiome Diversity Changes Over Time In Children With Asthma, Marcos Pérez-Losada, Lamia Alamri, Keith Crandall, Robert J. Freishtat

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Background

The nasopharynx is a reservoir for pathogens associated with respiratory illnesses such as asthma. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been used to characterize the nasopharyngeal microbiome of infants and adults during health and disease; less is known, however, about the composition and temporal dynamics (i.e., longitudinal variation) of microbiotas from children and adolescents. Here we use NGS technology to characterize the nasopharyngeal microbiomes of asthmatic children and adolescents (6 to 18 years) and determine their stability over time.

Methods

Two nasopharyngeal washes collected 5.5 to 6.5 months apart were taken from 40 children and adolescents with asthma living in the …

Biomarkers Of Tubulointerstitial Damage And Function In Type 1 Diabetes, Ian De Boer, Xiaoyu Gao, Ionut Bebu, Andrew Hoofnagle, John Lachin, Diabetes Control And Complications Trial/Epidemiology Of Diabetes Interventions And Complications (Dcct/Edic) Research Group.

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

Objective To evaluate biomarkers of renal tubulointerstitial damage and function in type 1 diabetes with and without diabetic kidney disease.

Research design and methods Cross-sectional case-control study of Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study participants. Cases (N=43) had incident persistent estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 with urinary albumin excretion >300 mg/24 hour. Controls (N=43) had persistent eGFR >90 mL/min/1.73 m2 and urinary albumin excretion <30 mg/24 hour. Urinary and plasma biomarkers reflecting tubular injury, inflammation, fibrosis, secretion, and synthetic function were measured from stored specimens collected at the first study visit with reduced eGFR (for case participants) or the corresponding study year (for control participants).

Results Mean (SD) age was 51 (9) and 50 (8) years for case and control participants, and mean (SD) duration of diabetes was 30 (6) and 30 (5) years, respectively. Mean (SD) eGFR was 39 …

Press-Pulse: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy For The Metabolic Management Of Cancer, Thomas Seyfried, George Yu, Joseph Maroon, Dominic D'Agostino

Urology Faculty Publications

Background

A shift from respiration to fermentation is a common metabolic hallmark of cancer cells. As a result, glucose and glutamine become the prime fuels for driving the dysregulated growth of tumors. The simultaneous occurrence of “Press-Pulse” disturbances was considered the mechanism responsible for reduction of organic populations during prior evolutionary epochs. Press disturbances produce chronic stress, while pulse disturbances produce acute stress on populations. It was only when both disturbances coincide that population reduction occurred.

Methods

This general concept can be applied to the management of cancer by creating chronic metabolic stresses on tumor cell energy metabolism (press disturbance) …

Interrelationship Between Climatic, Ecologic, Social, And Cultural Determinants Affecting Dengue Emergence And Transmission In Puerto Rico And Their Implications For Zika Response., Angela Matysiak, Amira Roess

Global Health Faculty Publications

Objective

The global resurgence of dengue has been attributed to rapid population growth, urban expansion, increased air travel, globalization, and climate change. Dengue is now endemic in Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico is at risk for Zika, another emerging arbovirus. The interrelationship between climatic, ecological, social, and cultural factors that affect dengue and other arboviruses' transmission is understudied.

Design

The objective of this systematic review is to examine the interrelationship between climatic, ecological, social, and cultural factors on dengue transmission in Puerto Rico and to draw lessons for Zika response.

Results

A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed journal articles was performed, producing …

Translating Mental Health Diagnostic And Symptom Terminology To Train Health Workers And Engage Patients In Cross-Cultural, Non-English Speaking Populations, Bibhav Acharya, Madhur Basnet, Pragya Rimal, David Citrin, Soniya Hirachan, Brandon Kohrt, +Several Additional Authors

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Although there are guidelines for transcultural adaptation and validation of psychometric tools, similar resources do not exist for translation of diagnostic and symptom terminology used by health professionals to communicate with one another, their patients, and the public. The issue of translation is particularly salient when working with underserved, non-English speaking populations in high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries. As clinicians, researchers, and educators working in cross-cultural settings, we present four recommendations to avoid common pitfalls in these settings. We demonstrate the need for: (1) harmonization of terminology among clinicians, educators of health professionals, and health policymakers; (2) distinction …

Do Pediatric Gastroenterology Doctors Address Pediatric Obesity?, Suruchi Batra, Caitlin Yee, Bernadette Diez, Nicholas Nguyen, Michael J Sheridan, Mark Tufano, Natalie Sikka, Stacie Townsend, Suchitra Hourigan

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Objectives:

To assess how often obesity is acknowledged at pediatric gastroenterology outpatient visits.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed to identify obese children seen at a gastroenterology subspecialty clinic over a 1-year period of time; 132 children were identified. Demographics, obesity comorbidities, reasons for referral, diagnosis of obesity, and a plan to address obesity were abstracted. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests were used to examine statistical associations.

Results:

Only 49% of children were given a diagnosis of obesity. In total, 52% of children were given a body mass index reduction plan. Those diagnosed with obesity were more likely to …

Situational Analysis To Inform Development Of Primary Care And Community-Based Mental Health Services For Severe Mental Disorders In Nepal, Mangesh Angdembe, Brandon A. Kohrt, Mark Jordans, Damodar Rimal, Nagendra Luitel

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Background

Nepal is representative of Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC) with limited availability of mental health services in rural areas, in which the majority of the population resides.

Methods

This formative qualitative study explores resources, challenges, and potential barriers to the development and implementation of evidence-based Comprehensive Community-based Mental Health Services (CCMHS) in accordance with the mental health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) for persons with severe mental health disorders and epilepsy. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs, n = 9) and Key-Informant Interviews (KIIs, n = 26) were conducted in a rural district in western Nepal. Qualitative data were coded using …

From Sea To Shining Sea, And The Great Plains To Patagonia: A Review On Current Knowledge Of Diabetes Mellitus In Hispanics/Latinos In The U.S. And Latin America, Larissa Aviles-Santa, Uriyoán Colon-Ramos, Nangel Lindberg, Joseimer Mattei, Francisco Pasquel, Cynthia Perez

Global Health Faculty Publications

The last two decades have witnessed many advances in the prevention, treatment, and control of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Increased screening has led to a greater recognition of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) and prediabetes; however, Hispanics/Latinos, the largest minority group in the U.S., have not fully benefited from these advances. The Hispanic/Latino population is highly diverse in ancestries, birth places, cultures, languages, and socioeconomic backgrounds, and it populates most of the Western Hemisphere. In the U.S., the prevalence of diabetes mellitus varies among Hispanic/Latino heritage groups, being higher among Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Dominicans, and lower …

High Levels Of Iron Supplementation Prevents Neural Tube Defects In The Fpn1(Ffe) Mouse Model., Bethany A Stokes, Julia A Sabatino, Irene E. Zohn

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Periconception maternal nutrition and folate in particular are important factors influencing the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs). Many but not all NTDs are prevented by folic acid supplementation and there is a pressing need for additional strategies to prevent these birth defects. Other micronutrients such as iron are potential candidates, yet a clear role for iron deficiency in contributing to NTDs is lacking. Our previous studies with the flatiron (ffe) mouse model of Ferroportin1 (Fpn1) deficiency suggest that iron is required for neural tube closure and forebrain development raising the possibility that iron supplementation could prevent NTDs.

METHODS: …

Vamorolone, A Dissociative Steroidal Compound, Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Expression In Glioma Cells And Increases Activity And Survival In A Murine Model Of Cortical Tumor., Elizabeth Wells, Madhuri Kambhampati, Jesse M Damsker, Heather Gordish-Dressman, Sridevi Yadavilli, Oren J Becher, Jamila Gittens, Mojca Stampar, Roger J. Packer, Javad Nazarian

Genomics and Precision Medicine Faculty Publications

Corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone, are routinely used as palliative care in neuro-oncology for their anti-inflammatory benefits, however many patients experience dose limiting side effects caused by glucocorticoid response element (GRE)-mediated transcription. The purpose of this study was to use a murine model to investigate a new steroid alternative, vamorolone, which promises to reduce side effects through dissociating GRE-mediated transcription and NF-κB -mediated anti-inflammatory actions. To compare vamorolone to dexamethasone in reducing pro-inflammatory signals in vitro, murine glioma cells were treated with dexamethasone, vamorolone or vehicle control. Changes in mRNA expression were assessed using the nanostring inflammatory platform. Furthermore, drug …

Tx-004hr Vaginal Estradiol Has Negligible To Very Low Systemic Absorption Of Estradiol., David F Archer, Ginger D Constantine, James A Simon, Harvey Kushner, Philip Mayer, Brian Bernick, Shelli Graham, Sebastian Mirkin, Rejoice Study Group.

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of TX-004HR vaginal estradiol softgel capsules when used for treating moderate-to-severe dyspareunia in postmenopausal women with vulvar and vaginal atrophy.

METHODS: A substudy of the REJOICE trial (multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3) evaluated the pharmacokinetics of 4, 10, and 25-μg TX-004HR doses once/d for 2 weeks, followed by twice/wk for 10 weeks. Serum samples obtained at 2, 4, 6, 10, and 24 hours postdose on days 1 and 14, and once on day 84, were analyzed for area under the serum concentration-time curve, tmax, Cmin, Cavg, and Cmax for estradiol, estrone, and estrone conjugates.

RESULTS: …

Sirt1 Regulates Glial Progenitor Proliferation And Regeneration In White Matter After Neonatal Brain Injury., Beata Jablonska, Marcin Gierdalski, Li-Jin Chew, Teresa Hawley, Mackenzie Catron, Arturo Lichauco, Juan Cabrera-Luque, Tracy Yuen, David Rowitch, Vittorio Gallo

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Regenerative processes in brain pathologies require the production of distinct neural cell populations from endogenous progenitor cells. We have previously demonstrated that oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) proliferation is crucial for oligodendrocyte (OL) regeneration in a mouse model of neonatal hypoxia (HX) that reproduces diffuse white matter injury (DWMI) of premature infants. Here we identify the histone deacetylase Sirt1 as a Cdk2 regulator in OPC proliferation and response to HX. HX enhances Sirt1 and Sirt1/Cdk2 complex formation through HIF1α activation. Sirt1 deacetylates retinoblastoma (Rb) in the Rb/E2F1 complex, leading to dissociation of E2F1 and enhanced OPC proliferation. Sirt1 knockdown in culture …

Near-Complete Humerus Reconstruction In The Pediatric Patient With Vascularized Free Fibula Transfer., John Shuck, Benjamin C Wood, Christopher Zarella, Albert K Oh, Robert M Henshaw, Gary F Rogers

Surgery Faculty Publications

Vascularized free fibula transfer remains the gold standard for reconstruction of large segmental diaphyseal defects of the upper extremity. In the pediatric patient, before skeletal maturity, free fibula transfer with the fibular head provides an active physis for growth and an articular interface for glenohumeral joint reconstruction. Clinical and cadaveric studies have demonstrated that the vascular supply to the fibular head originates, in most cases, from the anterior tibial system. However, anatomical variation exists, and we report a case in which a vascularized fibula autograft including the physis was transferred on the peroneal artery in a 5-year-old patient with Ewing's …

Population Pharmacokinetics Of Liposomal Amphotericin B In Immunocompromised Children., Jodi M Lestner, Andreas H Groll, Ghaith Aljayyoussi, Nita L Seibel, Aziza Shad, Corina Gonzalez, Lauren V Wood, Paul F Jarosinski, Thomas J Walsh, William W Hope

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) is widely used in the treatment of invasive fungal disease (IFD) in adults and children. There are relatively limited pharmacokinetic (PK) data to inform optimal dosing in children that achieves systemic drug exposures comparable to those of adults. Our objective was to describe the pharmacokinetics of LAmB in children aged 1 to 17 years with suspected or documented IFD. Thirty-five children were treated with LAmB at doses of 2.5 to 10 mg kg(-1) daily. Samples were taken at baseline and at 0.5- to 2.0-h intervals for 24 h after receipt of the first dose (n = …

Tx-004hr Improves Sexual Function As Measured By The Female Sexual Function Index In Postmenopausal Women With Vulvar And Vaginal Atrophy: The Rejoice Trial., Sheryl A Kingsberg, Leonard Derogatis, James A Simon, Ginger D Constantine, Shelli Graham, Brian Bernick, Gina Gasper, Sebastian Mirkin

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: TX-004HR is an investigational, applicator-free, vaginal soft gel capsule containing low-dose solubilized 17β-estradiol. The phase 3, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter REJOICE trial has shown TX-004HR to be safe and effective for the treatment of moderate to severe dyspareunia in postmenopausal women with vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA).

AIM: To evaluate the effect of TX-004HR on female sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women with VVA.

METHODS: The REJOICE study compared the effects of 12-week treatment with TX-004HR (4, 10, or 25 μg) with placebo in postmenopausal women (40-75 years old) with VVA and a most bothersome symptom of moderate to severe …

Amaurosis Fugax Due To Pleomorphic Sarcoma, Sheila Pabon, Katherine Williams, Marena Patronas

Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

Purpose

This report describes a case of amaurosis fugax due to a rare primary cardiac sarcoma.

Observations

A patient who was recently diagnosed with left atrial pleomorphic sarcoma presented with a chief complaint of multiple episodes of intermittent vision loss in the right eye during the course of radiation therapy.

Conclusions and importance

The authors postulate emboli from the left atrial sarcoma entered systemic circulation and subsequently caused brief episodes of transient occlusion to retinal, ophthalmic and/or ciliary arteries leading to momentary retinal hypoxia. We believe this is a novel finding, previously unreported in the literature, of transient embolic occlusion …

Iris Abscess A Rare Presentation Of Intravenous Drug Abuse Associated, Jonathan Pierce, Nisha Warrier, Christina Antonopoulos, Nicole Siegel, Deeba Husain

Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

Purpose: To describe an unusual case of intravenous drug abuse associated endogenous endophthalmitis presenting with an iris abscess.

Observations: A 30-year old female with history of intravenous drug use presented with a two-week history of redness and blurry vision in the right eye. An initial diagnosis of anterior uveitis was made. However, she worsened on topical steroids and mydriatics. She was found to have a hypopyon and an iris abscess. She received broad spectrum antibiotic and antifungal treatment with voriconazole, this lead to significant clinical improvement. She was discharged on oral fluconazole and lost to follow up. The patient was …

Pediatric Emergency Medicine Point-Of-Care Ultrasound: Summary Of The Evidence., Jennifer R Marin, Alyssa M. Abo, Alexander C Arroyo, Stephanie J Doniger, Jason W Fischer, Rachel Rempell, +21 Additional Authors

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The utility of point-of-care ultrasound is well supported by the medical literature. Consequently, pediatric emergency medicine providers have embraced this technology in everyday practice. Recently, the American Academy of Pediatrics published a policy statement endorsing the use of point-of-care ultrasound by pediatric emergency medicine providers. To date, there is no standard guideline for the practice of point-of-care ultrasound for this specialty. This document serves as an initial step in the detailed "how to" and description of individual point-of-care ultrasound examinations. Pediatric emergency medicine providers should refer to this paper as reference for published research, objectives for learners, and standardized reporting …

Severe Mortality Impact Of The 1957 Influenza Pandemic In Chile., Gerardo Chowell, Lone Simonsen, Rodrigo Fuentes, Jose Flores, Mark A Miller, Cécile Viboud

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Epidemiological studies of the 1957 influenza pandemic are scarce, particularly from lower-income settings.

METHODS: We analyzed the spatial-temporal mortality patterns of the 1957 influenza pandemic in Chile, including detailed age-specific mortality data from a large city, and investigated risk factors for severe mortality impact across regions.

RESULTS: Chile exhibited two waves of excess mortality in winter 1957 and 1959 with a cumulative excess mortality rate of 12 per 10 000, and a ~10-fold mortality difference across provinces. High excess mortality rates were associated with high baseline mortality (R(2) =41.8%; P=.02), but not with latitude (P>.7). Excess mortality rates …

Photothermal Therapy Improves The Efficacy Of A Mek Inhibitor In Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Associated Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors., Elizabeth E. Sweeney, Rachel A. Burga, Chaoyang Li, Yuan Zhu, Rohan Fernandes

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive tumors with low survival rates and the leading cause of death in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients under 40 years old. Surgical resection is the standard of care for MPNSTs, but is often incomplete and can generate loss of function, necessitating the development of novel treatment methods for this patient population. Here, we describe a novel combination therapy comprising MEK inhibition and nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy (PTT) for MPNSTs. MEK inhibitors block activity driven by Ras, an oncogene constitutively activated in NF1-associated MPNSTs, while PTT serves as a minimally invasive method to ablate …

A Multi-Program Assessment Of Visiting Pediatric Electives As A Recruitment Tool For Diversity, Gabrina Dixon, Alexandra Sims, Aisha Davis, Craig Dewolfe, Terry Kind, +Several Additional Authors

Pediatrics Posters and Presentations

Certain minority populations are underrepresented in medicine (URM). The visiting clerkship represents a collaborative effort between Undergraduate and Graduate Medical Education that has been reported to help increase URM applicants and residents. Visiting URM student electives in pediatrics at five institutions were examined in an effort to better understand best practices. Financial assistance and mentorship were universal among programs. Most programs reported an increase in URM applicants but variable numbers of matched URM residents.

Dark Blood Late Enhancement Imaging., Peter Kellman, Hui Xue, Laura J. Olivieri, Russell R. Cross, Elena K Grant, Marianna Fontana, Martin Ugander, James C Moon, Michael S Hansen

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Background

Bright blood late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging typically achieves excellent contrast between infarcted and normal myocardium. However, the contrast between the myocardial infarction (MI) and the blood pool is frequently suboptimal. A large fraction of infarctions caused by coronary artery disease are sub-endocardial and thus adjacent to the blood pool. It is not infrequent that sub-endocardial MIs are difficult to detect or clearly delineate.

Methods

In this present work, an inversion recovery (IR) T2 preparation was combined with single shot steady state free precession imaging and respiratory motion corrected averaging to achieve dark blood LGE images with good signal …

Clinical Factors Associated With The Non-Operative Airway Management Of Patients With Robin Sequence., Frank P Albino, Benjamin C. Wood, Kevin D Han, Sojung Yi, Mitchel Seruya, Gary F. Rogers, Albert K. Oh

Surgery Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The indications for surgical airway management in patients with Robin sequence (RS) and severe airway obstruction have not been well defined. While certain patients with RS clearly require surgical airway intervention and other patients just as clearly can be managed with conservative measures alone, a significant proportion of patients with RS present with a more confusing and ambiguous clinical course. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical features and objective findings of patients with RS whose airways were successfully managed without surgical intervention.

METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of infants with RS evaluated …

Ebola Vp40 In Exosomes Can Cause Immune Cell Dysfunction, Michelle Pleet, Allison Mathiesen, Catherine Demarino, Yao Akpamagbo, Robert Barclay, Sergey N. Iordanskiy, +6 Additional Authors

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

Ebola virus (EBOV) is an enveloped, ssRNA virus from the family Filoviridae capable of causing severe hemorrhagic fever with up to 80–90% mortality rates. The most recent outbreak of EBOV in West Africa starting in 2014 resulted in over 11,300 deaths; however, long-lasting persistence and recurrence in survivors has been documented, potentially leading to further transmission of the virus. We have previously shown that exosomes from cells infected with HIV-1, HTLV-1 and Rift Valley Fever virus are able to transfer viral proteins and non-coding RNAs to naïve recipient cells, resulting in an altered cellular activity. In the current manuscript, we …

Transcriptomic Analysis Implicates The P53 Signaling Pathway In The Establishment Of Hiv-1 Latency In Central Memory Cd4 T Cells In An In Vitro Model, Cory White, Bastiaan Moesker, Nadejda Beliakova-Bethell, Laura Martins, Celsa Spina, Alberto Bosque, +4 Additional Authors

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

The search for an HIV-1 cure has been greatly hindered by the presence of a viral reservoir that persists despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Studies of HIV-1 latency in vivo are also complicated by the low proportion of latently infected cells in HIV-1 infected individuals. A number of models of HIV-1 latency have been developed to examine the signaling pathways and viral determinants of latency and reactivation. A primary cell model of HIV-1 latency, which incorporates the generation of primary central memory CD4 T cells (TCM), full-length virus infection (HIVNL4-3) and ART to suppress virus replication, was used to investigate the …

Novel Mutation Of Interferon-Γ Receptor 1 Gene Presenting As Early Life Mycobacterial Bronchial Disease, Maria J. Gutierrez, Neelu Kaira, Alexandra Horwitz, Gustavo Nino

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD) are a spectrum of inherited disorders characterized by localized or disseminated infections caused by atypical mycobacteria. Interferon-γ receptor 1 (IFNGR1) deficiency was the first identified genetic disorder recognized as MSMD. Mutations in the genes encoding IFNGR1 can be recessive or dominant and cause complete or partial receptor deficiency. We present the case of a 2½-year-old boy with a history of recurrent wheezing, diagnosed with endobronchial mycobacterial infection. Immunological workup revealed a homozygous nonsense mutation in the IFNGR1 gene, a novel mutation predicted in silico to cause complete IFNGR1 deficiency. This case demonstrates that ( …