Medical Specialties Commons^™

Sex And Authorship In Global Cancer Research, Miriam Mutebi, Grant Lewison, Deborah Mukherji, Nazik Hammad, Verna Vanderpuye, Erica Liebermann, Winnie So, Julie Torode, Richard Sullivan, Ophira Ginsburg

General Surgery, East Africa

Introduction Research is an essential pillar of cancer control and key in shaping regional cancer control agendas. Imbalances in science and technology in terms of lack of female participation have been well documented. However, there is little evidence about country-level female participation in cancer research.

Methodology Through a complex filter, cancer research papers were identified and grouped by countries and sex of the first and last authors of each paper and analysed by the percentage of females in these positions alongside other parameters.

Results Our analysis of 56 countries’ outputs, in 2009, revealed that females were the first authors in …

Primary Health Care And The Tanzania Comprehensive Cancer Project, Gijs Walraven, Harrison Chuwa, Alain Fourquet, Paschal Ruggajo

Internal Medicine, East Africa

No abstract provided.

Quality Of Life In A Cohort Of Kenyan Children With Cerebral Palsy, Pauline Samia, Melissa Tirkha, Amina Kassam, Richard Muindi, Wahu Gitakah, Susan Wamithi, James Orwa, Eugene Were, Michael Shevell

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Aim: The objective of the study was to evaluate the quality of life in Kenyan children (age 4–18 years) with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. Children with CP were recruited from the pediatric clinics at the Aga Khan hospital Nairobi (AKUHN). Parent proxy-reports using CPQoL-child and CPQoL-adolescents were obtained. Clinical and demographic data were compiled from medical records and parent interviews. A Likert scale was utilized to determine QoL across several domains.

Results: One hundred and fourteen child–parent dyads with CP were recruited. The median age of study participants was 8 years (IQR 3–13 years), …

Severe Ataxia With Cognitive Impairment In A Young Child: A Case Report Of Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia, Soban Khan, Zeeshan Munawar, Zaid Waqar, Saad Ali, Bushra Khalid, Amina Sadiqa, Mazhar Badshah

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

ABSTRACT

Adolescence is a period of rapid development and a variety of genetic disorders present during this time due to difficulties with motor and cognitive skills. A very rare group of diseases is genetic Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia, characterized by a developmentally small cerebellum that leads to ataxia and movement abnormalities. Here, we present a case of a young boy who presented with ataxia and falls.

Age-Stratified Mosaic Of Neuropathies: A Comprehensive Analysis Of The Prevalence And Patterns In Different Age Groups, Sana Ghous, Anjlee Shankar, Abdul Qadir Baloch, Dipanty Khastoori, Tahira Maqsood, Alam Ibrahim Siddiqui

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective:

Neuropathies pose significant challenges in diagnosis and management due to their heterogeneous etiologies, varied clinical presentations, and differential prevalence across age groups. The objective of this study was to analyze the distribution of neuropathies among patients in various age brackets, highlighting prevalent neuropathic types and their clinical implications.

Methods:

From September 18, 2018 to September 17, 2019, 405 patients from Neurology Ward of Chandka Medical College Hospital in Larkana were included in this retrospective cross-sectional comprehensive analysis. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) of these patients were conducted in the electrophysiology department. The study cohort was stratified into …

Effects Of Maternal Subclinical Hypothyroidism On Neurodevelopment Of Offspring- An Animal-Based Study, Sabah Farhat, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Mehir Un Nisa Iqbal, Fazal Arain

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

ABSTRACT

Background and objective:

Maternal subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, including cognitive and neuropsychiatric effects. This study aimed to assess the impact of maternal SCH on young rats, examining behavioral and gross brain structure changes, and evaluating reversibility after levothyroxine treatment.

Methods:

This experimental animal study was conducted at the Aga Khan University for a duration of 10 months. The study was approved by the Ethical committee for Animal Care and Use. Fourteen female Sprague Dawley rats were grouped into Treated (induced with SCH, treated with levothyroxine), Untreated (induced with SCH, no …

Use Of The 0.3-Tesla Mri Machine In Pakistan For Neurological Disorders In The Current Era: A Necessary Compromise Or A Counterproductive Exercise?, Wajid Jawaid

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

No abstract provided.

Beyond The Mosquito Sting: Guillain-Barre Syndrome Following Malarial Seasonal Surge, Sana Ghous, Alam Ibrahim Siddiqui, Abdul Rahman Soomro, Abu Bakar Shaikh, Sajjad Hussain Jalbani, Abdul Ghafoor Magsi

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

ABSTRACT

Background and objective:

Malaria, a prevalent disease most commonly caused by Plasmodium vivax and falciparum, frequently leads to intricate neurological complications. The objective of this study was to study Guillain-Barre syndrome as a prevalent neurological manifestation of malaria.

Methods:

A cross-sectional observational study was undertaken at Neurology Department of Chandka Medical College Hospital in Larkana, from April 2023 to September 2023 during the seasonal peak of malaria. The study included 20 patients who met the specified criteria. SPSS version 23.0 was used for data analysis.

Results:

Among the 20 patients who developed Guillain-Barre Syndrome following malaria infection, 18 exhibited …

Assessing The Influence Of Covid-19 Lockdown Measures On Cognition And Behavior In School Age Children In Arba Minch Health And Demographic Surveillance Site, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study, Befikadu Tariku Gutema, Eshetu Zerihun Tariku, Zeleke Aschalew Melketsedik, Bruno Levecke, Stefaan De Henauw, Amina Abubakar, Souheila Abbeddou

Institute for Human Development, East Africa

Ethiopian schools were closed for nearly 40 weeks as a measure to control the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of the study was to evaluate the role of COVID-19 pandemic’s restrictive measures on cognition and behavioral difficulties of schoolchildren in Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance Site. Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in November 2019 (pre-COVID-19-lockdown) and November 2020 (post-COVID-19 lockdown). Data were collected both at the school and homes of the children. Cognitive development of the children was assessed using digit span, Raven’s coloured progressive matrices (RCPM) and Visual search using cancellation task. Behavioral difficulties score of the children was …

Abdominal Wall Endometriosis In Cesarean Scar: A Case Report, Willbroad Kyejo, Brenda Moshi, Euphraim Massanga, Gregory Ntiyakunze, Miriam Mgonja, Munawar Kaguta, Ernest Mdachi

Family Medicine, East Africa

Abdominal wall endometriosis refers to the presence of endometrial tissue within surgical scars, most commonly occurring following gynecological procedures such as cesarean sections. This case report presents a rare case of abdominal wall endometriosis in a cesarean scar. The patient, a 32-year-old woman with a history of two previous cesarean sections, presented with cyclic pain and swelling in the lower abdominal region. Physical examination revealed a tender, well-defined mass within the cesarean scar. Surgical excision of the mass was performed, and histopathological examination confirmed the presence of endometrial tissue. This case highlights the importance of considering abdominal wall endometriosis in …

Quantifying Health Facility Service Readiness For Small And Sick Newborn Care: Comparing Standards-Based And Who Level-2 + Scoring For 64 Hospitals Implementing With Nest360 In Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, And Tanzania, Rebecca E. Penzias, Christine Bohne, Edith Gicheha, Elizabeth Molyneux, David Gathara, Samuel K. Ngwala, Evelyn Zimba, Ekran Rashid, Opeyemi Odedere, Olabisi Dosunmu

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: Service readiness tools are important for assessing hospital capacity to provide quality small and sick newborn care (SSNC). Lack of summary scoring approaches for SSNC service readiness means we are unable to track national targets such as the Every Newborn Action Plan targets.

Methods: A health facility assessment (HFA) tool was co-designed by Newborn Essential Solutions and Technologies (NEST360) and UNICEF with four African governments. Data were collected in 68 NEST360-implementing neonatal units in Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, and Tanzania (September 2019-March 2021). Two summary scoring approaches were developed: a) standards-based, including items for SSNC service readiness by health system …

Entrance Surface Air Kerma To Patients During Digital Radiographic Examinations In Tanzania, Atumaini Makoba, Ahmed Jusabani, Wilbroad Muhogora, Abdallah Kileo, Musa Ndukeki, Huruma Mammba, Hilda Makungu, Haika Maro, Erick Onoka, Miguta Ngulimi

Imaging & Diagnostic Radiology, East Africa

The aim of this study was to determine the entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) in adult patients during digital radiography and to evaluate the optimisation potential in five common X-ray examinations in Tanzania. Based on a sample of 240–610 patients, ESAK was estimated using X-ray tube output measurements, patient information and backscatter factors. The results show that the mean ESAK values were higher or comparable to data from the literature. The diagnostic reference values of ESAK for digital radiography were 0.31 mGy (chest PA), 4 mGy (lumbar spine AP), 5.4 mGy (lumbar spine LAT), 3.8 mGy (abdomen AP) and 2.4 …

Wilson’S Disease Presenting As Status Epilepticus: A Case Report, Iqra Athar, Neelma Naz Khattak, Hania Batool, Tehreem Farah, Tashfain Shifa, Zukhruf Zayian

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

ABSTRACT

Wilson’s disease (WD) is a rare disorder of copper metabolism, caused by a mutation in the ATPB7 gene, resulting in a defect in copper elimination leading to its accumulation in various organs, with the liver being the most common. Here, we describe a case of a 19-year-old boy who presented with a history of hallucinations and status epilepticus. Initial investigations were normal, but due to a rising trend in alanine transaminase (ALT), a slit lamp examination was performed, revealing Kayser-Fleischer (KF) rings in the eyes. The patient was diagnosed with WD due to the presence of these KF rings …

Atypical Facio-Scapulo-Humeral Dystrophy With Facial Sparing: A Case Report, Umer Younas, Asma Aamir, Farooq Azam Rathore

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

ABSTRACT

Facio-Scapulo-Humeral Dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal dominant and third most common inherited muscular dystrophy. Typical phenotype of FSHD initially affects the muscles of the face and upper arm. Atypical FSHD refers to genetically confirmed FSHD with phenotypic variations. Scapulo-Humeral Dystrophy (SHD) is the most common atypical form of FSDH characterized by no facial muscle weakness on clinical examination, while other signs remain consistent with FSHD. We report a 31-year-old male who presented with foot drop and had an unexpected presentation as SHD. Provisional diagnosis of SHD was based on careful medical history, physical examination findings, modest rise in muscle …

Role Of Minimal F-Wave Latency In The Electrodiagnosis Of Polyneuropathy, Areeba Qaiser, Safia Bano, Muhammad Imran Khan, Ahsan Numan

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective:

Polyneuropathy is a debilitating condition that causes damage to more than two peripheral nerves in the body. The objective of this research was to detect the role of minimal F-wave latency as compared with other nerve conduction parameters for the electro-diagnosis of polyneuropathies.

Methods:

In this descriptive, prospective cross-sectional study, 80 consecutive patients with clinical diagnosis of polyneuropathy (both acute and chronic) between July and December 2023, presenting to the Neurology Department at King Edward Medical University were enrolled. Patients with clinical diagnosis of cervical/lumbar radiculopathies, plexopathies, compressive myelopathy , neuromuscular junction diseases, motor neuron disorders, …

Analyzing The Impact Of Pulse Steroid Therapy On Relapse Rates And Disease Progression In Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Retrospective Study, Sana Ghous, Anjlee Shankar, Abdul Rahman Soomro, Abdul Qadir Baloch, Asif Ali, Alam Ibrahim Siddiqui

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective:

Relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) is characterized by recurrent relapses with remissions. Over an extended time-frame, high-dose steroid administration has primarily centered on the treatment of acute relapses, rather than relapse prevention. The objective of this retrospective study is to assess the long-term impact of administering three monthly pulse steroid therapy for three days on relapse rates and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores in patients with RRMS.

Methods:

This study was conducted at Neurology ward of Chandka Medical College Hospital in Larkana from January 2021 to January 2023. A retrospective analysis of historical patient data, …

Surgical Site Infections Post Cesarean Section And Associated Risk Factors: A Retrospective Case-Control Study At A Tertiary Hospital In Kenya., David Odada, Jasmit Shah, Annastacia Mbithi, Reena Shah

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Background: Surgical site infection is a common healthcare-associated infection that affects maternal health, yet it can be prevented or controlled. Caesarian sections are most likely to develop surgical site infections. The rates of delivery by caesarian section in reported to be higher that the acceptable rates in some healthcare facilities. Risk factors for surgical site infections can be identified and modified to reduce the occurrence of surgical site infections. This study aims to determine the risk factors that contribute to surgical site infections post caesarian section in a tertiary teaching hospital in Kenya.

Methods: This was a retrospective case-control (1:2 …

Functional Movement Disorders: Understanding, Approach And Diagnosis, Hudaibiya Ayub, Talbiya Ayub, Rasheed Azhar

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

ABSTRACT

This commentary offers a comprehensive examination of Functional Movement Disorders (FMD) and explores recent advancements in our understanding and treatment of these intricate syndromes. FMDs challenge clinicians due to their variable nature and diverse clinical presentations, often intertwined with psychological factors. Impairments in motor intention and agency must be considered when providing care. Recognizing that non-motor symptoms can have a major impact on a patient's quality of life is equally important. Recognizing FMDs as multi-faceted conditions requiring multidisciplinary care allows consideration of cognitive, social, and demographic aspects.

Hypertonic Saline For Ischemic Stroke: A Review, Rameen Ata Bajwa, Angelina Jessani, Hanan Farzand Raja, Bisma Aziz

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

ABSTRACT

Background and objective:

Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is a critical complication of ischemic stroke. This review article summarizes existing literature pertaining to the role of hypertonic saline (HTS) in lowering ICP in ischemic stroke patients.

Methods:

Studies were selected using a comprehensive search of several research databases. Studies conducted in adult (aged 18 and older) human patients receiving HTS osmotherapy for elevated ICP were included, encompassing a wide range of neurological conditions and various administration methods, durations, and concentrations of HTS.

Results:

We found HTS to reduce ICP in ischemic stroke patients, on par effectively, and in some studies, …

A Case Of Parkinsonian Symptoms Secondary To Chronic Subdural Hematoma, Willbroad Kyejo, Frank Swai, Clement Mugisha, Philip Adebayo

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Chronic subdural hematoma is a known neurosurgical entity often associated with a spectrum of neurological manifestations. While primarily recognized for its characteristic accumulation of blood between the dura mater and arachnoid membrane, emerging literature suggests a rare association between chronic subdural hematoma and Parkinsonian symptoms. This report aims to underscore this unique neurological relationship by presenting a case of a 70-year-old male who developed Parkinsonism following chronic subdural hematoma post-head trauma. This case underscores the rare association between chronic subdural hematoma and Parkinsonian symptoms, emphasizing the importance of timely diagnosis and intervention in managing such cases.

Quality Indicators In Surgical Oncology: Systematic Review Of Measures Used To Compare Quality Across Hospitals, Megan Mcleod, Kari Leung, C S. Pramesh, Peter Kingham, Miriam Mutebi, Julie Torode, Andre Ilbawi, Jade Chakowa, Richard Sullivan, Ajay Aggarwal

General Surgery, East Africa

Background: Measurement and reporting of quality indicators at the hospital level has been shown to improve outcomes and support patient choice. Although there are many studies validating individual quality indicators, there has been no systematic approach to understanding what quality indicators exist for surgical oncology and no standardization for their use. The aim of this study was to review quality indicators used to assess variation in quality in surgical oncology care across hospitals or regions. It also sought to describe the aims of these studies and what, if any, feedback was offered to the analysed groups.

Methods: A literature search …

Effectiveness Of Blended Pedagogy For Radiographic Interpretation Skills In Operative Dentistry - A Comparison Of Test Scores And Student Experiences At An Undergraduate Dental School In Pakistan, Marium Iqbal, Jacqueline Maria Dias, Amber Shahmim Sultan, Hussain Ahmed Raza, Laeeq Uz Zaman

Department for Educational Development

Background: Utilizing Blended pedagogy (BP) in radiographic skills may prove to be an effective teaching strategy. However, studies on the use of BP in dentistry are quite limited in Pakistan, where teaching has mostly been via traditional Didactic Lectures (DL); and radiographic interpretation skills of undergraduate dental students are suboptimal. Therefore, this study aims to assess whether utilizing BP to teach radiographic interpretation skills is an effective teaching methodology in Pakistan.
Methods: This mixed-method study was conducted on final year dental students at Jinnah Medical and Dental College (JMDC). Two groups of students were utilized for this study, one taught …

Developing And Piloting An Online Course On Osteoporosis Using A Multidisciplinary Multi-Institute Approach- A Cross-Sectional Qualitative Study, Lena Jafri, Hafsa Majid, Arsala Jameel Farooqui, Sibtain Ahmed, Muhammad Umer Naeem Effendi, Maseeh Uz Zaman, Qamar` Riaz, Noreen Nasir, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Sarah Nadeem, Rizwan Haroon Rashid, Aysha Habib

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Introduction: Postgraduate medical trainees (PGs) in developing nations face various educational hurdles due to limited access to quality resources and training facilities. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of e-learning, particularly Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), within postgraduate medical education. It involved the development of a customized online course focused on osteoporosis for PGs and an examination of their perspectives and preferences concerning online learning methods like Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) platforms.
Methods: The study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2020. A multi-institutional, multidisciplinary team was assembled to design an osteoporosis course on the VLE platform. PGs …

Differing Radiation Exposure In Scrub Technicians And Rotating Staff In Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory: Occupation Matters, Nasir Rahman, Maleeha Javed, Ghufran Adnan, Maria Khan, Zeenat Nizar, Izat Shah

Section of Cardiology

Background: Radiation exposure is a significant hazard associated with invasive Cardiology, with most studies based on primary operator exposure. This prospective, observational study aimed to find out over lead radiation exposure as effective dose acquired by non-physician staff comprising scrub technicians and rotating staff in the cath laboratory. Effective dose (ED) measured per procedure via Raysafe i2®dosimeter badges worn by both rotating staff and scrub technicians over lead aprons along with dose area product (DAP), fluoroscopy time (FT) and procedure time (PT) in minutes was collected prospectively over forty-six invasive Cardiology procedures.
Results: This study shows that rotating staff acquire …

Association Of Cardiovascular Risk Profile With Premature All-Cause And Cardiovascular Mortality In Us Adults: Findings From A National Study, Ryan T. Nguyen, Vardhmaan Jain, Isaac Acquah, Safi U. Khan, Tarang Parekh, Mohamad Taha, Salim S. Virani, Michael J. Blaha, Khurram Nasir, Zulqarnain Javed Zulqarnain Javed

Office of the Provost

Objective: To assess the association between cardiovascular risk factor (CRF) profile and premature all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among US adults (age < 65).
Methods: This study used data from the National Health Interview Survey from 2006 to 2014, linked to the National Death Index for non-elderly adults aged < 65 years. A composite CRF score (range = 0-6) was calculated, based on the presence or absence of six established cardiovascular risk factors: hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, obesity, and insufficient physical activity. CRF profile was defined as "Poor" (≥ 3 risk factors), "Average" (1-2), or "Optimal" (0 risk factors). Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) were reported across CRF profile categories, separately for all-cause and CVD mortality. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association between CRF profile and all-cause and CVD mortality.
Results: Among 195,901 non-elderly individuals (mean age: 40.4 ± 13.0, 50% females and 70% Non-Hispanic (NH) White adults), 24.8% had optimal, 58.9% average, and 16.2% poor CRF profiles, respectively. Participants with poor CRF profile were more likely to be NH Black, have lower educational attainment and lower income compared to those with …

Effect Of Suprachoroidal Triamcinolone On Intraocular Pressure: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Altamash Shahriyar Ghazanfar, Aly Hamza Khowaja, Haroon Tayyab

Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences

Background: Triamcinolone acetonide is a synthetic corticosteroid with multiple ocular uses. Like other corticosteroids, it too is associated with ocular side effects such as increased intraocular pressure (IOP), glaucoma and cataracts. Suprachoroidal administration of triamcinolone is hoped to reduce the ocular side effects of the drug, especially rises in IOP. Our systematic review and meta-analysis aims to study this phenomenon.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of suprachoroidal triamcinolone injections on IOP.
Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods: We utilized the Medline, Scopus and Cochrane databases for this review. Studies published till June 2023, which …

Assessing Pattern Of The Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (Pmis) In Children During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Experience From The Emergency Department Of Tertiary Care Center Of A Low-Middle-Income Country, Saleem Akhtar, Iqra Anis, Kumar Nirdosh, Muhammad Ihsan Tayyab Ihsan, Ahmed Raheem Buksh, Surraiya Bano

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (PMIS) is a hyperinflammatory condition affecting multiple organs in children, often resembling incomplete Kawasaki Disease during later phases of COVID-19 infection. Data on PMIS in low-middle-income countries, particularly in emergency department settings, is limited.
Objectives: This prospective observational study at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, aimed to determine the frequency, clinical presentation patterns, and laboratory parameters of children with PMIS visiting the emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic. Secondary objectives included assessing factors associated with in-hospital mortality.
Methods: From March 2020 to September 2021, patients meeting World Health Organization PMIS criteria were enrolled. COVID-19 testing …

Utility Of The 3di Short Version In The Identification And Diagnosis Of Autism In Children At The Kenyan Coast., Patricia Kipkemoi, Symon Kariuki, Joseph Gona, Felicita Wangeci Mwangi, Martha Kombe, Collins Kipkoech, Paul Mwangi, William Mandy, Amina Abubakar, Charles Newton

Institute for Human Development, East Africa

Introduction: The precise epidemiological burden of autism is unknown because of the limited capacity to identify and diagnose the disorder in resource-constrained settings, related in part to a lack of appropriate standardised assessment tools and health care experts. We assessed the reliability, validity, and diagnostic accuracy of the Developmental Diagnostic Dimensional Interview (3Di) in a rural setting on the Kenyan coast.

Methods: Using a large community survey of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), we administered the 3Di to 2,110 children aged between 6 years and 9 years who screened positive or negative for any NDD and selected 242 who had specific symptoms …

Knowledge, Attitudes And Beliefs Toward Polypharmacy Among Older People Attending Family Medicine Clinic, Nairobi, Kenya, Maureen Kamau, Njeri Nyanja, Adelaide Lusambili, Jacob Shabani, Gulnaz Mohamoud

Family Medicine, East Africa

Background Life expectancy has increased over the last century among older people, particularly those aged over 60 years. Aging is associated with increased disability, multiple chronic conditions, and increased use of health services managed with polypharmacy. There are few studies on polypharmacy and aging in sub-Saharan Africa, and it is unclear what older people know and their attitudes toward polypharmacy. This paper presents findings from a study that aimed to understand older people’s knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about polypharmacy.

Methods A qualitative study using in-depth interviews of 15 patients aged 60 years and older who were taking more than five …

The Impact Of Implementation Of A Trauma Care Protocol On The Mortality Of Polytrauma Patients At A Tertiary Centre In Kenya: Case Control Study, Charbel Ngigi Kamau

Master of Medicine in General Surgery

Introduction: This study set out to evaluate how adopting a standardized trauma care protocol, based on the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) program by the American College of Surgeons, impacts the 30-day outcomes of severe trauma patients with Injury Severity Scores (ISS) higher than 15.

Objectives: To determine the association between Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) trauma care protocol use (Introduction) and mortality within 30 days among polytrauma patients at AKUH, N between 2010 and 2022.

Methods: A total of 184 patients, evenly distributed into two groups, were included in the study, all diagnosed with polytrauma with an ISS score …