Medical Specialties Commons^™

Pain Experience And Sensory Changes In Astronauts During And After Short-Lasting Commercial Spaceflight: A Proof-Of-Concept Study, Andrea K Sauer, Marie Vigouroux, Patrick M Dougherty, Juan Pablo Cata, Pablo M Ingelmo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Space travel has been associated with musculoskeletal pain, yet little is known about the nociceptive changes and pain experience during spaceflight. This preliminary study aims to investigate the pain experience and sensory alterations in astronauts following a 17-day mission to the International Space Station (ISS) on Axiom Space's AX-1 commercial space flight. Two participants were enrolled, and data were collected pre-flight, in-flight, post-flight, and three-month post-flight. Validated pain questionnaires assessed anxiety, catastrophizing, impact on physical and mental health, disability, and overall pain experience. Qualitative interviews were conducted post-landing and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and quantitative sensory testing (QST) were performed. …

Virtual Teaching Together: Engaging Parents And Young Children In Stem Activities, Tricia A Zucker, Michael P Mesa, Michael A Assel, Cheryl Mccallum, Dana Demaster

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Early informal learning experiences are essential for sparking long-term interest in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). In a prior study, we found more promising parent involvement outcomes when families of young children were provided with STEM family education events along with home STEM activity kits compared to providing workshops alone. This study was a conceptual replication using the same program-

METHODS: Museum informal science educators introduced four units via virtual video chat sessions linked to 12 hands-on STEM activities that were mailed to families randomly assigned to the treatment group. Half of the families were assigned to a …

An Updated Examination Of The Perception Of Barriers For Pharmacogenomics Implementation And The Usefulness Of Drug/Gene Pairs In Latin America And The Caribbean, Aimeé Salas-Hernández, Macarena Galleguillos, Matías Carrasco, Andrés López-Cortés, María Ana Redal, Dora Fonseca-Mendoza, Patricia Esperón, Farith González-Martínez, Ismael Lares-Asseff, Alberto Lazarowski, Verónica Loera-Castañeda, Diadelis Remírez, Matías F Martínez, Rodrigo Vargas, Fabricio Rios-Santos, Antonio Macho, Juan P Cayún, Germán R Perez, Carolina Gutierrez, Leslie C Cerpa, Tamara Leiva, Susan Calfunao, Lesly Xajil, Christopher Sandoval, Marcelo Suárez, Ariana Gonzalez, Gabriela Echeverría-Garcés, Luis Sullón-Dextre, Eugenia Cordero-García, Alexis R Morales, Andrea Avendaño, Enrique Sánchez, Laura C Bastone, Cesar Lara, Patricia Zuluaga-Arias, Ana María Soler, Julio Da Luz, Gabriela Burgueño-Rodríguez, Marcelo Vital, Elizabeth Reyes-Reyes, Alexander Huaccha, Yeimy V Ariza, Naomi Tzul, Ana L Rendón, Roberto Serrano, Larissa Acosta, Angelo Motta-Pardo, Leonardo Beltrán-Angarita, Erika Brand, Miguel A Jiménez, Gladys Maribel Hidalgo-Lozada, Marina M J Romero-Prado, Karla Escobar-Castro, Mariel Umaña-Rivas, Juan D Vivas, Paola Lagos, Yineth Ballén Martínez, Sharleth Quesada, Camila Calfio, Maria L Arias, María A Lavanderos, Dante D Cáceres, Alberto Salazar-Granara, Nelson M Varela, Luis A Quiñones

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is considered an emergent field in developing countries. Research on PGx in the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region remains scarce, with limited information in some populations. Thus, extrapolations are complicated, especially in mixed populations. In this paper, we reviewed and analyzed pharmacogenomic knowledge among the LAC scientific and clinical community and examined barriers to clinical application. We performed a search for publications and clinical trials in the field worldwide and evaluated the contribution of LAC. Next, we conducted a regional structured survey that evaluated a list of 14 potential barriers to the clinical implementation of biomarkers …

Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity: A Consequence Of More Fundamental Learning Rules, Matthew E Foster, Ai Leen Choo, Sara A Smith

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Research points to negative associations between educational success, socioemotional functioning, and the severity of symptoms in some speech-language disorders (SLDs). Nonetheless, the majority of studies examining SLDs in children have focused on monolinguals. More research is needed to determine whether the scant findings among multilinguals are robust. The present study used parent report data from the U.S. National Survey of Children’s Health (2018 to 2020) to gain a better understanding of the impacts of SLD severity on indicators of academic success and socioemotional functioning among multilingual (n = 255) and English monolingual (n = 5,952) children with SLDs. …

Containment Measures During The Covid Pandemic: The Role Of Non-Pharmaceutical Health Policies, Michael Funke, Tai-Kuang Ho, Andrew Tsang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Many countries have imposed a set of non-pharmaceutical health policy interventions in an effort to slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this paper is to examine the effects of the interventions, drawing on evidence from the OECD countries. A special feature here is the mechanism that underlies the impact of the containment policies. To this end, a causal mediation analysis decomposing the total effect into a direct and an indirect effect is conducted. The key finding is a dual cause-effect channel. On the one hand, there is a direct effect of the non-pharmaceutical interventions on the …

Attitudes, Perceptions, And Preferences Towards Sars Cov-2 Testing And Vaccination Among African American And Hispanic Public Housing Residents, New York City: 2020-2021, Chigozirim Izeogu, Emily Gill, Kaitlyn Van Allen, Natasha Williams, Lorna E Thorpe, Donna Shelley

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background

African American and Hispanic populations have been affected disproportionately by COVID-19. Reasons are multifactorial and include social and structural determinants of health. During the onset and height of the pandemic, evidence suggested decreased access to SARS CoV-2 testing. In 2020, the National Institutes of Health launched the Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics (RADx)- Underserved Populations initiative to improve SARS CoV-2 testing in underserved communities. In this study, we explored attitudes, experiences, and barriers to SARS CoV-2 testing and vaccination among New York City public housing residents.

Methods

Between December 2020 and March 2021, we conducted 9 virtual focus groups among …

Ethnic And Racial Differences In Self-Reported Symptoms, Health Status, Activity Level, And Missed Work At 3 And 6 Months Following Sars-Cov-2 Infection, Kelli N O'Laughlin, Robin E Klabbers, Imtiaz Ebna Mannan, Nicole L Gentile, Rachel E Geyer, Zihan Zheng, Huihui Yu, Shu-Xia Li, Kwun C G Chan, Erica S Spatz, Ralph C Wang, Michelle L'Hommedieu, Robert A Weinstein, Ian D Plumb, Michael Gottlieb, Ryan M Huebinger, Melissa Hagen, Joann G Elmore, Mandy J Hill, Morgan Kelly, Samuel Mcdonald, Kristin L Rising, Robert M Rodriguez, Arjun Venkatesh, Ahamed H Idris, Michelle Santangelo, Katherine Koo, Sharon Saydah, Graham Nichol, Kari A Stephens

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Data on ethnic and racial differences in symptoms and health-related impacts following SARS-CoV-2 infection are limited. We aimed to estimate the ethnic and racial differences in symptoms and health-related impacts 3 and 6 months after the first SARS-CoV-2 infection.

METHODS: Participants included adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection enrolled in a prospective multicenter US study between 12/11/2020 and 7/4/2022 as the primary cohort of interest, as well as a SARS-CoV-2-negative cohort to account for non-SARS-CoV-2-infection impacts, who completed enrollment and 3-month surveys (

RESULTS: Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, the majority of symptoms were similar over time between ethnic and racial groups. At …

Family-Level Antecedents Of Children's Patterns Of Reactivity To Interparental Conflict: Testing The Reformulation Of Emotional Security Theory, Patrick T Davies, Joanna K Pearson, Vanessa T Cao, Melissa L Sturge-Apple

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Guided by emotional security theory, this study examined the family-level antecedents of children's reaction patterns to interparental conflict in a sample of 243 preschool children (M age = 4.60 years; 48% Black; 16% Latinx; 56% girls) and their parents in the Northeastern United States. Behavioral observations of children's responses to interparental conflict over two annual measurement occasions assessed their tendencies to exhibit four patterns of defending against threat: secure (i.e., efficiently address direct threats), mobilizing (i.e., high reactivity to potential threat and social opportunities), dominant (i.e., directly defeat threat), and demobilizing (i.e., reduce salience as a target of hostility). …

Pain Experience And Sensory Changes In Astronauts During And After Short-Lasting Commercial Spaceflight: A Proof-Of-Concept Study, Andrea K Sauer, Marie Vigouroux, Patrick M Dougherty, Juan Pablo Cata, Pablo M Ingelmo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Space travel has been associated with musculoskeletal pain, yet little is known about the nociceptive changes and pain experience during spaceflight. This preliminary study aims to investigate the pain experience and sensory alterations in astronauts following a 17-day mission to the International Space Station (ISS) on Axiom Space's AX-1 commercial space flight. Two participants were enrolled, and data were collected pre-flight, in-flight, post-flight, and three-month post-flight. Validated pain questionnaires assessed anxiety, catastrophizing, impact on physical and mental health, disability, and overall pain experience. Qualitative interviews were conducted post-landing and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and quantitative sensory testing (QST) were performed. …

Social Protection And Foundational Cognitive Skills During Adolescence: Evidence From A Large Public Works Program, Nader Aboul-Fettouh, Kevin P Lee, Natalie Kash, Kathleen Kroger, Sirunya Silapunt

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Reddit, a popular social media website, has numerous forums where users may discuss healthcare-related topics and request diagnostic and treatment advice for dermatologic conditions. We sought to analyze and grade user-submitted requests for dermatologic advice and their top responses on Reddit.

METHODS: User-submitted posts requesting diagnostic advice and their respective responses on two popular Reddit forums, SkinCareAddiction (ScA) and DermatologyQuestions (DQ), were reviewed by three board-certified dermatologists using a grading rubric designed for this study.

RESULTS: 300 posts and comments were reviewed. Diagnoses among all graders matched in 52.3% of posts with a mean grader confidence score of 4/5 …

Evaluation Of The Effect Of New Multimodal Analgesia Regimen For Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled, Single-Center Clinical Study, Lin Jin, Yafen Liang, Ying Yu, Peng Miao, Yihao Huang, Liying Xu, Huilin Wang, Chunsheng Wang, Jiapeng Huang, Kefang Guo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of multimodal regimen by paracetamol, gabapentin, ketamine, lidocaine, dexmedetomidine and sufentanil among cardiac surgery patients, and compare the analgesia efficacy with conventional sufentanil-based regimen.

DESIGN: A single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.

SETTING: One participating center, the cardiovascular center of the major integrated teaching hospital.

PARTICIPANTS: A total of 115 patients were assessed for eligibility: 108 patients were randomized, 7 cases were excluded.

INTERVENTIONS: The control group (group T) received conventional anesthesia management. Interventions in the multimodal group (group M) were as follows in addition to the standard of care: gabapentin and acetaminophen 1 hour …

Sex And Race Disparities In Mortality And Years Of Potential Life Lost Among People With Hiv: A 21-Year Observational Cohort Study, Rachael A Pellegrino, Peter F Rebeiro, Megan Turner, Amber Davidson, Noelle Best, Chandler Shaffernocker, Asghar Kheshti, Sean Kelly, Stephen Raffanti, Timothy R Sterling, Jessica L Castilho

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Since the availability of antiretroviral therapy, mortality rates among people with HIV (PWH) have decreased; however, this does not quantify premature deaths among PWH, and disparities persist.

METHODS: We examined all-cause and premature mortality among PWH receiving care at the Vanderbilt Comprehensive Care Clinic from January 1998 to December 2018. Mortality rates were compared by demographic and clinical factors, and adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) were calculated using multivariable Poisson regression. For individuals who died, age-adjusted years of potential life lost (aYPLL) per total person-years living with HIV were calculated from US sex-specific life tables, and sex and race …

Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Intercostal Cryoneurolysis For Acute-On-Chronic Pain In Cloves Syndrome, Sudipta Sen, Johanna B De Haan, Mariam Mehrafza, Nadia Hernandez

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Cryoneurolysis is an analgesic method that has been shown to provide extended pain relief in postoperative patients. However, to date, this method has not been described in nonsurgical inpatients with chronic pain experiencing an acute exacerbation. This analgesic modality has the potential to provide pain relief for patients whose expected duration of severe acute pain would outlast that of other regional anesthetic techniques while avoiding opioid escalation and facilitating discharge. We present a patient with acute exacerbation of chronic pain from breast ulcerations caused by congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal nevis, spinal/skeletal anomalies/scoliosis (CLOVES) syndrome that was successfully treated …

A Comparison Of Chief Complaints, Specific Diagnoses, And Demographics Of Pediatric Urgent Care Visits Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Study, Zaharoula A. Viennas, Julie Martin, Benjamin Klick, Tammy Speerhas, Turaj Vazifedan, Danielle Millspaugh, Jennifer Ferris, Margret Bedle, Lauren Paluch, Theresa Guins

Ellmer School of Nursing Faculty Publications

There was an increased incidence of pediatric patients who presented with injuries caused by falls not related to sports or other recreational activities, as well as for animal bites, during the early pandemic period of April 2020. Education of parents and caregivers of young children is warranted to raise awareness of the even greater potential for falls and animal bites when children are confined at home for longer than typical periods of time, as occurred with the stay-at-home government orders during the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Quality Care Is Equitable Care: A Call To Action To Link Quality To Achieving Health Equity Within Acute Care Surgery, Lisa M Knowlton, Tanya Zakrison, Lillian S Kao, Marta L Mccrum, Suresh Agarwal, Brandon Bruns, Kathie-Ann Joseph, Cherisse Berry

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Health equity is defined as the sixth domain of healthcare quality. Understanding health disparities in acute care surgery (defined as trauma surgery, emergency general surgery and surgical critical care) is key to identifying targets that will improve outcomes and ensure delivery of high-quality care within healthcare organizations. Implementing a health equity framework within institutions such that local acute care surgeons can ensure equity is a component of quality is imperative. Recognizing this need, the AAST (American Association for the Surgery of Trauma) Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Committee convened an expert panel entitled 'Quality Care is Equitable Care' at the 81st …

A Need For Further Education On Buprenorphine In Pain Medicine, Jamal Hasoon, Anvinh Nguyen, Ivan Urits, Christopher Robinson, Omar Viswanath, Alan D Kaye

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

With the ongoing opioid epidemic in the United States there has been a strong transition towards utilizing multi-modal analgesia, interventional procedures, and non-opioid medications when managing acute and chronic pain. There has also been an increased interest in utilizing buprenorphine. Buprenorphine is a novel long-acting analgesic with partial mu-opioid agonist activity that can be utilized for analgesia as well as opioid use disorder. Buprenorphine also has a unique set of side effects as well pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties that require special attention, especially if these patients require future surgical interventions. Given the increased interest in this medication we believe that …

Pilot Study Of A Spanish Language Measure Of Financial Toxicity In Underserved Hispanic Cancer Patients With Low English Proficiency, Julia J Shi, Gwendolyn J Mcginnis, Susan K Peterson, Nicolette Taku, Ying-Shiuan Chen, Robert K Yu, Chi-Fang Wu, Tito R Mendoza, Sanjay S Shete, Hilary Ma, Robert J Volk, Sharon H Giordano, Ya-Chen T Shih, Diem-Khanh Nguyen, Kelsey W Kaiser, Grace L Smith

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Financial toxicity (FT) reflects multi-dimensional personal economic hardships borne by cancer patients. It is unknown whether measures of FT-to date derived largely from English-speakers-adequately capture economic experiences and financial hardships of medically underserved low English proficiency US Hispanic cancer patients. We piloted a Spanish language FT instrument in this population.

METHODS: We piloted a Spanish version of the Economic Strain and Resilience in Cancer (ENRICh) FT measure using qualitative cognitive interviews and surveys in un-/under-insured or medically underserved, low English proficiency, Spanish-speaking Hispanics (UN-Spanish,

RESULTS: UN-Spanish Hispanic participants reported high acceptability of the instrument (only 0% responded that the …

Adolescent Loneliness During The Covid-19 Pandemic: The Role Of Pre-Pandemic Risk Factors, Hena Thakur, Morgan Stutts, Jae Wan Choi, Jeff R Temple, Joseph R Cohen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global mental health crisis that disproportionately impacts adolescents. Loneliness is a particularly salient pandemic psychosocial outcome to understand; however, research to date on this outcome is sparse and largely cross-sectional. In response, we examined pre-pandemic risk factors for pandemic loneliness. Further, we examined how risk may differ based on key demographics, and whether mediation or moderation models best explained potential disparities in experiencing loneliness. Self-reported, pre-pandemic mental health, trauma exposure, and family conflict survey data were collected at Wave 1 in a diverse sample of 369 adolescents (54.5% female, 45.5% male; 30.1% White; 30.9% Black; …

A Systematic Review Of Treatments For Misophonia, Seth A Mattson, Johann D'Souza, Katharine D Wojcik, Andrew G Guzick, Wayne K Goodman, Eric A Storch

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Research into misophonia treatments has been limited and it is unclear what treatment approaches may be effective. This systematic review extracted and synthesized relevant treatment research on misophonia to examine the efficacy of various intervention modalities and identify current trends in order to guide future treatment research. PubMed, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central were searched 4using the keywords "misophonia," "decreased sound tolerance," "selective sound sensitivity," or "decreased sound sensitivity." Of the 169 records available for initial screening, 33 studied misophonia treatment specifically. Data were available for one randomized controlled trial, one open label trial, and 31 case studies. Treatments …

Development Of Competency-Based Online Genomic Medicine Training (Cogent), Susanne B Haga, Wendy K Chung, Luis A Cubano, Timothy B Curry, Philip E Empey, Geoffrey S Ginsburg, Kara Mangold, Christina Y Miyake, Siddharth K Prakash, Laura B Ramsey, Robb Rowley, Carolyn R Rohrer Vitek, Todd C Skaar, Julia Wynn, Teri A Manolio

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The fields of genetics and genomics have greatly expanded across medicine through the development of new technologies that have revealed genetic contributions to a wide array of traits and diseases. Thus, the development of widely available educational resources for all healthcare providers is essential to ensure the timely and appropriate utilization of genetics and genomics patient care. In 2020, the National Human Genome Research Institute released a call for new proposals to develop accessible, sustainable online education for health providers. This paper describes the efforts of the six teams awarded to reach the goal of providing genetic and genomic training …

Climate Change As A Social Determinant Of Health: An Interactive Case-Based Learning Activity, Arindam Sarkar, Nital P Appelbaum, Rathi Asaithambi, Connie Tran, Doris Lin, Anjali Aggarwal, Stephanie Nguyen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: Despite consensus on climate change's impact on humans, medical schools have not widely adopted inclusion of environmental topics into their mandatory curriculum. This educational activity explicitly addresses climate change as one of the environmental determinants of health (EDH).

METHODS: We developed a required, 1-hour module for all first-year medical students. This interactive, case-based, small-group activity was incorporated into a curriculum within an advising program but could be run independently. Before and after the session, participants completed evaluations assessing knowledge gains and attitude shifts.

RESULTS: Of 183 first-year students, 155 completed both pre- and postmodule surveys. Participants' rating increased on …

A Multicenter Study To Evaluate Pain Characteristics In Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Mercedes Rodriguez Celin, Karen M Kruger, Angela Caudill, Chaya N Murali, Sandesh C S Nagamani, Peter A Smith, Gerald F Harris

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The objective was to describe pain characteristics and treatments used in individuals with varying severity of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and investigate pain-associated variables. This work was derived from a multicenter, longitudinal, observational, natural history study of OI conducted at 12 clinical sites of the NIH Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network's Brittle Bone Disorders Consortium. Children and adults with a clinical, biochemical, or molecular diagnosis of OI were enrolled in the study. We did a cross-sectional analysis of chronic pain prevalence, characteristics, and treatments used for pain relief and longitudinal analysis to find the predictors of chronic pain. We included 861 …

Participant Perceptions Of Changes In Psychosocial Domains Following Participation In An Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation Trial, Amanda R Merner, Kristin Kostick-Quenet, Tiffany A Campbell, Michelle T Pham, Clarissa E Sanchez, Laura Torgerson, Jill Robinson, Stacey Pereira, Simon Outram, Barbara A Koenig, Philip A Starr, Aysegul Gunduz, Kelly D Foote, Michael S Okun, Wayne Goodman, Amy L Mcguire, Peter Zuk, Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: There has been substantial controversy in the neuroethics literature regarding the extent to which deep brain stimulation (DBS) impacts dimensions of personality, mood, and behavior.

OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: Despite extensive debate in the theoretical literature, there remains a paucity of empirical data available to support or refute claims related to the psychosocial changes following DBS.

METHODS: A mixed-methods approach was used to examine the perspectives of patients who underwent DBS regarding changes to their personality, authenticity, autonomy, risk-taking, and overall quality of life.

RESULTS: Patients (n = 21) who were enrolled in adaptive DBS trials for Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, obsessive-compulsive …

Policy Options To Facilitate Cancer Genomic Variant Data Sharing: Outcomes Of A Modified Policy Delphi, Jill O Robinson, Amira Daoud, Janis Geary, Vasiliki Rahimzadeh, Juli Bollinger, Christi J Guerrini, Robert Cook-Deegan, Amy L Mcguire, Mary A Majumder

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Sharing cancer gene variant and relevant clinical data could accelerate progress in cancer genomics. However, data sharing is currently impeded by issues related to financial sustainability, equity, incentives, privacy and security, and data quality. Evidence-based policy options to facilitate data sharing in these domains, and ultimately improve interpretation of cancer-associated genomic variants, are therefore needed. We conducted a modified policy Delphi with expert stakeholders that involved generating, evaluating, and ranking potential policy options to address these issues, with a focus on the US context. We found policy options in the financial sustainability domain were highly ranked, particularly stable funding for …

Deep Brain Stimulation For Pediatric Dystonia: Clinicians' Perspectives On The Most Pressing Ethical Challenges, Kristin M Kostick-Quenet, Lavina Kalwani, Laura N Torgerson, Katrina Munoz, Clarissa Sanchez, Eric A Storch, J S Blumenthal-Barby, Gabriel Lazáro-Muñoz

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Introduction: Pediatric deep brain stimulation (pDBS) is commonly used to manage treatment-resistant primary dystonias with favorable results and more frequently used for secondary dystonia to improve quality of life. There has been little systematic empirical neuroethics research to identify ethical challenges and potential solutions to ensure responsible use of DBS in pediatric populations.

Methods: Clinicians (n = 29) who care for minors with treatment-resistant dystonia were interviewed for their perspectives on the most pressing ethical issues in pDBS.

Results: Using thematic content analysis to explore salient themes, clinicians identified four pressing concerns: (1) uncertainty about risks and benefits of pDBS …

Neurocognitive Correlates Of Cerebellar Volumetric Alterations In Youth With Pediatric Bipolar Spectrum Disorders And Bipolar Offspring, Kirti Saxena, Alessio Simonetti, Christopher D Verrico, Delfina Janiri, Marco Di Nicola, Antonello Catinari, Sherin Kurian, Johanna Saxena, Benson Mwangi, Jair C Soares

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence points towards the involvement of the cerebellum in the processing of emotions and pathophysiology of mood disorders. However, cerebellar and related cognitive alterations in youth with pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) and those at high risk to develop the disorder, such as bipolar offspring (BD-OFF) are not clearly defined.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate cerebellar gray and white matter volumes, cognition, and their relationship in youth with PBD and BD-OFF.

METHODS: Thirty youth (7 to 17 years, inclusive) with PBD, 30 BD-OFF and 40 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Study participants underwent a computer-based cognitive battery assessing affective processing, executive …

A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Long Term Physical And Mental Sequelae Of Covid-19 Pandemic: Call For Research Priority And Action, Na Zeng, Yi-Miao Zhao, Wei Yan, Chao Li, Qing-Dong Lu, Lin Liu, Shu-Yu Ni, Huan Mei, Kai Yuan, Le Shi, Peng Li, Teng-Teng Fan, Jun-Liang Yuan, Michael V Vitiello, Thomas Kosten, Alexandra L Kondratiuk, Hong-Qiang Sun, Xiang-Dong Tang, Mei-Yan Liu, Ajit Lalvani, Jie Shi, Yan-Ping Bao, Lin Lu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The long-term physical and mental sequelae of COVID-19 are a growing public health concern, yet there is considerable uncertainty about their prevalence, persistence and predictors. We conducted a comprehensive, up-to-date meta-analysis of survivors' health consequences and sequelae for COVID-19. PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched through Sep 30th, 2021. Observational studies that reported the prevalence of sequelae of COVID-19 were included. Two reviewers independently undertook the data extraction and quality assessment. Of the 36,625 records identified, a total of 151 studies were included involving 1,285,407 participants from thirty-two countries. At least one sequelae symptom occurred in 50.1% (95% …

Clinical Hypoxemia Score For Outpatient Child Pneumonia Care Lacking Pulse Oximetry In Africa And South Asia, Holly B Schuh, Shubhada Hooli, Salahuddin Ahmed, Carina King, Arunangshu D Roy, Norman Lufesi, Asmd Ashraful Islam, Tisungane Mvalo, Nabidul H Chowdhury, Amy Sarah Ginsburg, Tim Colbourn, William Checkley, Abdullah H Baqui, Eric D Mccollum

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Pulse oximeters are not routinely available in outpatient clinics in low- and middle-income countries. We derived clinical scores to identify hypoxemic child pneumonia.

METHODS: This was a retrospective pooled analysis of two outpatient datasets of 3-35 month olds with World Health Organization (WHO)-defined pneumonia in Bangladesh and Malawi. We constructed, internally validated, and compared fit & discrimination of four models predicting SpO

RESULTS: 12,712 observations were included. The independent and composite LASSO models discriminated moderately (both C-statistic 0.77) between children with a SpO

CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of pulse oximeters, both LASSO models better identified outpatient hypoxemic pneumonia cases …

Indices Of Sarcopenic Obesity Are Important Predictors Of Finite Element Analysis-Derived Bone Strength In Older Adults With Obesity, Giulia Gregori, Arjun Paudyal, Yoann Barnouin, Alessandra Celli, Martha Belen Segoviano-Escobar, Reina Armamento-Villareal, Nicola Napoli, Clifford Qualls, Dennis T Villareal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The expanding population of older adults with obesity is a public health challenge, in part, because of the increased risk of fractures despite normal or high bone mineral density. Potential factors predisposing to fractures in this group include sarcopenia associated with obesity and impaired bone quality. We aimed to determine the contribution of sarcopenic obesity (SO) indices to bone strength as assessed by microfinite element analysis (μFEA) of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT).

METHODS: One-hundred eighty-nine older (age ≥ 65 years) adults with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m

RESULTS: Both ALM/W and HGS were positively correlated explaining 28% …

Family Structure And Child Behavior Problems In Australia, The United Kingdom, And The United States, Nina A. Stoddard-Bennett, Jordan Coburn, Mikaela J. Dufur, Jonathan A. Jarvis, Shana L. Pribesh

Educational Leadership & Workforce Development Faculty Publications

A large body of literature suggests that children living with two married, biological parents on average have fewer behavior problems than those who do not. What is less clear is why this occurs. Competing theories suggest that resource deficiencies and parental selectivity play a part. We suggest that examining different contexts can help adjudicate among different theoretical explanations as to how family structure relates to child behavior problems. In this paper, we use data from the Growing Up in Australia: Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC), the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), and the US Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K) …