Medical Specialties Commons^™

The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Care Delivery And Quality Of Life In Lung Cancer Surgery, Dede K. Teteh, Jovani Barajas, Betty Ferrell, Ziaoke Zhou, Loretta Erhunmwunsee, Dan J. Raz, Jae Y. Kim, Virginia Sun

Health Sciences and Kinesiology Faculty Articles

Background

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (COVID-19) pandemic and associated restrictions have altered the delivery of surgical care. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of COVID-19 on care delivery and quality of life (QOL) from the perspectives of lung cancer surgery patients, family caregivers (FCGs), and thoracic surgery teams.

Methods

Patients/FCGs enrolled in a randomized trial of a self-management intervention for lung cancer surgery preparation/recovery were invited to participate in this qualitative study. Patients/FCGs data were collected separately 1-month postdischarge. Interviews were also conducted with thoracic surgery team members. Content analysis approaches were …

Annual Hepatitis C Screening Qi: A Scoping Review, Sadiat Omowunmi Adebiyi Bsn, Rn, Sakinah Shaw Bsn, Rn, Tracy Mcclinton Dnp, Ag-Acnp-Bc, Sharon Little Dnp, Fnp-Bc, Aprn

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background Despite the surge in HCV prevalence among pregnant women and the threat of perinatal HCV transmission, infants exposed to HCV in the United States are inadequately screened (Chappell et al., 2018). It is estimated that between 4% and 8% of babies exposed to HCV during pregnancy become infected (Watts et al., 2017). Incorporating Hep C screening with other mandated prenatal screening will play an essential role in reducing the complications associated with Hep C transmission to the newborn.

Methods Article search was done in the first three weeks of the fall 2021 semester, and a total of 63 articles …

Unifying Multi-State Efforts Through A Nationally Coordinated Extension Diabetes Program, Laura Balis, Shari Gallup, Heather Norman-Burgdolf, Julie Buck, Pam Daniels, Dan Remley, Lisa Graves, Margaret Jenkins, Gayle Price

Dietetics and Human Nutrition Faculty Publications

The Cooperative Extension System translates research to practice and “brings the University to the people” throughout the U.S. However, the system suffers from program duplication and is challenged to scale-out effective programs. One program, Dining with Diabetes (DWD), stands out for its dissemination to multiple states. DWD is a community-based program aimed at improving diabetes management, nutrition, and physical activity behaviors. DWD was coordinated through a national working group and implemented by state Extension systems. A pragmatic, quasi-experimental study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the national coordination model and the overall impact of DWD. Four states reported data …

Meal Timing, Meal Frequency And Metabolic Syndrome, Fatema Alkhulaifi, Charles Darkoh

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Individuals with metabolic syndrome have increased risk for developing health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Modifiable risk factors, such as exercise and diet, are key components in the prevention and control of metabolic syndrome. Specifically, dietary patterns and habits are extremely successful in controlling more than one of the metabolic syndrome risk factors. Meal timing and frequency have been associated with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other chronic conditions. However, there is limited evidence linking metabolic syndrome to meal timing and meal frequency. This review summarizes and discusses how meal timing and frequency impact metabolic outcomes in adults.

Sotrovimab: Neutralizing Antibody To Combat Covid-19, Aya Allam, Steven Lippmann

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Are Antipyretic Medications Compatible With Sars-Cov-2 Vaccines?, Sharanya S E Santhi, Niguma Rayamajhi, Steven B Lippmann

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Advancements In Left Ventricular Assist Devices To Prevent Pump Thrombosis And Blood Coagulopathy, Grainne Malone, Gerges Abdelsayed, Fianait Bligh, Fatma Al Qattan, Saifullah Syed, Prateepan Varatharajullu, Augustin Msellati, Daniela Mwipatayi, Maimoona Azhar, Saulat Hasnain Fatimi

Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices, such as left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are very useful in improving outcomes in patients with advanced-stage heart failure. Despite recent advances in LVAD development, pump thrombosis is one of the most severe adverse events caused by LVADs. The contact of blood with artificial materials of LVAD pumps and cannulas triggers the coagulation cascade. Heat spots, for example, produced by mechanical bearings are often subjected to thrombus build-up when low-flow situations impair washout and thus the necessary cooling does not happen. The formation of thrombus in an LVAD may compromise its function, causing a drop …

Impact Of Social Determinants Of Health On Adherence To Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Recommendations: A Scoping Review, Charles W. Stewart Cpnp, Diana Dedmon Dnp, Aprn, Fnp-Bc

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background: Pediatric health is significantly affected by social determinants of health. Screening for and addressing social determinants of health helps to decrease negative effect on health outcomes. The purpose of this project is to determine if there is an association between addressing or not addressing social determinants of health by the healthcare provider and parents’ adherence to treatment recommendations in children with urinary tract infections.

Methods: Between October 2020 and November 2021, a literature review was performed to obtain data from studies regarding urinary tract infections, social determinants of health and adherence to treatment recommendations. The University of Tennessee Health …

Covid-19 Newsletter (Vol. 115), Center For Disaster Medicine, New York Medical College

COVID-19 Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Protecting A Woman’S Right To Abortion During A Public Health Crisis, San Juanita Gonzalez

The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice

As COVID-19 infected our nation, states were quick to issue executive orders restricting various aspects of daily life under the pretense of public safety. It was clear at the outset that certain civil liberties were going to be tested. Among them, the constitutional right to an abortion.

This comment explores Texas’ response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the limitations it imposed on abortion access. It will attempt to address the legitimacy of the “public health concerns” listed in executive orders issued throughout numerous states and will discuss the pertinent legal framework and judicial scrutiny to apply.

According to the Fifth …

Anakinra Treatment Efficacy In Reduction Of Inflammatory Biomarkers In Covid-19 Patients: A Meta-Analysis, Zunaira Naveed, Musharraf Sarwar, Zahid Ali, Danish Saeed, Khadija Choudhry, Azza Sarfraz, Zouina Sarfraz, Miguel Felix, Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Introduction: Anakinra is being empirically considered for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The aim is to assess the efficacy of anakinra treatment on inflammatory marker reduction, including c-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, serum ferritin, and serum d-dimer levels.
Methods: Adhering to PRISMA 2020 statement guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across the following databases from December 2019 until January 10, 2022: PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE. The following keywords were employed: Anakinra, COVID*, SARS-CoV-2, inflammatory, CRP, D-dimer, Ferritin, hematological, laboratory, clinical, trials. The findings were collated and presented in a tabulated manner, and statistically analyzed using Review …

Stroke Network Of Wisconsin (Snow) Scale Predicts Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke In The Prehospital Setting, Kessarin Panichpisal, Sarah Erpenbeck, Paul Vilar, Reji P. Babygirija, Maharaj Singh, M. Riccardo Colella, Richard A. Rovin

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: In previous trials, the Stroke Network of Wisconsin (SNOW) scale accurately predicted large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke in the hospital setting. This study evaluated SNOW scale performance in the prehospital setting and its ability to predict LVO or distal medium vessel occlusion (DMVO) in patients suspected of having acute ischemic stroke (AIS), a scenario in which transport time to an endovascular treatment-capable facility (ECSC) is critical.

Methods: All potential AIS patients with last-known-well time of ≤ 24 hours were assessed by Milwaukee County Emergency Medical Services for LVO using SNOW. Patients with a positive SNOW score were transferred to …

Association Of Natural Waterways And Legionella Pneumophila Infection In Eastern Wisconsin: A Case-Control Study, Hannah M. William, Kayla Heslin, Jessica J. F. Kram, Caroline P. Toberna, Dennis J. Baumgardner

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Preliminary research has suggested possible associations between natural waterways and Legionella infection, and we previously explored these associations in eastern Wisconsin using positive L. pneumophila serogroup 1 urine antigen tests (LUAT) as diagnostic. This case-control study was a secondary analysis of home address data from patients who underwent LUAT at a single eastern Wisconsin health system from 2013 to 2017. Only zip codes within the health system’s catchment area that registered ≥ 3 positive cases and ≥ 50 completed tests, as well as geographically adjacent zip codes with ≥ 2 positive cases and ≥ 50 tests, were included. A 1:3 …

Associations Between Residential Greenspace, Socioeconomic Status, And Stroke: A Matched Case-Control Study, Heloise Cheruvalath, Jennifer Homa, Maharaj Singh, Paul Vilar, Amin Kassam, Richard A. Rovin

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Studies have shown increased residential greenspace is associated with improved outcome following stroke. This study sought to determine if residential greenspace is an independent stroke risk factor.

Methods: A retrospective 1:4 matched case-control study involving 1174 stroke and 4696 control patients over a 3-year period from Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, was conducted. Greenspace was determined using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for a 250-meter radius surrounding a subject’s residence. The area deprivation index (ADI) for the census block tract of a subject’s residence was obtained from the Neighborhood Atlas® (University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health). …

Electrocardiogram-Based Machine Learning Emulator Model For Predicting Novel Echocardiography-Derived Phenogroups For Cardiac Risk-Stratification: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study, Heenaben B. Patel, Naveena Yanamala, Brijesh Patel, Sameer Raina, Peter D. Farjo, Srinidhi Sunkara, Márton Tokodi, Nobuyuki Kagiyama, Grace Casaclang-Verzosa, Partho P. Sengupta

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Electrocardiography (ECG)-derived machine learning models can predict echocardiography (echo)-derived indices of systolic or diastolic function. However, systolic and diastolic dysfunction frequently coexists, which necessitates an integrated assessment for optimal risk-stratification. We explored an ECG-derived model that emulates an echo-derived model that combines multiple parameters for identifying patient phenogroups at risk for major adverse cardiac events (MACE).

Methods: In this substudy of a prospective, multicenter study, patients from 3 institutions (n = 727) formed an internal cohort, and the fourth institution was reserved as an external test set (n = 518). A previously validated patient similarity analysis model was used …

Vitamin D Level Testing In An Urban Midwest Clinic: To Test Or Not To Test?, Daniel Mundt, Marianne Klumph, Kayla Heslin, Wajih Askar

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is significantly higher among urban populations in the U.S. Midwest, with African Americans being disproportionately affected. There is ongoing debate surrounding who and how often individuals should be screened for VDD. This study aimed to understand the prevalence of VDD, associated risk factors, and discrepancies in testing at an urban-based internal medicine residency clinic. Data were retrospectively collected on all adult patients seen by the clinic during 2018 and descriptive statistical analysis performed. Among 3976 total patients (mean age: 53 years), 18% (n = 698) had vitamin D levels analyzed, with deficiency found in 71% of …

Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, And Outcomes Among A Large Midwestern U.S. Cohort Of Patients Hospitalized With Covid-19 Prior To Vaccine Availability, Viviana Zlochiver, Ana Cristina Perez Moreno, Michael Peterson, Khalil Odeh, Ashley Mainville, Katherine Busniewski, Jon Wrobel, Mohamed Hommeida, Blair Tilkens, Payal Sharma, Hlu Vang, Sara Walczak, Fekadesilassie Moges, Kritika Garg, A. Jamil Tajik, Suhail Q. Allaqaband, Tanvir Bajwa, M. Fuad Jan

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic posed unprecedented demands on health care. This study aimed to characterize COVID-19 inpatients and examine trends and risk factors associated with hospitalization duration, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and in-hospital mortality.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalized at an integrated health system between February 2, 2020, and December 12, 2020. Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were obtained from medical records. Backward stepwise logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors of ICU admission and in-hospital mortality. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate relationships between ICU admission and in-hospital …

Hyperdynamic Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Is Associated With Higher Mortality In Covid-19 Patients, Annas Rahman, Max Ruge, Md, Alex Hlepas, Batha Nair, Joanne Gomez, Jeanne Du Fey De Lavallaz, Setri Fugar, Nusrat Jahan, Annabelle Santos Volgman, Kim A. Williams, Anupama Rao, Karolina Marinescu, Tisha Suboc

Division of Internal Medicine Faculty Papers & Presentations

Study objective: To compare the characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with a hyperdynamic LVEF (HDLVEF) to those with a normal or reduced LVEF.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: Rush University Medical Center.

Participants: Of the 1682 adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19, 419 had a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) during admission and met study inclusion criteria. Interventions: Participants were divided into reduced (LVEF < 50%), normal (≥50% and <70%), and hyper- dynamic (≥70%) LVEF groups.

Main outcome measures: LVEF was assessed as a predictor of 60-day mortality. Logistic regression was used to adjust for age and BMI.

Results: There was no difference in 60-day mortality between patients in the reduced LVEF and normal LVEF …

Emergency Department Antimicrobial Use In A Low-Resource Setting: Results From A Retrospective Observational Study At A Referral Hospital In Liberia, Sojung Yi, Anu Ramachandran, Lane Epps, Alex Mayah, Taylor W Burkholder, Michael Senyu Jaung, Ahson Haider, Paul Whesseh, John Shakpeh, Kayla Enriquez, Corey Bills

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: Data on antimicrobial use in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) remain limited. In Liberia, the absence of local data impedes surveillance and may lead to suboptimal treatment, injudicious use and resistance against antimicrobials. This study aims to examine antimicrobial prescribing patterns for patients in the emergency department (ED) of a large Liberian public hospital. Secondarily, this prescribing was compared with WHO prescribing indicators.

DESIGN: Retrospective observational study.

SETTING: An adult ED of a large public hospital in Monrovia, Liberia.

PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1082 adult patients (>18 years of age) were recorded in the ED, from 1 January …

Physician's Attitudes On Pulmonary Rehabilitation Following Covid-19: A Brief Perspective From A Developing Country, Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda, Emanuel Vanegas, Miguel Felix, María José Farfán Bajaña, Azza Sarfraz, Zouina Sarfraz, Genesis Camacho, Alanna Barrios-Ruiz, Jack Michel

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Despite the uncertainty about the follow up of COVID-19 survivors, there is a growing body of evidence supporting specific interventions including pulmonary rehabilitation, which may lead to a reduced hospital stay and improved overall respiratory function. The aim of this short report was to assess the attitudes toward pulmonary rehabilitation following COVID-19 among Ecuadorian physicians. A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which a 5-question survey was used to assess the level of agreement to specific statements with a 5-point Likert scale. Out of the 282 participants, 48.2% (n=136) were male, with a mean of 12.6 (SD=11.3) years of experience. More …

Mucormycosis: Covid-19 And Corticosteroids, Mittal Savaliya, Nivedita Jha, Steven B Lippmann

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Intake Patterns Of Specific Alcoholic Beverages By Prostate Cancer Status, Hui Yi Lin, Tung-Sung Tseng, Xinnan Wang, Zhide Fang, Arnold H. Zea, Liang Wang, Julio Pow-Sang, Catherine M. Tangen, Phyllis J. Goodman, Alicja Wolk, Niclas Håkansson, Manolis Kogevinas, Javier Llorca, Hermann Brenner, Ben Schöttker, Jose Esteban Castelao, Manuela Gago-Dominguez, Marija Gamulin, Davor Lessel, Frank Claessens, Steven Joniau, Jong Y. Park

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

Background: Previous studies have shown that different alcoholic beverage types impact prostate cancer (PCa) clinical outcomes differently. However, intake patterns of specific alcoholic beverages for PCa status are understudied. The study’s objective is to evaluate intake patterns of total alcohol and the three types of beverage (beer, wine, and spirits) by the PCa risk and aggressiveness status. Method: This is a cross-sectional study using 10,029 men (4676 non-PCa men and 5353 PCa patients) with European ancestry from the PCa consortium. Associations between PCa status and alcohol intake patterns (infrequent, light/moderate, and heavy) were tested using multinomial logistic regressions. Results: Intake …

Improving Postpartum Hypertension Discharge Education: A Pilot Project, Kathryn Barth

Dissertations

Problem: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a leading cause of maternal morbidity, mortality, and postpartum readmission. Several evidence-based algorithms and protocols have been implemented in the inpatient setting to treat severe blood pressure and prevent complications. However, there remains an opportunity to improve the postpartum care transition and discharge education for patients with these conditions in an attempt to decrease 30-day postpartum hypertension readmissions.

Methods: This pilot project utilized a descriptive design and took place on a postpartum unit at a Midwest metropolitan high-risk obstetrical teaching hospital. Interventions included patient-specific discharge education, distribution of a home blood pressure …

Covid-19 Newsletter (Vol. 114), Center For Disaster Medicine, New York Medical College

COVID-19 Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Suicide Prevention In Bangladesh: The Role Of Family, S M Yasir Arafat, Tamkeen Saleem, Todd M. Edwards, Syeda Ayat-E-Zainab Ali, Murad M. Khan

Department of Psychiatry

Background: Suicide is a public health problem that gets little attention in Bangladesh especially in prevention aspects. Recent studies revealed that a significant portion of risk factors is closely related to family events. However, potential prevention strategies considering the family structure and involving family dynamics of Bangladesh have not been discussed.
Objectives: We aim to highlight areas of family vulnerability and resilience when the threat of suicide is present, as well as the potential roles of family in suicide prevention in Bangladesh.
Methods: We conducted a thorough narrative and focused literature search and synthesized evidence based on available articles discussing …

The Efficacy Of Low-Dose Aspirin In Pregnancy Among Women In Malaria-Endemic Countries, Melissa Bauserman, Sequoia I. Leuba, Jennifer Hemingway-Foday, Tracy L. Nolen, Janet Moore, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Adrien Lokangaka, Antoinette Tsehfu, Sarah Saleem, Saleem Jessani

Community Health Sciences

Background: Low dose aspirin (LDA) is an effective strategy to reduce preterm birth. However, LDA might have differential effects globally, based on the etiology of preterm birth. In some regions, malaria in pregnancy could be an important modifier of LDA on birth outcomes and anemia.
Methods: This is a sub-study of the ASPIRIN trial, a multi-national, randomized, placebo controlled trial evaluating LDA effect on preterm birth. We enrolled a convenience sample of women in the ASPIRIN trial from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Kenya and Zambia. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction to detect malaria. We calculated crude prevalence …

Obesogenic Environments And Cardiovascular Disease: A Path Analysis Using Us Nationally Representative Data, Fangqi Guo, Georgiana Bostean, Vincent Berardi, Alfredo J. Velasquez, Jennifer W. Robinette

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Introduction

People living in obesogenic environments, with limited access to healthful food outlets and exercise facilities, generally have poor health. Previous research suggests that behavioral risk factors and indicators of physiological functioning may mediate this link; however, no studies to date have had the requisite data to investigate multi-level behavioral and physiological risk factors simultaneously. The present study conducted serial and parallel mediation analyses to examine behavioral and physiological pathways explaining the association between environmental obesogenicity and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods

This cross-sectional observational study used data from the 2012–2016 Health and Retirement Study, a representative survey of US older …

Quality Reporting On Dialysis Water Testing And Dialysis Machine Disinfection, Jennifer Boquiren Quitevis

Student Scholarly Projects

Practice Problem: Kidney failure affects 0.1% - 0.2% of the general population, yet the dialysis expenditure is 5%-7% of total healthcare budget spending. The increased incidence of chronic disease will result in more End Stage Renal Disease patients on dialysis along with more comorbidities. Thus, it is imperative for health organizations to have well established protocols and guidelines to manage the care of the dialysis patient.

PICOT: The PICOT question that guided this project was: in patients receiving dialysis at an acute care dialysis unit (P), does utilizing a Standardized Policy for Quality Reporting on Dialysis Water Testing and …

Hygiene In The United States Brow Shaping Industry: A Benchmarking Report, Zachary Snow, Adam Ruff, Jacob Glass, Lora Glass

Cooper Rowan Medical Journal

Purpose: To provide a current benchmark of hand hygiene and brow cleansing in the brow shaping industry across the United States of America.

Background: Brow abscesses have been linked to the microtrauma associated with brow shaping. This paper provides an understanding of normative standards of hand hygiene and brow cleansing in the brow shaping industry at both the regional and national levels.

Methods: This project involved a phone survey of 255 brow salons across the United States – 5 from the most populous city in every state and Washington, D.C. Uni- and multivariate associations between regional and national brow hygiene …

Using Digital Storytelling To Assess Patient Experience With Management Of Diabetes In Everyday Life (Model) Study Intervention, Arati Joshi

Longitudinal Scholar's Project

African Americans are disproportionately affected by obesity-associated diabetes compared to their White counterparts. While social determinants of health may contribute to their poor health outcomes, studies have shown that pragmatic primary care-based interventions can be effective in improving the management of obesity-associated diabetes. The Management of Diabetes in Everyday Life (MODEL) is a pragmatic randomized comparative effectiveness trial of three approaches (health coaching, text-messaging, and enhanced usual care) to supporting medically underserved African American patients with uncontrolled diabetes in improving their self-care decisions. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of the MODEL program participation on the …