Medical Specialties Commons^™

Maternal Prenatal Cortisol Trajectories Predict Accelerated Growth In Infancy, Jennifer Hahn-Holbrook, Elysia Poggi Davis, Curt A. Sandman, Laura M. Glynn

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Higher maternal cortisol in pregnancy has been linked to childhood obesity. Much of the previous research has been limited in that cortisol in pregnancy is only measured at one time-point, precluding the ability to examine critical timing effects of prenatal maternal cortisol. To fill this gap, this longitudinal study measured maternal plasma cortisol at 15, 19, 25, and 31 weeks of pregnancy, and assessed infant body mass index percentile (BMIP)1 at birth, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months in 189 mother-infant pairs. Three distinct patterns of maternal cortisol in pregnancy (typical, steep, and flat trajectories) were identified using general growth …

Interactions Between Environmental Factors And Glutathione S-Transferase (Gst) Genes With Respect To Detectable Blood Aluminum Concentrations In Jamaican Children, Mohammad H Rahbar, Maureen Samms-Vaughan, Yuansong Zhao, Sepideh Saroukhani, Jan Bressler, Manouchehr Hessabi, Megan L Grove, Sydonnie Shakespeare-Pellington, Katherine A Loveland

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Aluminum (Al) is a metallic toxicant at high concentrations following natural or unnatural exposures. Dietary intake is considered as the main source of aluminum exposure in children. We used data from 366 typically developing (TD) children (ages 2−8 years) who participated as controls in an age- and sex-matched case−control study in Jamaica. We investigated additive and interactive associations among environmental factors and children’s genotypes for glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes (GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1), in relation to having a detectable blood aluminum concentration (BAlC) of >5.0 μg/L, using multivariable logistic regression models. Findings from interactive models revealed that the odds of having …

Covid-19 Newsletter (Vol. 141), Center For Disaster Medicine, New York Medical College

COVID-19 Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Maternal And Fetal Attachment Before Birth: Trends In Pregnant Women Of Urban Karachi, Shelina Bhamani, Anita Attaullah, Hajra Malik, Faiqa Binte Aamir, Areeba Syed, Amir Raza, Lumaan Sheikh

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Background: Maternal-fetal attachment is a multidimensional phenomenon and product of diverse physiological, psychological, and socio-emotional factors. The prenatal period is crucial in forming this bond and further predicts postnatal attachment.
Methodology: The present research was conducted using a cross-sectional survey design. Sixty-six participants filled out the survey regarding practices, perceptions, and attitudes toward maternal-fetal attachment after attending an online session on "Talking to the Baby in the Womb."
Results: Analysis revealed that participants talk to their baby in their tummy. Wondering when the baby starts thinking, feeling, and hearing within also aids in forming a maternal-fetal relationship. A statistically significant …

Conference Proceedings: Select Abstracts Presented At Advocate Aurora Scientific Day 2022

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

The abstracts published in this supplement were presented at the 48th annual Advocate Aurora Scientific Day on May 25, 2022. This scholarly symposium provides a closed forum for sharing preliminary results from research studies conducted by faculty physicians and nurses, fellows, residents, scientists, and other health professionals associated with U.S. Midwest-based health system Advocate Aurora Health, publisher of the Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews.

Daphnia As A Sentinel Species For Environmental Health Protection: A Perspective On Biomonitoring And Bioremediation Of Chemical Pollution, Muhammad Abdullahi, Xiaojing Li, Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah, William Stubbings, Norman Yan, Marianne Barnard, Liang-Hong Guo, John K Colbourne, Luisa Orsini

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Despite available technology and the knowledge that chemical pollution damages human and ecosystem health, chemical pollution remains rampant, ineffectively monitored, rarely prevented, and only occasionally mitigated. We present a framework that helps address current major challenges in the monitoring and assessment of chemical pollution by broadening the use of the sentinel species Daphnia as a diagnostic agent of water pollution. And where prevention has failed, we propose the application of Daphnia as a bioremediation agent to help reduce hazards from chemical mixtures in the environment. By applying “omics” technologies to Daphnia exposed to real-world ambient chemical mixtures, we show improvements …

A Moment Of Reflection As We Move Forward, Bruce Morgenstern

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

The newly appointed editor-in-chief of the Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews reflects on the original editorial mission of the journal and its continuing commitment to publish patient-centered scholarly works that exhibit respect for each patient’s values and preferences; coordinated and integrated care; patient and family education; alleviation of pain, fear, and anxiety; continuity through care-site transitions; and access to care. The reasoning behind the pursuit of well-developed patient-centered care models, through the dissemination of peer-reviewed research findings and patient perspectives, has only been reinforced since the journal’s launch in 2014.

Should Health Systems Share Genetic Findings With At-Risk Relatives When The Proband Is Deceased? Interviews With Individuals Diagnosed With Lynch Syndrome, Jessica Ezzell Hunter, Jennifer L. Schneider, Alison J. Firemark, James V. Davis, Sara Gille, Pamala A. Pawloski, Su-Ying Liang, Victoria Schlieder, Alanna Kulchak Rahm

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Genetic information has health implications for patients and their biological relatives. Death of a patient before sharing a genetic diagnosis with at-risk relatives is a missed opportunity to provide important information that could guide interventions to minimize cancer-related morbidity and mortality in relatives.

Methods: We performed semi-structured interviews with individuals diagnosed with Lynch syndrome at 1 of 4 health systems to explore their perspectives on whether health systems should share genetic risk information with relatives following a patient’s death. An inductive, open-coding approach was used to analyze audio-recorded content, with software-generated code reports undergoing iterative comparative analysis by a …

Patient Perspectives On Opioid Risk Discussions In Primary Care, Stephanie A. Hooker, Inih J. Essien, Caitlin M. Borgert-Spaniol, Rebecca C. Rossom, Anthony W. Olson, Katrina M. Romagnoli, Leif I. Solberg

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Both patients and clinicians have described discussions of potential opioid risks as challenging. This study’s goal was to understand patient perspectives on discussing opioid risks with primary care clinicians (PCCs).

Methods: Patients identified to be at elevated risk for problems with opioids (ie, opioid use disorder [OUD] diagnosis, taking a medication for OUD, or having ≥ 3 opioid prescriptions in the last year) were recruited from an integrated, Upper Midwest health system to participate in semi-structured qualitative interviews. Interview questions aimed to better understand patient views on conversations about opioid risks with PCCs and perceptions of OUD screening and …

Cost Analysis Of Implementing An Exercise Program For Fall And Fracture Prevention In Older Adults On Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy, Thomas Adam Wichelmann, Nhan Dang, David H. Kruchko, Sufyan Abdulmujeeb, Eli D. Ehrenpreis

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Falls have significant financial impact. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy is associated with an increased risk of falls and fractures. Exercise programs have been shown to decrease risk of falls in the elderly population and are recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force for patients over age 65 to reduce falls. Our study aimed to explore the potential financial benefit of implementing three different Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-recommended exercise-based interventions for fall prevention (Tai Chi, Stepping On, and Otago Exercise Program) in ≥ 65-year-old patients on PPI therapy.

Methods: A Markov model was developed to predict …

Association Of Mrna Vaccination With Clinical And Virologic Features Of Covid-19 Among Us Essential And Frontline Workers, The Heroes-Recover Network, Mark G Thompson, Sarang K Yoon, Allison L Naleway, Jennifer Meece, Thomas P Fabrizio, Alberto J Caban-Martinez, Jefferey L Burgess, Manjusha Gaglani, Lauren E W Olsho, Allen Bateman, Jessica Lundgren, Lauren Grant, Andrew L Phillips, Holly C Groom, Elisha Stefanski, Natasha Schaefer Solle, Katherine Ellingson, Karen Lutrick, Kayan Dunnigan, Meredith G Wesley, Kyley Guenther, Angela Hunt, Josephine Mak, Kurt T Hegmann, Jennifer L Kuntz, Adam Bissonnette, James Hollister, Spencer Rose, Tyler C Morrill, Karley Respet, Ashley L Fowlkes, Matthew S Thiese, Patrick Rivers, Meghan K Herring, Marilyn J Odean, Young M Yoo, Matthew Brunner, Edward J Bedrick, Deanna E Fleary, John T Jones, Jenna Praggastis, James Romine, Monica Dickerson, Sana M Khan, Julie Mayo Lamberte, Shawn Beitel, Richard J Webby, Harmony L Tyner

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Data on the epidemiology of mild to moderately severe COVID-19 are needed to inform public health guidance.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate associations between 2 or 3 doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and attenuation of symptoms and viral RNA load across SARS-CoV-2 viral lineages.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A prospective cohort study of essential and frontline workers in Arizona, Florida, Minnesota, Oregon, Texas, and Utah with COVID-19 infection confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction testing and lineage classified by whole genome sequencing of specimens self-collected weekly and at COVID-19 illness symptom onset. This analysis was conducted among 1199 participants with SARS-CoV-2 …

Chemical Relaxers And Hair-Straightening Products: Potential Targets For Hormone-Related Cancer Prevention And Control, Adana A. M. Llanos, Jasmine A. Mcdonald, Dede K. Teteh, Traci N. Bethea

Health Sciences and Kinesiology Faculty Articles

"Emerging data show that use of permanent hair dyes, chemical relaxers, and straightening products might contribute to increased risk of hormone-related cancers (1-5) and potentially breast tumors with features indicative of more aggressive phenotypes (6). Given the wide use of these products globally, they are an important source of exposure to potentially harmful chemicals, including endocrine-disrupting chemicals—to which we are ubiquitously exposed (7)—and mutagenic and/or genotoxic compounds. The unequal burden of exposure across populations plausibly contributes to cancer inequities as the groups with the greatest exposure also experience poorer cancer outcomes (8). …

Poliovirus Immunity Among Children Aged 6-11 And 36-48 Months In 14 Polio High-Risk Provinces Of Afghanistan: A Health-Facility-Based Study, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Maureen Martinez, Noha H. Farag, William S. Hendley, Derek Ehrhardt, Imran Ahmed, Imtiaz Hussain, William Weldon, Ahmed M. Kassem

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Afghanistan is one of two countries where wild poliovirus (WPV) type 1 remains endemic. We conducted a facility-based cross-sectional survey of antipoliovirus antibodies in children in 14 provinces of Afghanistan. The provinces were selected based on programmatic priorities for polio eradication. Children aged 6-11 and 36-48 months attending outpatient clinics were enrolled in the study. We collected venous blood, isolated serum, and conducted neutralization assays to detect poliovirus neutralizing antibodies. A total of 2086 children from the 14 provinces were enrolled. Among the enrolled children, 44.3% were girls; the median age in the 6-11-month group was 9.4 months, and in …

Central Nervous System (Cns) Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases (Idds) Associated With Covid-19: A Case Series And Review, Parissa Feizi, Kanika Sharma, Shreya R Pasham, Lalit Nirwan, Joe Joseph, Shruti Jaiswal, Shitiz Sriwastava

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Over the past two years, SARS-CoV-2 has frequently been documented with various post and para-infectious complications, including cerebrovascular, neuromuscular, and some demyelinating conditions such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). We report two rare neurological manifestations post-COVID-19 infection; multiple sclerosis (MS) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). Further, we reviewed other CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) associated with SARS-CoV-2, including optic neuritis (ON) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD).

METHODS: A descriptive analysis and literature search of Google Scholar and PubMed was conducted by two independent reviewers from December 1st, 2019, to March 30th, 2022, and included all the …

Public Health Burden Of Secondhand Smoking: Case Reports Of Lung Cancer And A Literature Review, Ladislav Štěpánek, Jarmila Ševčíková, Dagmar Horáková, Mihir Sanjay Patel, Radka Durďáková

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Secondhand smoke (SHS), composed of mainstream and sidestream smoke, is a known human carcinogen. It contains a variety of harmful substances at even higher concentrations than mainstream smoke itself, which is inhaled during firsthand smoking. Exposure to SHS, affecting more than a third of the worldwide population, increases the likelihood of lung cancer by roughly 30%, with specific contributions depending on the histological type of cancer. This study aimed to present the harmful potential of SHS through case reports and describe the burden of SHS via a literature review. From a collection of lung cancer case reports occurring in never …

Covid-19 Newsletter (Vol. 140), Center For Disaster Medicine, New York Medical College

COVID-19 Newsletter

No abstract provided.

How Close Is Close Enough: Home As A Proxy For Incident Location In Trauma Systems, Jamison Beiriger, David Silver, Joshua Brown

Tower Health Research Day

No abstract provided.

Demographic And Socioeconomic Factors Predict Maternal Postpartum Rehospitalization: A Retrospective Numom2b Dataset Study, Colin Wakefield

Tower Health Research Day

No abstract provided.

Vitamin C Supplementation For The Treatment Of Covid-19: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Monika Olczak-Pruc, Damian Swieczkowski, Jerzy R Ladny, Michal Pruc, Raul Juarez-Vela, Zubaid Rafique, Frank W Peacock, Lukasz Szarpak

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), millions of people have died, and the medical system has faced significant difficulties. Our purpose was to perform a meta-analysis to estimate the effect of vitamin C on in-hospital mortality and the ICU or hospital length of stay for patients diagnosed with COVID-19. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We included studies that evaluated the effect of vitamin C supplementation, compared with standard treatment …

Respiratory Virus Surveillance Among Children With Acute Respiratory Illnesses - New Vaccine Surveillance Network, United States, 2016-2021, Ariana Perez, Joana Y Lively, Aaron Curns, Geoffrey A Weinberg, Natasha B Halasa, Mary Allen Staat, Peter G Szilagyi, Laura S Stewart, Monica M Mcneal, Benjamin Clopper, Yingtao Zhou, Brett L Whitaker, Elizabeth Lemasters, Elizabeth Harker, Janet A Englund, Eileen J Klein, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Christopher J Harrison, Julie A Boom, Leila C Sahni, Marian G Michaels, John V Williams, Gayle E Langley, Susan I Gerber, Angela Campbell, Aron J Hall, Brian Rha, Meredith Mcmorrow

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) is a prospective, active, population-based surveillance platform that enrolls children with acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) at seven pediatric medical centers. ARIs are caused by respiratory viruses including influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs), and most recently SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19), which result in morbidity among infants and young children (1-6). NVSN estimates the incidence of pathogen-specific pediatric ARIs and collects clinical data (e.g., underlying medical conditions and vaccination status) to assess risk factors for severe disease and calculate influenza and COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness. Current NVSN …

Feasibility Of A Novel Non-Invasive Swab Technique For Serial Whole-Exome Sequencing Of Cervical Tumors During Chemoradiation Therapy, Julianna K Bronk, Chiraag Kapadia, Xiaogang Wu, Bhavana V Chapman, Rui Wang, Tatiana V Karpinets, Xingzhi Song, Andrew M Futreal, Jianhua Zhang, Ann H Klopp, Lauren E Colbert

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Clinically relevant genetic predictors of radiation response for cervical cancer are understudied due to the morbidity of repeat invasive biopsies required to obtain genetic material. Thus, we aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of a novel noninvasive cervical swab technique to (1) collect tumor DNA with adequate throughput to (2) perform whole-exome sequencing (WES) at serial time points over the course of chemoradiation therapy (CRT).

METHODS: Cervical cancer tumor samples from patients undergoing chemoradiation were collected at baseline, at week 1, week 3, and at the completion of CRT (week 5) using a noninvasive swab-based biopsy technique. Swab samples were …

What? Is Epstein–Barr Virus Infection Linked To Multiple Sclerosis?, Asha Mahajan, Steven B Lippmann

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Covid-19 Newsletter (Vol. 139), Center For Disaster Medicine, New York Medical College

COVID-19 Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Case Growth Analysis To Inform Local Response To Covid-19 Epidemic In A Diverse Us Community, Marcia C De Oliveira Otto, Frances A Brito, Ji Yun Tark, Eric Bakota, Jose-Miguel Yamal, Dritana Marko, Shreela V Sharma, Michael R Brown, Savitri N Appana, Alison M Rector, Stephen H Linder, Jennifer Kiger, Karen C Tseng, Alanna C Morrison, Eric Boerwinkle

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Early detection of new outbreak waves is critical for effective and sustained response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a growth rate analysis using local community and inpatient records from seven hospital systems to characterize distinct phases in SARS-CoV-2 outbreak waves in the Greater Houston area. We determined the transition times from rapid spread of infection in the community to surge in the number of inpatients in local hospitals. We identified 193,237 residents who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 via molecular testing from April 8, 2020 to June 30, 2021, and 30,031 residents admitted within local healthcare institutions with a positive …

Classification Of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Using Tumor Morphologic Characteristics, Katelyn F Handley, Travis T Sims, Nicholas W Bateman, Deanna Glassman, Katherine I Foster, Sanghoon Lee, Jun Yao, Hui Yao, Bryan M Fellman, Jinsong Liu, Zhen Lu, Kelly A Conrads, Brian L Hood, Waleed Barakat, Li Zhao, Jianhua Zhang, Shannon N Westin, Joseph Celestino, Kelly M Rangel, Sunil Badal, Igor Pereira, Prahlad T Ram, George L Maxwell, Livia S Eberlin, P Andrew Futreal, Robert C Bast, Nicole D Fleming, Thomas P Conrads, Anil K Sood

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Despite similar histologic appearance among high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs), clinical observations suggest vast differences in gross appearance. There is currently no systematic framework by which to classify HGSOCs according to their gross morphologic characteristics.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and characterize a gross morphologic classification system for HGSOC.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study included patients with suspected advanced-stage ovarian cancer who presented between April 1, 2013, and August 5, 2016, to the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, a large referral center. Patients underwent laparoscopic assessment of disease burden before treatment and received a histopathologic diagnosis of …

Association Of Early Steroid Administration With Outcomes Of Children Hospitalized For Covid-19 Without Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children, Sandeep Tripathi, Meghana Nadiger, Jeremy S Mcgarvey, Aaron A Harthan, Monica Lombardo, Varsha P Gharpure, Nicholas Perkins, Kathleen Chiotos, Imran A Sayed, Erica C Bjornstad, Utpal S Bhalala, Umamaheswara Raju, Aaron S Miller, Heda Dapul, Vicki Montgomery, Karen Boman, Grace M Arteaga, Vikas Bansal, Neha Deo, Aysun Tekin, Ognjen Gajic, Vishakha K Kumar, Rahul Kashyap, Allan J Walkey

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

IMPORTANCE: There is limited evidence for therapeutic options for pediatric COVID-19 outside of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the use of steroids within 2 days of admission for non-MIS-C COVID-19 in children is associated with hospital length of stay (LOS). The secondary objective was to determine their association with intensive care unit (ICU) LOS, inflammation, and fever defervescence.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study analyzed data retrospectively for children (<18 >years) who required hospitalization for non-MIS-C COVID-19. Data from March 2020 through September 2021 were provided by 58 hospitals in 7 countries who participate …

Covid-19 Pandemic And Infant Neurodevelopmental Impairment: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Kamran Hessami, Amir Hossein Norooznezhad, Sonia Monteiro, Enrico R Barrozo, Abolfazl Shirdel Abdolmaleki, Sara E Arian, Nikan Zargarzadeh, Lara S Shekerdemian, Kjersti M Aagaard, Alireza A Shamshirsaz

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

IMPORTANCE: Primary studies proposed that aberrant maternal antiviral immunity and/or giving birth in quarantine, such as during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, may be associated with the risk of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in offspring.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the associations of birth and being raised during the COVID-19 pandemic with risk of NDI among infants and to assess the association of gestational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 with risk of NDI.

DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and preprint servers were systematically searched from inception to March 25, 2022.

STUDY SELECTION: Studies evaluating the neurodevelopment of infants born during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic …

Monkeypox Outbreak In The Age Of Covid-19: A New Global Health Emergency, Rahim Hirani, Dawood Rashid, Joshua Lewis, Rasheed Hosein-Woodley, Ali Issani

Department of Emergency Medicine

No abstract provided.

How To Survive College As An Acoa: The Effectiveness Of University Resources On Helping Acoas Socially And Psychologically Succeed During Their Academic Career, Kelly Buchan

Senior Theses

In 2019, 14.5 million people ages 12 and older had Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), but only 10% received treatment (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [NIAAA], 2022). Parental drinking problems can directly affect children, or “Adult Children of Alcoholics.” Of the few studies targeting ACoAs, results show that ACoAs not only have higher risks of mental illness, but they also have lower GPAs and social health (Schroeder & Kelley, 2008). Thus, this study assessed the extent to which perceptions of the college drinking environment are related to higher depression rates in ACoAs, certain drinking motivations, and reluctance to use …

Association Between Fetal Abdominal Growth Trajectories, Maternal Metabolite Signatures Early In Pregnancy, And Childhood Growth And Adiposity: Prospective Observational Multinational Interbio-21st Fetal Study, Jose Villar, Roseline Ochieng, Robert B. Gunier, Aris T. Papageorghiou, Stephen Rauch, Rose Mcgready, Julia M. Gauglitz, Fernando C. Barros, Manu Vatish, Shama Munim

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Background: Obesity predominantly affects populations in high-income countries and those countries facing epidemiological transition. The risk of childhood obesity is increased among infants who had overweight or obesity at birth, but in low-resource settings one in five infants are born small for gestational age. We aimed to study the relationships between: (1) maternal metabolite signatures; (2) fetal abdominal growth; and (3) postnatal growth, adiposity, and neurodevelopment.
Methods: In the prospective, multinational, observational INTERBIO-21st fetal study, conducted in maternity units in Pelotas (Brazil), Nairobi (Kenya), Karachi (Pakistan), Soweto (South Africa), Mae Sot (Thailand), and Oxford (UK), we enrolled women (≥18 years, …