Medical Specialties Commons^™

Hiv-I Infection In A Family Blood Donor, S A Mujeeb, Naila Kayani, Mohammad Khurshid

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

No abstract provided.

Seroprevalence Of Toxoplasma Gondii In Domestic Animals In Pakistan, M Zaki

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infections among food animals in South-West Pakistan was measured by serological examination using a commercial latex agglutination test (LAT). In all 262 blood samples, from 100 cattle, 40 sheep, 58 goats and 64 chickens, were collected from the city abattoir. Titers considered diagnostically significant (> or = 1:64) were detected in 25% of cattle and 2.5% of sheep. None of the goats and chickens presented seropositivity for anti-toxoplasma antibodies. The study suggests the need for further investigations to determine the impact of these findings on the human population.

Changes In Malaria Associated Morbidity In Children Using Insecticide Treated Mosquito Nets In The Bagamoyo District Of Coastal Tanzania, Zul Premji, P. Lubega, Y. Hamisi, E. Mchopa, J. Minjus, W. Checkley, C. Shiff

Pathology, East Africa

A community based malaria control intervention using insecticide treated mosquito nets (IMN) has been implemented and tested in 13 villages of the Yombo Division, Bagamoyo District in the Coastal Region, Tanzania, an area holoendemic for P. falciparum malaria. Following extensive sociological research into local perceptions of malaria, the programme was implemented. It was decided by consensus that village mosquito net committees would be the appropriate local level implementers. These were formed and provided with IMN's which were sold to villagers at subsidised cost. The income was invested for use by the committees for sustaining the activity. Use patterns were determined …

Peculiar Histopathological Features Of Giardiasis In Distal Duodenal Biopsies, Z Abbas, A A. Qureshi, H Sheikh, S M. Jafri, A H. Khan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Histological changes in 20 Giardia positive duodenal biopsies (Group A) were compared with 50, Giardia negative duodenal biopsies (Group B), taken during the same period. Stool examinations in Group B were negative for Giardia. Surface epithelium, villous and crypt architecture and cellular infiltrates were examined and compared between the groups. Atrophic changes in the villi were more common in Group A as compared to B(P < 0.0001). Intraepithelial neutrophil infiltration (P < 0.001), infiltration of the lamina propria with plasma cells (P < 0.5), and presence of eosinophils in the lamina propria (P < 0.001) were significant findings in group A. Some of the changes were related to the density of Giardia colonization e.g., the goblet cell depletion (P < 0.05) and the density of plasma cell infiltration in lamina propria (P < 0.01). Erosions and ulcerations were less commonly seen in group A. Thus we conclude that giardiasis manifests its peculiar features in the distal duodenal mucosa and a biopsy of this region is an important diagnostic tool for detection of this disease.

Immunohistochemistry In Tumour Diagnosis--Who Actually Needs It?, S Pervez

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

No abstract provided.

Immunohistochemical Estrogen Receptor Determination In Human Breast Carcinoma: Correlation With Histologic Differentiation And Age Of The Patients, Shahid Pervez, S. Shaikh, F. Aijaz, S. A. Aziz, M. Naqvi, Sheema H. Hasan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

An immunohistochemical assay for the measurement of estrogen receptor (ER) has been evaluated on 290 consecutive human breast biopsy and mastectomy specimens in the year 1992 at The Aga Khan University Hospital laboratories. Immunohistochemical localization of estrogen receptor on frozen/paraffin section was scored in a semi-quantitative fashion incorporating both the intensity and the distribution of specific staining. Histologic grading of the tumour was performed according to Bloom’s method. In this study, 21% of the tumours were estrogen receptor negative, 15% were weak positive, 25% intermediate positive and 39% strong positive. Fifty percent of the well differentiated tumours showed strong ER …

Amoebic Appendicitis--A Rare Entity, Raheem Ahmed, Hizbullah Shaikh, Muhammad Siddiqui, M Ahmed

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Appendectomy is the most common surgical procedure performed in routine general surgical practice. However, not all the appendices removed, are submitted for histopathological examination in this part of the world. We reviewed 1400 appendices received by our department from within our hospital and from outside the hospital. Of these 13 cases were reported as amoebic appendicitis. These patients did not have any different clinical presentation from the patients who were reported as acute appendicitis without amoebae. Microscopically these appendices had minimal neutrophil polymorph infiltration accompanied by tissue necrosis and amoebic trophozoites within the appendiceal wall. After histological diagnosis, different tests …

Malakoplakia Of The Uterus, H Shaikh, P E. Khan, N Faridi

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

No abstract provided.

Pattern Of Dyslipoproteinemia In Selected Population Of Karachi, Erum Khan, Ayesha Molla, Naila Kayani, Mohammad Khurshid

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Pattern of dyslipoproteinemia was studied ,over a period of 3-1/2 years in 487(394 males, 93 females) cases aged 4 to above 70 years. Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia was most prevalent (36%) followed by type V (15%)

A View Of Hiv--Infection In Karachi, Naila Kayani, Aamir Sheikh, Asif Khan, Chhotoobhai Mithani, Mohammad Khurshid

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

A prospective study on the prevalence of HIV-l infection in Karachi, Pakistan was conducted over a period of six years (1986-1992). Over 15,000 individualsamples and more than 32,000 donor units of individuals residing in Karachi at the time of sample co llection were tested for HIV-I infection by our screening test EIA which revealed a positivity rate of 0.23% and 0.003% in individual and donor units respectively by Western Blot. We divided patients into four groups A,B,C and D based on the most plausible cause of transmission. The largest number of positive patients belonged to group B, who were of …

Interaoperative Frozen Section Consultation: An Analysis Of Accuracy In A Teaching Hospital., Farrukh Aijaz, Suhail Muzaffar, Akbar Shah Hussainy, Shahid Pervez, Sheema H. Hasan, Hizbullah Sheikh

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

This Is a retrospective quality assurance study of all frozen sections done at The Aga Khan University Hospital during a six year period (1986 to 1991). There were 1,031 frozen sections out of a cumulative total of 42,985 surgical specimens (2.39%). Nine hundred and seventy-six (94.66%) were concordant. In 92(8.9%) fresh specimens were brought from other hospitals of Karachi, in 37 cases (3.58%) the diagnosis was deferred till the evaluation of permanent paraffin sections and 18 (1,74%) were discordant with 7 (0.67%) false positive and 11(1,06%) false negative. Among the discordant cases, 9 were attributed to misinterpretation, 7 due to …

Does Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (Rdw) Improve Evaluation Of Microcytic Anaemias?, Muhammad Sajjad Baqar, Mohammad Khurshid, A Molla

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Abstract

The red cell distribution width (RDW) is an index of the variation in red cells size (anisocytosis). A study was conducted to examine the validity of using RDW in improving classification of microcytic anaemias. A total of 300 blood samples collected from a patient population aged 3 months to 55 years who were referred for haemoglobin electrophoresis were examined at The Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH). On complete blood count, initially 200 patients (66.6%) were found to have hypochromic microcytic anaemia. Following haemoglobin electrophoresis 41% (821200) patients were diagnosed to have thalassemia minor and 59% (1181200) had hypochromic microcytic …

Suggested Reference Ranges In Clinical Chemistry For Apparently Healthy Males And Females Of Pakistan., Ayesha Molla, Mohammad Khurshid, William T. Manser, Rukhsana Lalani, Anis Alam, Zubaida Mohammad

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Abstract

Seven hundred and eighty six apparently healthy males (418) and females (368) aged 0-69 years were randomly selected for estimation of reference ranges of 24 serum analytes at the clinical chemistry laboratory of The Ago Khon University Hospital (AKUH). Of the total study samples, 56% (439/786) were in the poediatric age group (0-14 years) and 44% (347/786) in the adult (1 5_60 years) group. Beckman Astra Ideal Autoanalyzer was used for all the estimations. Moon and standard deviations (SD) were calculated for each of the age groups. Reference ranges were calculated following standard methods of the International Federation of …

Aggressive Angiomyxoma Of Vulva, Farrukh Aijaz, Shahid Pervez, Shehnaz Wasti, Sheema H. Hassan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

No abstract provided.

Prevalence Of Thalassemia Minor Trait In Pakistani Population Presented At Akuh For Complete Blood Count Estimation (Cbc)., Alia Shaikh, Mohammad Khurshid

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

No abstract provided.

Factor Xiii Deficiency In Pakistan, Aamir Nadeem Shaikh, Mohammad Khurshid

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Patients with undiagnosed haemostatic defects seen at The Aga Khan Hospital and Fatimid Blood Transfusion Centre during the period of 7 years (1 985-1 992) were screened with routine tests including bleeding time (BT), whole blood clotting time (CT), platelet count, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and 5 molar urea test. Nine patients had a positive 5 molar urea test indicating factor XIII deficiency. Rest of the screening tests were normal in these patients. High incidence of consanguinity was observed in affected families. Clinical features included excessive bleeding from umbilical stump, bruising, post-traumatic bleeding, epistaxis, melaena and …

Cysticercosis In A Muslim Woman, Farrukh Aijaz, Altaf Ahmed

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

No abstract provided.

Salmonella Hadar Pericarditis, A Aziz, W Jafri, T A. Jawed, A Shaikh, B Farooqui, M K. Ashfaq, N Ul Haq

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Alcohol On The Postnatal Development Of Cerebellar Cortex In Rat Guste 1-Histological And Morphometric Studies., Mansoor Saleh, M N. Saleh, M A. Desouky, Saadia Sayed, Entesar Saber

Haematology and Oncology, East Africa

The effect of ethyl alcohol (10%) on the postnatal development of cerebellar cortex was studied using histological and morphometric methods. The external granular layer was much increased in thickness in alcohol fed rat than those of the control while the molecular and granular layer were reduced. The cells of themolecular layer showed neuronal degeneration and many spaces were present in this layer esp < /strong>ecially late postnatal. The Purkinje cells failed to reach their final position up the tenth day and still arranged in more than one row. The degenerative changes appeared at five days and increased with age. The extent …

Malabsorption Of Nutrients In Children With Diarrhoea Due To Unknown Aetiologies, Ayesha Molla, Mohammad Khurshid, Abdul Majid Molla, Makhduma Khatun

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Intake and coefficient of absorption of nutrients wefe measured in 72 children dufing acute diarrhoea and 2 weeks after fecovery. No diarrhooeal pathogens could be identified in 18 (25%) childfen (group I). Aetiology of diafrhoea was identified in fest of the 54 children (group II). Absofption of oalofie, fat and cafbohydrate during the recovery stage were similaf in all 72 children, In group I, absorption of nutrients improved from acute stage to recovery stage as follows: fat from 62 to 85%, calofies from 68 to 86% and carbohydrate from 81 to 91%. Absorption of nitrogen during the acute stage was …

Prevalence Of Iron Deficiency Anaemia In Children Of The Urban Slums Of Karachi, Ayesha Molla, Mohammad Khurshid, A. Majid Molla

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

A preliminary baseline survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence of anaemia in a group of 391 children aged 6-60 months, randomly selected from three urban slums of Karachi. Haemoglobin and the red cell indices including haematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, ABC and red cell distribution width (RDW) were estimated for each of the selected children. Ferritin estimation was done on 354 (9 1%) children to assess the iron storage status. According to WHO criteria, the accepted cut-off point for anaemia screening in children is set at 11 gm/dl, 70 fI and 20 pg for haemoglobin, MCV and MCH respectively. Following …

Sertoli Cell Only Syndrome (Secos): Lessons From Case Studies, Jamsheer J Talati, Hizbullah Sheikh

Section of Urology

Between June 85 and December 87, 69 testicular biopsies were submitted for histopathological examination during investigation of infertility; ten (14%) patients had a Sertoli cell only syndrome. The history, clinical features, and hormonal profiles were analyzed in an attempt to categorize these patients on aetiological basis. Two followed treatment of malignancy--one by radiation for testicular cancer and one by cyclophosphamide for a lymphoma. One had unilateral cryptorchidism. Mumps was etiological factor in one patient. FSH levels determined in 6 patients were elevated in all suggesting a possible dependence of (sick) Sertoli cells on spermatogenic cells for production of inhibin. Alternative …

Hepatic Dysfunction In Falciparum Malaria, J Khan, J Akhter, H Sheikh, W Jafri

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

No abstract provided.

Platelet A-Granule Fibrinogen, Albumin, And Immunoglobulin G Are Not Synthesized By Rat And Mouse Megakaryocytes, Prem Handagama, Daniel A. Rappolee, Zena Werb, Jack Levin, Dorothy F. Bainton

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research Publications

It has been assumed that endogenous synthesis by the platelet precursor cell, the bone marrow megakaryocyte, is the major source of platelet a-granule protein. To test this hypothesis, we used mRNA phenotyping to detect in megakaryocytes the presence of mRNA transcripts specific for various proteins. Our results indicate that megakaryocytes synthesize platelet factor 4, a protein relatively specific for platelets, but do not express mRNA transcripts for the fibrinogen, albumin, or IgG found in a-granules. We have previously shown that mega- karyocytes endocytose circulating proteins, including fibrino- gen, albumin, and IgG, and incorporate them into a-granules. Thus, platelets appear to …

The Role Of Calcium Ions In Toxic Cell Injury., John L. Farber

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Calcium ions have been increasingly implicated as a mediator of the mechanisms generating lethal cell injury under a variety of pathologic circumstances. An overview of the various roles suggested for such alterations in cellular calcium homeostasis is presented. The central role of plasma membrane damage in the genesis of irreversible cell injury is used to divide the postulated roles for calcium ions into two major mechanisms. On the one hand, calcium ions have been proposed as mediators of the functional consequences of plasma membrane injury. An influx of extracellular calcium ions across a damaged permeability barrier and down a steep …

Serum Alkaline Phosphatase In Apparently Healthy Karachi Population, Ayesha Molla, Rukhsana Lalani, Mohammad Khurshid, Anis Alam, William Wt. Manser

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) was estimated in a total of 786(418 males and 386 females) apparently healthy people aged between 1-75 years selected randomly from a sample of the Karachi population. Reference ranges for AP level were obtained for the males and females stratified into ten successive age groups. The study population was also divided into two main age groups, a paediatric aged between 1-14 years and an adult group aged between 15 to over 50 years to see if the mean AP levels differ significantly between the two groups. Mean AP level for the male paediatric age group was …

Urinary Tract Infection, B J Farooqui, Mehboob Alam, Mohammad Khurshid

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Over two years, 9892 mid-stream urine samples from patients attending the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi were cultured. Significant bacterial growth was seen in 23.5% samples. Further iden­tification of these organisms Eevealed 40% of E.coli, 16% Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 11% Klebsiella aerogenes, 5.0% Enterobacter sp., 13% Protdus sp., 4.0% Serratia liquifaciens, 1.0% Acinetobacter sp., 3.0% Citrobacter sp., 4.0% Enterococci, 0.5% Staphylococcus aureus. Results of sensitivity tests performed with antibiotics Ampicillin, Cotrimoxa.zole, Nitrofurantoin, Nalidixic acid, Gentamicin, Amikacin, Pipemedic acid, Cefotaxime, Azactain and Carbenicillin did not reveal any distinct pattern

Local Anaesthetic Cream For The Alleviation Of Pain During Venepuncture In Tanzanian Schoolchidren, U. Hellgren, C.M. Kihamia, Zul Premji, K. Danielson

Pathology, East Africa

The analgesic effect and the usefulness of EMLA cream 5% in connection with venous blood-sampling was investigated in 42 Tanzanian schoolchildren. Approximately 2.5 g EMLA was applied to the right cubital fossa for a minimum of 120 min. The analgesic effect was pronounced - 93% of the venepunctures were pain-free and no child experienced severe pain. No adverse reactions were observed and the children could continue normal school work during the application time.

Comparison Of Five Different Serological Assays For Determination Of Antibody Levels Against Herpes Virus Type 1 And 2, Murat Sami Küçük

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

To aid in the diagnosis of certain clinical types of Herpes virus infections, we evaluated and compared five serological methods for measuring Herpes virus antibody. The five tests we compared are complement fixation test (CF), indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA), anticomplementary immunofluorescent assay (ACIF), enzyme linked immunoassay test (ELISA), and the latex agglutination test (LA). The main objective of this study was to establish which of the currently available serologic tests was best suited for clinical laboratory use and which may then replace the complement fixation test. In the comparative testing, one hundred twenty serum samples were divided into four …

Efficacy Of Internal And External Quality Control In Chemical Pathology, Rukhsana Lalani, Mirza Naqi Zafar, Mohammad Khurshid

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Quality control in chemical pathology is based on internal and external quality assessment. The internal quality control in clinical chemistry section of AKUH laboratory is based on the analysis of commercially available Beckman norma! and abnormal range control sera. These have known concentra­tions of blood chemistry constituents. After repeated estimations, mean values of all constituents were established for both normal and abnormal sera. Patients samples were analysed only when both controls were within ± 2SD from the mean or one control reads within ± 2SD and the other read between ± 2—3SD (once only) for each constituent. Samples were not …