Medical Specialties Commons^™

Metastatic Pancreatic Carcinoma And Experience With Folfirinox - A Cross Sectional Analysis From A Developing Country, Muhammad Nauman Zahir, Adnan Abdul Jabbar

Department of Radiation Oncology

Background: Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer related death with median survival ranging from 3 to 6 months for metastatic disease. Palliative chemotherapy has been the backbone of treatment in advanced stage and has evolved over time. Data pertaining to the disease are scarce from our part of the world where treatment poses a significant challenge due to lack of resources.MATERIALS AND Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for all patients presenting with stage IV pancreatic carcinoma at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan between January 2008 and December 2012. Data were collected using a …

Mach: A Model For Explaining Molecular And Cellular Mechanisms, Caleb M. Trujillo

Open Access Dissertations

Biologists use mechanistic explanations to understand behaviors of the immense complexity of molecular and cellular systems. In undergraduate biology courses, students are expected to explain molecular and cellular mechanisms, but teaching this skill presents many challenges due to the highly abstract, intangible nature of the cellular world, the influence of everyday language, and the tendency of students to overestimate how much they can explain. Therefore, across three studies this dissertation addresses these obstacles to teach undergraduate biology students to explain molecular and cellular mechanisms. ^ The first step was to model how biology experts explain molecular and cellular mechanisms, and …

The Therapeutic Targeting Of Folate Receptor Alpha Positive Tumors Via Folate Receptor Selective Novel 5- And 6- Substituted Pyrrolo [2,3-D]Pyrimidine Antifolates", Shermaine Kimberly Mitchell-Ryan

Wayne State University Dissertations

Ovarian Cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death of women in the United States. Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) constitutes 85-90% of malignancies within the ovary, with an alarming majority of these cases diagnosed at advanced stage. While most patients are initially highly responsive to the current treatment standard, there is a very high probability that they will recur with a drug resistant fatal disease. Currently there is no validated comprehensive model of disease progression for ovarian cancer, although tremendous progress has been made in understanding the origin of this disease and a putative precursor lesion has been identified …

Photodynamic Therapy As An Effective Therapeutic Approach In Mame Models Of Triple Negative And Inflammatory Breast Cancers, Neha Aggarwal

Wayne State University Dissertations

Introduction: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive, FDA approved therapy for

treatment of several indications including endobronchial and esophageal cancers that are

accessible to light. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and inflammatory breast cancer (IBC)

are aggressive and lethal subtypes of breast cancer that spread to chest wall and dermal

lymphatics, respectively, sites that would be accessible to light. Both TNBC and IBC patients

have a relatively poor survival rate due to lack of targeted therapies. Use of PDT is

underexplored for breast cancers but has been proposed for treatment of subtypes for which a

targeted therapy is unavailable. …

Rna Aptamers For Molecular Chaperones Hsp27 And Hsp90, Sathishkumar Kumar Munusamy

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Hsp90 and Hsp27 are members of the heat shock protein family of chaperones that perform multiple roles in cellular maintenance through protein folding and inhibition of apoptosis. They are abundantly expressed in cells and are over-expressed during conditions of stress. Hsp90 requires ATP for its chaperone function while Hsp27 self-associates into higher order oligomers enclosing its substrate. Their ability to interact with other proteins or with themselves lies at the heart of their mechanisms. The specific consequences of each of their interactions on global cellular health have not yet been fully discovered. The sheer diversity of proteins that interact with …

Oncolog, Volume 60, Number 01, January 2015, Bryan Tutt, Markeda Wade, Bryan Tutt, N. Danckers

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Simultaneous Resection of Liver and Lung Metastases from Colorectal Cancer Eliminates Need for Second Surgery: Patients with colorectal cancer metastases to the liver and one or both lungs often face the unwelcome prospect of two operations and two recovery periods. But a novel surgical approach enables the liver and lung lesion resections to be performed during the same operation.
• Some Breast Cancer Patients May Benefit from Shorter Course of Whole-Breast Irradiation: A shorter course of radiation therapy at higher doses per fraction than the standard regimen could reduce side effects and improve quality of life for some patients with breast …

Pathogen Reduction Technology In Transfusion: Where Do We Stand?, Mohammad Khurshid, Bushra Moiz

Section of Haematology/Oncology

No abstract provided.

Rna-Binding Protein Celf1 Controls Marcks Mra Translation In Oral Cancer Cells, Mehul Z. Patel

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Post-transcriptional gene regulation plays an important role in controlling gene expression patterns in mammalian cells. CUG-binding and Embryonic Lethal vision-type RNA-binding protein 3 (ETR)-like Factor (CELF1), also known as CUGBP1, is a RNA-binding protein involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation through nuclear (alternative splicing) and cytoplasmic (mRNA turnover and translation) mRNA processing events. Primarily, CELF1 is known for its contribution to the development of myotonic dystrophy (DM1). But, published observations from our laboratory and others determined that CELF1 is overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) as well as multiple other cancers. Unpublished proteomic pulsed-stable isotope labeling by amino …

Oncology Section Edge Task Force On Breast Cancer Outcomes: A Systematic Review Of Outcome Measures For Functional Mobility, Mary Insana Fisher, Jeannette Lee, Claire Davies, Hannah Geyer, Genevieve Colon, Lucinda Pfalzer

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Background: Breast cancer treatments in women with breast cancer often result in physical impairments that lead to activity limitations and participation restrictions. These limitations and restrictions manifest in impaired functional mobility skills that may impact survivorship. Thus, evaluation of functional mobility is an important part of survivorship care.

Purpose: To identify functional mobility outcome measures that possess strong psychometric properties and are clinically useful for examination of women treated for breast cancer.

Methods: Multiple electronic databases were searched for articles published after 1995. Studies were included if they reported psychometric properties, used clinically feasible methods, were performed on adults, and …

Mammary Glands Possess Intrinsic Molecular Laterality And Respond Left-Right Differently To Genetic And Pharmacological Manipulation, Jacqulyne Michelle Ponville-Robichaux

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Mammary Glands Possess Intrinsic Molecular Laterality and Respond Left-Right Differently to Genetic and Pharmacological Manipulation. (Under the direction of Ann Ramsdell) More tumors form in the left (L) breast and tumors in the right (R) breast may be more aggressive. These epidemiological findings suggest L-R differences in overall tumor biology depending on the side of tumor origin, leading to the hypothesis that mammary glands are L-R different and have discordant responses to neoplastic risk factors. Here we show that normal mammary glands are molecularly L-R different, and have more mammary stem cells (MaSCs) in the L thoracic mammary gland (TMG). …

Circulating Fibroblast Precursors In Soft Tissue Sarcoma Metastasis, Dayvia Laws Russell

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare, malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin that manifest in the connective tissues, including muscle, adipose and deep skin tissue, nerves, and joint tissue. Complications from primary or recurrent sarcomas often lead to increased morbidity, but the most lethal aspect of sarcomas is their propensity for hematogenous dissemination leading to metastatic disease. After development of distant metastases, the median survival for patients with STS is merely 11 to 15 months1,2. Therefore, gaining a better understanding of the metastatic environment is essential to developing new therapies. The tumor microenvironment has been implicated as an essential component for …

Psychological Distress And Quality Of Life In Lung Cancer: The Role Of Health-Related Stigma, Illness Appraisals And Social Constraints, Suzanne Chambers, P. Baade, P. Youl, J. Aitken, S. Occhipinti, S. Vinod, P.C. Valery, G. Garvey, K.M. Fong, D. Ball, H. Zorbas, J. Dunn, D.L. O'Connell

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Objective: Health-related stigma is associated with negative psychological and quality of life outcomes in lung cancer patients. This study describes the impact of stigma on lung cancer patients' psychological distress and quality of life and explores the role of social constraints and illness appraisal as mediators of effect. Methods: A self-administered cross-sectional survey examined psychological distress and quality of life in 151 people (59% response rate) diagnosed with lung cancer from Queensland and New South Wales. Health-related stigma, social constraints and illness appraisals were assessed as predictors of adjustment outcomes. Results: Forty-nine percent of patients reported elevated anxiety; 41% were …

Targeted Mutational Profiling Of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Not Otherwise Specified Highlights New Mechanisms In A Heterogeneous Pathogenesis., J. H. Schatz, S. M. Horwitz, J. Teruya-Feldstein, Matthew A. Lunning, A. Viale, K. Huberman, N. D. Socci, N. Lailler, A. Heguy, I. Dolgalev, J. C. Migliacci, M. Pirun, M. L. Palomba, D. M. Weinstock, H-G Wendel

Journal Articles: Oncology and Hematology

No abstract provided.

Selective Lymphadenectomy In Endometrial Cancer: Retrospective Analysis Of Morbidity And Survival Data At A Tertiary Care Centre, Uzma Chishti, Aliya Aziz, Munazza Akhtar, Sana Sheikh

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Objective: To compare perioperative morbidity and survival data between patients with early-stage endometrial cancer who did or did not undergo selective lymphadenectomy.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of 180 patients with early-stage endometrial carcinoma treated between 1999 and 2008 was performed in Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Results: Data from 180 patients were analysed. The selective lymphadenectomy group contained 108 women (60%) and the no lymphadenectomy group contained 72 women (40%). The median number of lymph nodes removed was 9. The mean age and extent of disease, as assessed by staging, tumour size, myometrial invasion, and lymphovascular invasion were comparable between …

Therapeutic Targeting Of Replicative Immortality, Paul Yaswen, Karen L. Mackenzie, W. Nicol Keith, Patricia Hentosh, Francis Rodier, Jiyue Zhu, Gary L. Firestone, Ander Matheu, Amancio Carnero, Alan Bilsland

School of Medical Diagnostics & Translational Sciences Publications

One of the hallmarks of malignant cell populations is the ability to undergo continuous proliferation. This property allows clonal lineages to acquire sequential aberrations that can fuel increasingly autonomous growth, invasiveness, and therapeutic resistance. Innate cellular mechanisms have evolved to regulate replicative potential as a hedge against malignant progression. When activated in the absence of normal terminal differentiation cues, these mechanisms can result in a state of persistent cytostasis. This state, termed “senescence,” can be triggered by intrinsic cellular processes such as telomere dysfunction and oncogene expression, and by exogenous factors such as DNA damaging agents or oxidative environments. Despite …

Effective, Clinically Feasible And Sustainable: Key Design Features Of Psycho-Educational And Supportive Care Interventions To Promote Individualised Self-Management In Cancer Care, P. Schofield, Suzanne Chambers

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

As the global burden of cancer increases healthcare services will face increasing challenges in meet the complex needs of these patients, their families and the communities in which they live. This raises the question of how to meet patient need where direct clinical contact may be constrained or not readily available. Patients and families require resources and skills to manage their illness outside of the hospital setting within their own communities. Aim. To propose a framework for the development and delivery of psycho-educational and supportive care interventions drawing on theoretical principles of behaviour change and evidence-based interventions, and based on …

An Educational Program For Nurses On Therapeutic Misconception In The Oncology Setting, Debra Magnanelli

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

A key component of informed consent to participate in research is the understanding that research is not the same as treatment and that scientific goals have priority over therapeutic ones. However, studies have found many research participants do not understand these important differences between research and treatment, a phenomenon termed therapeutic misconception (TM). The problem addressed in this project was research nurses' lack of education regarding the existence and concepts of TM, and their struggles to assess and address research participants' TM of clinical trials. Matutina's conceptual model of TM was used to guide this project. The purpose of this …

Promoting Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Haitian Americans, Steven S. Coughlin, Erica I. Lubetkin, Jennifer L. Hay, Renald Raphael, Selina A. Smith

Publications and Research

Background

Few studies have examined colorectal cancer screening among Haitian Americans, although striking disparities in colorectal cancer screening and mortality are well-documented among U.S. Blacks. Race, socioeconomic status, and place of birth are factors associated with colorectal cancer incidence and mortality patterns.

Methods

In this article, we summarize published studies on colorectal cancer screening among Haitian Americans, identified through bibliographic searches in PubMed and CINAHL through August 2015, and offer recommendations for further research.

Results

Only one qualitative study and three quantitative surveys have examined colorectal cancer screening among Haitian Americans. A qualitative study found important differences in perceptions of …

A Systematic Review: Non-Pharmacological Interventions For Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea And Vomiting, Miranda L. Ayers, Olateju F. Olowe

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Around 70-80% of patients receiving chemotherapy are at risk of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), which can interfere with appetite and the ability to perform normal activities for daily living. When CINV is severe, psychological distress, depression, and physiological impairment occur. Patients may also stop chemotherapy treatments, which can lead to untimely deaths. The aim of this systematic review was to identify, describe, and evaluate the evidence about the use and effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions, compared to no use of non-pharmacological interventions, on self-reported episodes of CINV among the cancer patients. Twenty articles were reviewed on the use of acupressure, …

Adipocyte-Induced Inflammation In Prostate Tumor Progression In Bone: Role Of Cxcr2 And Osteopontin, Aimalie Lynnette Hardaway

Wayne State University Dissertations

Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men. Evidence suggests that age and obesity, conditions associated with adipocyte accumulation in the bone marrow, are linked to increased risk of developing PCa and progressing to metastatic disease. Studies presented in this dissertation were based on the hypothesis that metastatic progression in bone is a result of a cooperative effort between bone marrow adipocytes, macrophages, osteoclasts, and PCa cells. We specifically focused on two adipocyte-supplied chemokines, CXCL1 and CXCL2, and bone marrow macrophage-secreted osteopontin as key drivers of pro-inflammatory environment in the bone marrow and important …

Heterometallic Titanium–Gold Complexes Inhibit Renal Cancer Cells In Vitro And In Vivo, Jacob Fernandez-Gallardo, Benelita T. Elie, Tanmoy Sadhukha, Swayam Prabha, Mercedes Sanau, Susan A. Rotenberg, Joe W. Ramos, Maria Contel

Publications and Research

Following recent work on heterometallic titanocene–gold complexes as potential chemotherapeutics for renal cancer, we report here on the synthesis, characterization and stability studies of new titanocene complexes containing a methyl group and a carboxylate ligand (mba ¼ S–C6H4–COO) bound to gold(I)-phosphane fragments through a thiolate group [(h-C5H5)2TiMe(m-mba)Au(PR3)]. The compounds are more stable in physiological media than those previously reported and are highly cytotoxic against human cancer renal cell lines. We describe here preliminary mechanistic data involving studies on the interaction of selected compounds with plasmid (pBR322) DNA used as a model nucleic acid, and with selected protein kinases from a …

“Looks Can Be Deceiving”: Adrenal Teratoma Causing Diagnostic Difficulty, Mehwash Nadeem, Muhammad Hammad Ather, M Nasir Sulaiman, Shahid Pervez

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Teratomas are unusual tumours that derived from totipotent cells with their origin from more than one or usually all three germ cells. Here authors are presenting a case of primary retroperitoneal tumour that is a rare clinical entity. A 19-year-old male presented with right lumbar pain and was found to have complex cyst with large calcification in right adrenal gland on imaging. Intraoperatively, he was found to have a solid mass with areas of soft consistency, which was excised en bloc. On gross examination, the cyst contained pieces of bone, few teeth, and hairs entangled in mucinous material. On histological …

Comprehension Of Randomization And Uncertainty In Cancer Clinical Trials Decision Making Among Rural, Appalachian Patients, Janice L. Krieger, Angela L. Palmer-Wackerly, Phokeng M. Dailey, Jessica L. Krok-Schoen, Nancy E. Schoenberg, Electra D. Paskett

Department of Communication Studies: Faculty Publications

Comprehension of randomization is a vital, but understudied, component of informed consent to participate incancer randomized clinical trials(RCTs). Thisstudy examines patient comprehension of the randomization process as well as sources of ongoing uncertainty that may inhibit a patient’s ability to provide informed consent to participate in RCTs. Cancer patients living in rural Appalachia who were offeredanopportunitytoparticipateinacancertreatmentRCT completed in-depth interviews and a brief survey. No systematic differences in randomization comprehension between patients who consented and those who declined participation in a cancer RCT were detected. Comprehension is conceptually distinct from uncertainty, with patients who had both high and low comprehension experiencing …

Survival Analysis Of Total Therapy 3 In Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma, Scott Edward Bowman Miller

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy that accounts for approximately 1% of all adult cancers. This study investigated the impact of patient distance traveled to MM care sites, which was not considered in previous research on any disease-specific staging or prognostic schema despite evidence suggesting that distance impacts patient outcome. This study investigated the impact of patient distance from the site of care on survival outcomes using a group of 480 clinical trial participants. Andersen's behavioral model of health services use functioned as the theoretical model for this study. The independent variable was patient travel distance, controlling for established …

Statistical Modeling Of Microrna Expression With Human Cancers, Ke-Sheng Wang, Yue Pan, Chun Xu

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (containing about 22 nucleotides) that regulate gene expression. MiRNAs are involved in many different biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, fat metabolism, and human cancer genes; while miRNAs may function as candidates for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and predictors of drug response. This paper emphasizes the statistical methods in the analysis of the associations of miRNA gene expression with human cancers and related clinical phenotypes: 1) simple statistical methods include chi-square test, correlation analysis, t-test and one-way ANOVA; 2) regression models include linear and logistic regression; 3) survival analysis approaches such as …

Prognostic Indications Of Elevated Mct4 And Cd147 Across Cancer Types: A Meta-Analysis, Cory D Bovenzi, James Hamilton, Md, Patrick Tassone, Md, Pgy-3, Jennifer Johnson, David Cognetti, Adam J. Luginbuhl, William M. Keane, Tingting Zhan, Madalina Tuluc, Voichita Bar-Ad, Ubaldo E. Martinez-Outshoorn, Md, Joseph M. Curry

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Designing A Broad-Spectrum Integrative Approach For Cancer Prevention And Treatment, Keith I. Block, Charlotte Gyllenhaal, Leroy Lowe, Amedeo Amedei, A.R.M. Ruhul Amin, Amr Amin, Katia Aquilano, Jack Arbiser, Alexandra Arreola, Alla Arzumanyan, Patricia Hentosh

School of Medical Diagnostics & Translational Sciences Publications

Targeted therapies and the consequent adoption of “personalized” oncology have achieved notable successes in some cancers; however, significant problems remain with this approach. Many targeted therapies are highly toxic, costs are extremely high, and most patients experience relapse after a few disease-free months. Relapses arise from genetic heterogeneity in tumors, which harbor therapy-resistant immortalized cells that have adopted alternate and compensatory pathways (i.e., pathways that are not reliant upon the same mechanisms as those which have been targeted). To address these limitations, an international task force of 180 scientists was assembled to explore the concept of a low-toxicity “broad-spectrum” therapeutic …

Plasmablastic Lymphoma Of The Oral Cavity With Breast Recurrence: A Case Report, Zarka Samoon, Romana Idrees, Nehal Masood, Tayyaba Zehra Ansari

Department of Radiation Oncology

Background: Plasmablastic lymphoma is an aggressive variant of diffuse large B cell lymphoma, mostly found in the oral cavity and associated with human immunodeficiency virus. There are no clear guidelines for its treatment. Therapies more intensive than cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone are not associated with a prolonged survival. Lymphomas of the breast are rare, in one series representing 0.14% of all female breast malignancies, with diffuse large B cell lymphoma comprising up to 55% of all cases. Only one case of plasmablastic lymphoma involving the breast has been reported in the literature.CASE PRESENTATION: A 30 year old Pakistani woman, …

Separating Autoimmune And Anti-Tumor Responses With Hsp70iq435a, James Mahon

Master's Theses

Vitiligo and melanoma are both melanocyte-derived diseases; vitiligo progresses through the autoimmune-targeted destruction of healthy melanocytes while melanoma results from uncontrolled proliferation of cancerous melanocytes. Treatment of vitiligo with HSP70iQ435A inhibits the DC-mediated auto-immune response against melanocytes in vitiligo mouse models; this raises the concern that treatment with this modified HSP may also inhibit natural anti-tumor responses against melanocyte-derived melanoma tumor cells.

We hypothesized that HSP70iQ435A prevents migration of melanocyte-antigen reactive T cells to the skin in a way that is mechanistically different from anti-tumor responses to melanoma and therefore would not have a negative effect on anti-tumor responses. We …

The Role Of Noxa/Mcl-1 In Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Hnscc) Treatment, June Young Lee

Theses and Dissertations

Head and neck cancer is the sixth leading type of cancer with 90 percent of head and neck cancer arising from squamous cell lining on the epithelium of the oral and nasal cavity, pharynx, and salivary gland. Even with tremendous achievements on chemotherapeutic drugs and therapies, the long-term prognosis of patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has shown little improvement over the last three decades. Cisplatin is one of widely used chemotherapeutic drugs for multiple

cancers, including head and neck cancer, but the prolonged use of this drug is limited by its toxicity and by the …