Medical Specialties Commons^™

Bi-Specific And Tri-Specific Antibodies- The Next Big Thing In Solid Tumor Therapeutics, K. Runcie, D. R. Budman, V. John, N. Seetharamu

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies An Acute Myeloid Leukemia Susceptibility Locus Near Bicra, C. J. Walker, C. C. Oakes, L. K. Genutis, B. Giacopelli, S. Liyanarachchi, D. Nicolet, A. K. Eisfeld, M. Scholz, J. E. Kolitz, C. D. Bloomfield, +12 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Discovery And Functional Implications Of A Mir-29b-1/Mir-29a Cluster Polymorphism In Acute Myeloid Leukemia, A. Ngankeu, P. Ranganathan, V. Havelange, D. Nicolet, S. Volinia, B. L. Powell, J. E. Kolitz, G. L. Uy, R. M. Stone, R. Garzon, +4 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

© Ngankeu et al. We previously reported that microRNA (miR)-29b is down-regulated and has a tumor suppressor role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, little is known about the mechanisms responsible for miR-29b expression downregulation in AML. In this work we screened for mutations that could affect miR-29b expression. Using Sanger sequencing, we identified a germline thymidine (T) base deletion within the miR-29b-1/miR-29a cluster precursor in 16% of AML patients. Remarkably we found a significant enrichment for the presence of the miR-29 polymorphism in core binding factor (CBF) newly diagnosed AML patients (n = 61/303; 20%) with respect to age, …

Microscale Gene Expression Analysis Of Tumor-Associated Macrophages, Kuldeep S. Attri, Kamiya Mehla, Surendra K. Shukla, Pankaj K. Singh

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

Macrophages, apart from being the key effector cells of the innate immune system, also play critical roles during the development and progression of various complex diseases, including cancer. Tumor-associated macrophages, infiltrate tumors during different stages of cancer progression to regulate motility, invasion, and intravasation to metastatic sites. Macrophages can exist in different polarization states associated with unique function in tumors. Since tumor-associated macrophages constitute a very small proportion of tumor cells, analysis of gene expression pattern using normal extraction buffer-based methods remains a challenging task. Therefore, it is imperative to develop low-throughput strategies to investigate transcriptional regulations from a small …

The Effect Of Individualized Nurse Report Cards And Unit Case Reports On The Awareness And Attitudes Of Nurses Towards Clabsi Contributing Factors, Shannon K. Hawkins

Nursing Theses and Capstone Projects

This DNP project examined the effect of unit case reports and individualized nurse report cards on nurses’ awareness of and attitudes toward central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) contributing factors. This project also sought to determine whether CLABSI incidences differed across units and if that was affected by nurses’ awareness of and attitudes toward CLABSI contributing factors. A convenience sample of registered nurses (RNs) across four medical units was included in this project. Of the 79 RNs who participated in providing feedback on this project, 48 RNs completed pre-implementation surveys, resulting in a response rate of 61%, and 53 completed post-implementation …

The Role Of Tgf-Β/Smad4 Signaling In Cancer, M Zhao, Lopa Mishra, C Deng

Surgery Faculty Publications

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays important roles in many biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, as well as cancer initiation and progression. SMAD4, which serves as the central mediator of TGF-β signaling, is specifically inactivated in over half of pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma, and varying degrees in many other types of cancers. In the past two decades, multiple studies have revealed that SMAD4 loss on its own does not initiate tumor formation, but can promote tumor progression initiated by other genes, such as KRAS activation in pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma and APC inactivation in colorectal cancer. In …

Low Sucrose, Omega-3 Enriched Diet Has Region-Specific Effects On Neuroinflammation And Synaptic Function Markers In A Mouse Model Of Doxorubicin-Based Chemotherapy, Tonya S. Orchard, Monica M. Gaudier-Diaz, Panchita Phuwamongkolwiwat-Chu, Rebecca Andridge, Maryam B. Lustberg, Joshua Bomser, Rachel M. Cole, Martha A. Belury, Courtney A. Devries

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin may negatively affect long-term brain functioning in cancer survivors; neuroinflammation may play a causal role. Dietary approaches that reduce inflammation, such as lowering sucrose and increasing eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA), may attenuate chemotherapy-induced neuroinflammation and synaptic damage, thereby improving quality of life. Ovariectomized, C57BL/6 mice were assigned to a chemotherapy (9 mg/kg doxorubicin + 90 mg/kg cyclophosphamide) or vehicle two-injection regimen, with injections two and four weeks after starting diets. In Study 1, mice received low sucrose diets with EPA + DHA or No EPA + DHA for four to six …

Primary Cns Burkitt Lymphoma: A Case Report Of A 55-Year-Old Cerebral Palsy Patient, Kathryn Bower, Nilay Shah

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

With primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) being a rare disease, the subtype of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) presenting as a sole CNS lesion is an even more exceptional diagnosis. A case of coexistent primary CNS Burkitt lymphoma (PCNSBL) with cerebral palsy (CP) is presented. A 55-year-old Caucasian male presented with increasing bilateral lower extremity weakness above his baseline in addition to signs of increased intracranial pressure. Four abnormal enhancing masses were detected on MRI with biopsy results consistent with Burkitt lymphoma. Complete staging workup was completed with no evidence of extra- CNS disease noted on PET/CT, bone marrow biopsy, or …

Merkel Cell Carcinoma Masquerading As Cellulitis: A Case Report And Review Of The Literature, F. Safa, M. Pant, C. Weerasinghe, R. Felix, T. Terjanian

Journal Articles

© 2018 Multimed Inc. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an uncommon malignancy of the skin arising from cells located in the deeper layers of the epidermis called Merkel cells. This malignancy rarely presents as a metastatic disease, and the field is therefore deficient in regards to management. We report the case of a 49-year-old woman who presented with a presumptive diagnosis of osteomyelitis of the left fifth digit that was resistant to treatment with antibiotics; she underwent debridement of the digit that revealed MCC and was later to have metastatic disease to her lungs, liver, and musculoskeletal system. The management …

Renal Involvement In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia., R. Wanchoo, C. Bernabe Ramirez, J. Barrientos, K. D. Jhaveri

Journal Articles

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most commonly diagnosed adult leukemia in the USA and Western Europe. Kidney disease can present in patients with CLL as a manifestation of the disease process such as acute kidney injury with infiltration or with a paraneoplastic glomerular disease or as a manifestation of extra renal obstruction and tumor lysis syndrome. In the current era of novel targeted therapies, kidney disease can also present as a complication of treatment. Tumor lysis syndrome associated with novel agents such as the B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor venetoclax and the monoclonal antibody obinutuzumab are important nephrotoxicities associated with …

Chylothorax In Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Case Series., D. Sammartino, S. Khanijo, S. Koenig, J. F. Katsetos, A. Tufano, K. R. Rai, J. C. Barrientos

Journal Articles

Chylothorax, which is defined as the presence of chyle in the pleural space, is often caused by malignancy. However, chylothorax as a result of underlying CLL is exceedingly rare in the literature. Chyle contains fat soluble vitamins and lymphocytes, meaning that its collection into the pleural space may further exacerbate the immunosupressed state of an individual with CLL. Here, we report three cases of patients with CLL who developed chylothorax, and their management. Chylothorax, although rare with CLL, should be considered in the differential diagnosis when patients with CLL present with pleural effusions, especially if recurrent. Discovery of a chylothorax …

Hybrid Capture–Based Genomic Profiling Of Circulating Tumor Dna From Patients With Advanced Cancers Of The Gastrointestinal Tract Or Anus, A. B. Schrock, D. Pavlick, S. J. Klempner, J. H. Chung, B. Forcier, A. Welsh, L. Young, B. Leyland-Jones, C. Devoe, V. A. Miller, +9 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

© 2018 American Association for Cancer Research. Purpose: Genomic profiling of tumor biopsies from advanced gastrointestinal and anal cancers is increasingly used to inform treatment. In some cases, tissue biopsy can be prohibitive, and we sought to investigate whether analysis of blood-derived circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may provide a minimally invasive alternative. Experimental Design: Hybrid capture–based genomic profiling of 62 genes was performed on blood-based ctDNA from 417 patients with gastrointestinal carcinomas to assess the presence of genomic alterations (GA) and compare with matched tissue samples. Results: Evidence of ctDNA was detected in 344 of 417 samples (82%), and of …

Cpx-351 (Cytarabine And Daunorubicin) Liposome For Injection Versus Conventional Cytarabine Plus Daunorubicin In Older Patients With Newly Diagnosed Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia, J. E. Lancet, G. L. Uy, J. E. Cortes, L. F. Newell, T. L. Lin, E. K. Ritchie, R. K. Stuart, S. A. Strickland, J. E. Kolitz, B. C. Medeiros, +11 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

© 2018 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. Purpose CPX-351 is a dual-drug liposomal encapsulation of cytarabine and daunorubicin that delivers a synergistic 5:1 drug ratio into leukemia cells to a greater extent than normal bone marrow cells. Prior clinical studies demonstrated a sustained drug ratio and exposure in vivo and prolonged survival versus standard-of-care cytarabine plus daunorubicin chemotherapy (7+3 regimen) in older patients with newly diagnosed secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML). Patients and Methods In this open-label, randomized, phase III trial, 309 patients age 60 to 75 years with newly diagnosed high-risk/sAML received one to two induction cycles of …

Extended Follow-Up And Impact Of High-Risk Prognostic Factors From The Phase 3 Resonate Study In Patients With Previously Treated Cll/Sll, J. R. Brown, P. Hillmen, S. O'Brien, J. C. Barrientos, N. M. Reddy, S. E. Coutre, C. S. Tam, S. P. Mulligan, U. Jaeger, J. C. Byrd, +20 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Activity Of Pazopanib And Trabectedin In Advanced Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma, S. Stacchiotti, O. Mir, A. Le Cesne, B. Vincenzi, A. Fedenko, R. G. Maki, N. Somaiah, S. Patel, M. Brahmi, A. Kawai, +13 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Synchronous Presence Of Egfr, Alk Driver Mutations Along With Pd L1 Overexpression In A Resected Early Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report And Review Of Literature., N. Thumallapally, S. Parylo, A. Vennepureddy, U. Ibrahim, A. Sokoloff

Journal Articles

Treatment of lung cancer has been revolutionized with development of drugs that target key driver mutations and immune checkpoints. Until recently, it was believed that these driver mutations are mutually exclusive. However, few reports have emerged citing the presence of both mutations either synchronously or metachronously. We describe a case report of lung adenocarcinoma harboring two driver mutations in the same tumor cells as well as exhibiting high PDL1 expression. We further discuss the possible association of these driver mutations with PDL1 expression.

Preparedness Of School Psychologists To Provide Services For Students Diagnosed With Cancer, Lauren Mckenzie Blevins

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Children who survive cancer face many challenges when reintegrating into the school system. School psychologists are among the school support professionals who may aid in providing support and identifying appropriate interventions and accommodations for the academic and mental health needs of these students. This study identifies whether school psychologists in West Virginia perceive themselves to be adequately prepared to assist students who have survived cancer upon returning to school. A survey containing fourteen questions regarding the individual’s experience, training, and knowledge was distributed to school psychologists in attendance at the Fall 2016 West Virginia School Psychologists’ Association conference. Of the …

Exploring The Regulatory Mechanism Of The Notch Ligand Receptor Jagged1 Via The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor In Breast Cancer, Sean Alan Piwarski

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that binds pollutants, therapeutic drugs and endogenous ligands. AHR is of particular interest in cancer and has been shown to play roles in both tumor progression and tumor suppression. As a result, it has received growing attention as a possible chemotherapeutic target. AHR is expressed in all breast cancer subtypes and can promote or inhibit breast cancer depending on the ligand it binds. The Notch signaling pathway is a highly conserved evolutionary pathway that plays extremely vital roles during development by regulating cell fate and differentiation. Notch signaling has increasingly …

Mlk Book Read 2018 (Research Materials), Holy Cross Libraries

Library Resources for Campus Events

A bibliography of resources available through the Holy Cross Libraries which provide additional information related to the MLK Winter Book Read, based on the best-seller “The Immortal LIfe of Henrietta Lacks” by Rebecca Skoot.

Cancer Care Annual Report 2017-2018, Children's Mercy Hospital

Cancer Center Annual Reports

Annual report of cancer care and oncology services at the Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center. This report has a focus on the HOPE Clinic (Clinica de Hematologia/Oncologia: Puente de Esperanza).

Association Of Two Foxp3 Polymorphisms With Breast Cancer In Chinese Han Women, Wenge Zhu, +Several Additional Authors

Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Faculty Publications

Background

Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is a key gene in the immune system which also plays a role in tumor development. This study aims to explore the association of two FOXP3 polymorphisms (rs3761548 and rs3761549) with susceptibility to breast cancer (BC).

Method

A case–control study was conducted, involving 560 patients and 583 healthy individuals from the Chinese Han population. The genotypes of FOXP3 polymorphisms were detected using the Sequenom MassARRAY method. The association between FOXP3 polymorphisms and BC risk was evaluated using a χ2 test with an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) under six …

The Future Of 5-Fluorouracil Treatment Of Colorectal Cancer: Translating A Better Understanding Into Improved Patient Care, Nathan Smits

Theses and Graduate Projects

5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a pyrimidine analog that has been successfully employed in anticancer therapy for over forty years. Over the past several decades, researchers have characterized its cellular and clinical pharmacology and uncovered multiple mechanisms of action, which include the inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) and incorporation of its metabolites into DNA and RNA. The purpose of this quantitative systemic review was to summarize and evaluate what is known of these mechanisms to determine which are of most significance in the anticancer effects of 5-FU in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. A literature search of peer-reviewed articles dating back to …

The Identification And Segmentation Of Astrocytoma Prior To Critical Mass, By Means Of A Volumetric/Subregion Regression Analysis Of Normal And Neoplastic Brain Tissue, Lyn Higgins

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As the underlying cause of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is presently unclear, this research implements a new approach to identifying and segmenting plausible instances of GBM prior to critical mass. Grade-IV Astrocytoma, or GBM, is an aggressive and malignant cancer arising from star-shaped glial cells, or astrocytes, where the astrocytes, functionally, assist in the support and protection of neurons within the central nervous system and spinal cord. Subsequently, our motivation for researching the ability to recognize GBM is that the underlying cause of the mutation is presently unclear, leading to the operative that GBM is only detectable through a combination of …

Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Signaling Pathway In Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression, Pathogenesis, And Therapeutics, Divya Murthy, Kuldeep S. Attri, Pankaj K. Singh

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterized by its sudden manifestation, rapid progression, poor prognosis, and limited therapeutic options. Genetic alterations in key signaling pathways found in early pancreatic lesions are pivotal for the development and progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplastic lesions into invasive carcinomas. More than 90% of PDAC tumors harbor driver mutations in K-Ras that activate various downstream effector-signaling pathways, including the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. The PI3K pathway also responds to stimuli from various growth factor receptors present on the cancer cell surface that, in turn, modulate downstream signaling cascades. Thus, the inositide signaling acts …

Aminoglycosides Rapidly Inhibit Nad(P)H Metabolism Increasing Reactive Oxygen Species And Cochlear Cell Demise, Danielle E. Desa, Michael G. Nichols, Heather Jensen Smith

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

Despite causing permanent hearing loss by damaging inner ear sensory cells, aminoglycosides (AGs) remain one of the most widely used classes of antibiotics in the world. Although the mechanisms of cochlear sensory cell damage are not fully known, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are clearly implicated. Mitochondrial-specific ROS formation was evaluated in acutely cultured murine cochlear explants exposed to gentamicin (GM), a representative ototoxic AG antibiotic. Superoxide (O2·-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were measured using MitoSOX Red and Dihydrorhodamine 123, respectively, in sensory and supporting cells. A 1-h GM exposure significantly increased O2·- formation in IHCs and increased H2O2 formation in …

Met Receptor Inhibitor Su11274 Localizes In The Endoplasmic Reticulum, Edwin J. Wiest, Heather Jensen Smith, Michael A. Hollingsworth

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

We discovered that SU11274, a class I c-Met inhibitor, fluoresces when excited by 488 nm laser light and showed rapid specific accumulation in distinct subcellular compartments. Given that SU11274 reduces cancer cell viability, we exploited these newly identified spectral properties to determine SU11274 intracellular distribution and accumulation in human pancreatic cancer cells. The aim of the studies reported here was to identify organelle(s) to which SU11274 is trafficked. We conclude that SU11274 rapidly and predominantly accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Peptide Density Targets And Impedes Triple Negative Breast Cancer Metastasis, Daxing Liu, Peng Guo, Craig Mccarthy, Biran Wang, Yu Tao, Debra Auguste

Publications and Research

The C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4, CD184) pathway is a key regulator of cancer metastasis. Existing therapeutics that block CXCR4 signaling are dependent on single molecule-receptor interactions or silencing CXCR4 expression. CXCR4 localizes in lipid rafts and forms dimers therefore CXCR4 targeting and signaling may depend on ligand density. Herein, we report liposomes presenting a CXCR4 binding peptide (DV1) as a threedimensional molecular array, ranging from 9k to 74k molecules μm−2, target triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC cells exhibit a maxima in binding and uptake of DV1functionalized liposomes (L-DV1) in vitro at a specific density, which yields a …

Targeted Treatment Of Advanced Ovarian Cancer: Spotlight On Rucaparib., Diana C Pearre, Krishnansu S Tewari

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

The last 2 years have ushered in a new era in ovarian cancer therapy with the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval of poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi). One of the deadliest cancers that women experience, ovarian cancer, is most often diagnosed in advanced stages. Although cytoreductive surgery and (platinum/taxane-based) chemotherapy can place the majority of patients into remission, most will experience a relapse of their disease in their lifetime. This has led to studies exploring the benefits and efficacy of maintenance treatment. This review will briefly discuss the history of maintenance therapy as well as focus on …

Effectiveness Of Subcutaneously Administered Leuprolide Acetate To Achieve Low Nadir Testosterone In Prostate Cancer Patients., Christopher M Pieczonka, Przemyslaw Twardowski, Joseph Renzulli, Jason Hafron, Deborah M Boldt-Houle, Stuart Atkinson, Scott Eggener

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Evidence suggests lower nadir testosterone levels during the first year of androgen deprivation therapy improve advanced prostate cancer clinical outcomes. We evaluated pivotal trials for subcutaneously administered leuprolide acetate (1-, 3-, 4-, and 6-month doses) to determine nadir testosterone levels. Pooled analysis showed 99%, 97%, and 91% of patients reached nadir testosterone ≤20, ≤10, and ≤5 ng/dL respectively (median ≤3 ng/dL). Across all available categories, $88% of patients reached nadir testosterone ≤5 ng/dL, and

Earle A. Chiles Research Institute 2017 Year In Review, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

2017 Year in Review for the Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, a division of Providence Cancer Institute at the Robert W. Franz Cancer Center. Year in Review is published annually and highlights translational immunotherapy research from the Earle A. Chiles Research Institute.

A leader in cancer immunotherapy research and innovation since 1993, the Earle A. Chiles Research Institute is a world-class research facility, and home to a team of internationally known scientists and physicians.