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Articles 11521 - 11550 of 14905

Full-Text Articles in Medical Specialties

Disease-Causing Fungi In Homes And Yards In The Midwestern United States, Dennis J. Baumgardner Apr 2016

Disease-Causing Fungi In Homes And Yards In The Midwestern United States, Dennis J. Baumgardner

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

A number of fungal pathogens that may result in a variety of human diseases are found in residential homes and yards. The growth of these microscopic fungi is often favored by particular characteristics of the dwelling and nearby outdoor environment. Evolved virulence factors or increased ability of specific fungi to grow in diverse, and sometimes harsh, microenvironments presented by the domestic environment may promote growth and pathogenesis. Infection may occur by inhalation or direct inoculation and include endemic fungi in addition to opportunistic or emerging species. Systemic or locally aggressive fungal infections are particularly likely and may be life-threatening in …

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Blastomyces: Why Be Dimorphic?, Dennis J. Baumgardner Apr 2016

Blastomyces: Why Be Dimorphic?, Dennis J. Baumgardner

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

In introducing the infectious disease focus for this edition of the Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews, the author describes the unsolved mysteries surrounding the dimorphic fungus Blastomyces and the related pathogenesis of pulmonary blastomycosis.

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A Mir-200c/141-Bmi1 Autoregulatory Loop Regulates Oncogenic Activity Of Bmi1 In Cancer Cells., Mingu Kang, Manjari Dimri, Goberdhan P. Dimri Apr 2016

A Mir-200c/141-Bmi1 Autoregulatory Loop Regulates Oncogenic Activity Of Bmi1 In Cancer Cells., Mingu Kang, Manjari Dimri, Goberdhan P. Dimri

Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Faculty Publications

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to function as oncomiRs or tumor suppressors and are important noncoding RNA regulators of oncogenesis. The miR-200c/141 locus on chromosome 12 encodes miR-200c and miR-141, two members of the miR-200 family, which have been shown to function as tumor suppressive miRNAs by targeting multiple oncogenic factors such as polycomb group protein BMI1. Here, we show that BMI1 reciprocally functions as a transcriptional repressor of the miR-200c/141 cluster and that BMI1 inhibitors upregulate expression of miR-200c and miR-141. Our data suggest that BMI1 binds to the miR-200c/141 promoter and regulates it through transcription factor binding motifs E-box …

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Comparative Error-Free And Error-Prone Translesion Synthesis Of N2‑2′-Deoxyguanosine Adducts Formed By Mitomycin C And Its Metabolite, 2,7-Diaminomitosene, In Human Cells, Arindam Bose, Chaitra Surugihalli, Paritosh Pande, Elise Champeil, Ashis K. Basu Apr 2016

Comparative Error-Free And Error-Prone Translesion Synthesis Of N2‑2′-Deoxyguanosine Adducts Formed By Mitomycin C And Its Metabolite, 2,7-Diaminomitosene, In Human Cells, Arindam Bose, Chaitra Surugihalli, Paritosh Pande, Elise Champeil, Ashis K. Basu

Publications and Research

Mitomycin C (MC) is a cytotoxic and mutagenic antitumor agent that alkylates DNA upon reductive activation. 2,7-Diaminomitosene (2,7-DAM) is a major metabolite of MC in tumor cells, which also alkylates DNA. MC forms seven DNA adducts, including monoadducts and inter- and intrastrand cross-links, whereas 2,7-DAM forms two monoadducts. Herein, the biological effects of the dG-N2 adducts formed by MC and 2,7-DAM have been compared by constructing single-stranded plasmids containing these adducts and replicating them in human embryonic kidney 293T cells. Translesion synthesis (TLS) efficiencies of dG-N2-MC and dG-N2-2,7-DAM were 38 ± 3 and 27 …

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Steroid Binding To Autotaxin Links Bile Salts And Lysophosphatidic Acid Signalling, Willem-Jan Keune, Jens Hausmann, Ruth Bolier, Dagmar Tolenaars, Andreas Kremer, Tatjana Heidebrecht, Robbie P. Joosten, Manjula Sunkara, Andrew J. Morris, Elisa Matas-Rico, Wouter H. Moolenaar, Ronald P. Oude Elferink, Anastassis Perrakis Apr 2016

Steroid Binding To Autotaxin Links Bile Salts And Lysophosphatidic Acid Signalling, Willem-Jan Keune, Jens Hausmann, Ruth Bolier, Dagmar Tolenaars, Andreas Kremer, Tatjana Heidebrecht, Robbie P. Joosten, Manjula Sunkara, Andrew J. Morris, Elisa Matas-Rico, Wouter H. Moolenaar, Ronald P. Oude Elferink, Anastassis Perrakis

Gill Heart & Vascular Institute Faculty Publications

Autotaxin (ATX) generates the lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). ATX-LPA signalling is involved in multiple biological and pathophysiological processes, including vasculogenesis, fibrosis, cholestatic pruritus and tumour progression. ATX has a tripartite active site, combining a hydrophilic groove, a hydrophobic lipid-binding pocket and a tunnel of unclear function. We present crystal structures of rat ATX bound to 7α-hydroxycholesterol and the bile salt tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCA), showing how the tunnel selectively binds steroids. A structure of ATX simultaneously harbouring TUDCA in the tunnel and LPA in the pocket, together with kinetic analysis, reveals that bile salts act as partial non-competitive inhibitors …

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The Connectivity Domain: Analyzing Resting State Fmri Data Using Feature-Based Data-Driven And Model-Based Methods, Armin Iraji, Vince D. Calhoun, Natalie M. Wiseman, Esmaeil Davoodi-Bojd, Mohammad R. N. Avanaki, Zhifeng Kou Apr 2016

The Connectivity Domain: Analyzing Resting State Fmri Data Using Feature-Based Data-Driven And Model-Based Methods, Armin Iraji, Vince D. Calhoun, Natalie M. Wiseman, Esmaeil Davoodi-Bojd, Mohammad R. N. Avanaki, Zhifeng Kou

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research Publications

Spontaneous fluctuations of resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) have been widely used to understand the macro-connectome of the human brain. However, these fluctuations are not synchronized among subjects, which leads to limitations and makes utilization of first-level model-based methods challenging. Considering this limitation of rsfMRI data in the time domain, we propose to transfer the spatiotemporal information of the rsfMRI data to another domain, the connectivity domain, in which each value represents the same effect across subjects. Using a set of seed networks and a connectivity index to calculate the functional connectivity for each seed network, we transform data into …

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A Patient With Constitutional Ring 1 Chromosome Characterized By Snp Array Cgh, Sheila Saliganan, Joanna Lee, Sainan Wei Apr 2016

A Patient With Constitutional Ring 1 Chromosome Characterized By Snp Array Cgh, Sheila Saliganan, Joanna Lee, Sainan Wei

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Faculty Publications

We present a male patient with constitutional ring 1 chromosome and subsequent 6 Mb deletion at 1q43q44. The patient displays overlapping clinical features with reported patients with ring 1 chromosome and 1q43q44 microdeletion syndrome. To our knowledge, this is the first patient with ring 1 chromosome characterized by comparative genomic hybridization.

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Gene Expression Profiling In An Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model, Matthew R. Dalton Apr 2016

Gene Expression Profiling In An Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model, Matthew R. Dalton

Senior Honors Theses

Explaining precisely how Alzheimer’s disease (AD)—the world’s most common form of dementia—materializes in the human brain has proven to be one of the most elusive ends in modern medicine. Progressive memory loss, neurodegeneration, and the presence of abnormal protein aggregates of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) characterize this disease. Genome sequencing provides researchers with the ability to better identify disease-related changes in gene expression, some of which may play a role in the initiation and progression toward the AD-like state. Intimate interactions between tissues have been observed in many diseases, particularly between the brain and blood. This analysis seeks …

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Proceedings Of The Third Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: A Review Of Emerging Issues And Technologies, P. Justin Rossi, Aysegul Gunduz, Jack Judy, Linda Wilson, Andre Machado, James J Giordano, W. Jeff Elias, Marvin A. Rossi, Christopher L. Butson, Michael D. Fox, Cameron C. Mcintyre, Nader Pouratian, Nicole C. Swann, Coralie De Hemptinne, Robert E. Gross, Howard J. Chizeck, Michele Tagliati, Andres M. Lozano, Wayne Goodman, Jean-Philippe Langevin, Ron L. Alterman, Umer Akbar, Greg A. Gerhardt, Warren M. Grill, Mark Hallett, Todd Herrington, Jeffrey Herron, Craig Van Horne, Brian H. Kopell, Anthony E. Lang Apr 2016

Proceedings Of The Third Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: A Review Of Emerging Issues And Technologies, P. Justin Rossi, Aysegul Gunduz, Jack Judy, Linda Wilson, Andre Machado, James J Giordano, W. Jeff Elias, Marvin A. Rossi, Christopher L. Butson, Michael D. Fox, Cameron C. Mcintyre, Nader Pouratian, Nicole C. Swann, Coralie De Hemptinne, Robert E. Gross, Howard J. Chizeck, Michele Tagliati, Andres M. Lozano, Wayne Goodman, Jean-Philippe Langevin, Ron L. Alterman, Umer Akbar, Greg A. Gerhardt, Warren M. Grill, Mark Hallett, Todd Herrington, Jeffrey Herron, Craig Van Horne, Brian H. Kopell, Anthony E. Lang

Neuroscience Faculty Publications

The proceedings of the 3rd Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank summarize the most contemporary clinical, electrophysiological, imaging, and computational work on DBS for the treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disease. Significant innovations of the past year are emphasized. The Think Tank's contributors represent a unique multidisciplinary ensemble of expert neurologists, neurosurgeons, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, scientists, engineers, and members of industry. Presentations and discussions covered a broad range of topics, including policy and advocacy considerations for the future of DBS, connectomic approaches to DBS targeting, developments in electrophysiology and related strides toward responsive DBS systems, and recent developments in sensor and …

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Comparison Of Two Commercial Dna Extraction Kits For The Analysis Of Nasopharyngeal Bacterial Communities, Marcos Pérez-Losada, Keith Crandall, Robert J. Freishtat Apr 2016

Comparison Of Two Commercial Dna Extraction Kits For The Analysis Of Nasopharyngeal Bacterial Communities, Marcos Pérez-Losada, Keith Crandall, Robert J. Freishtat

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Characterization of microbial communities via next-generation sequencing (NGS) requires an extraction ofmicrobial DNA. Methodological differences in DNA extraction protocols may bias results and complicate inter-study comparisons. Here we compare the effect of two commonly used commercial kits (Norgen and Qiagen)for the extraction of total DNA on estimatingnasopharyngeal microbiome diversity. The nasopharynxis a reservoir for pathogens associated with respiratory illnesses and a key player in understandingairway microbial dynamics.
Total DNA from nasal washes corresponding to 30 asthmatic children was extracted using theQiagenQIAamp DNA and NorgenRNA/DNA Purification kits and analyzed via IlluminaMiSeq16S rRNA V4 ampliconsequencing. The Norgen samples included more sequence reads …

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Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy In Rural Maharashtra: A Preventative Approach To Risk Factor Reduction Through Lifestyle Interventions, Jess Wiken Apr 2016

Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy In Rural Maharashtra: A Preventative Approach To Risk Factor Reduction Through Lifestyle Interventions, Jess Wiken

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The primary purpose of this study is to assess the contribution and correlation between lifestyle behaviors and modifiable risk factors (MRF) established in adolescence and during pregnancy with development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) exclusive to preeclampsia (PE), eclampsia, and pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). MRF include but are not exclusive to diet and nutrition, physical activity, and Mishri use. Associations of HDP with increased premature cardiovascular risk in the affected woman and child indicate the importance of healthy lifestyle modifications that promote cardiovascular health and longevity and reduction of risk factors through prevention. While cardiac conditions are primarily associated …

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Investigating The Role Of The Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor Mist1 In Pancreatic Diseases, Anju Karki Apr 2016

Investigating The Role Of The Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor Mist1 In Pancreatic Diseases, Anju Karki

Open Access Dissertations

Acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas are dedicated to synthesize, package and secrete immense quantities of pro-digestive enzymes to maintain proper metabolic homeostasis for the organism. Dysregulation of enzyme secretion in acinar cells can give rise to exocrine diseases including acute pancreatitis (AP), a disease that targets acinar cells, leading to acinar-ductal metaplasia (ADM), inflammation and fibrosis—events that can transition into the earliest stages of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The focus of this thesis is to interrogate transcriptional regulatory networks that are susceptible to AP and the role that these networks play in acinar cell and exocrine pancreas responses. The …

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Influence Of The 3d Microenvironment On Glioblastoma Migration And Drug Response, Ruth Marisol Herrera Perez Apr 2016

Influence Of The 3d Microenvironment On Glioblastoma Migration And Drug Response, Ruth Marisol Herrera Perez

Open Access Dissertations

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly invasive brain cancer characterized by poor prognosis. Despite significant efforts by the basic and clinical research community our understanding of GBM progression and recurrence has been incremental. Improvements in therapeutic response have been dismal, and GBM continues to be the deadliest tumor of the central nervous system, with patient average survival rate of 12 months. Synergistic relationships that the tumor cells establish with the brain microenvironment have been proven fundamental for successful tumor progression and maintenance. Yet, many in vitro GBM studies are performed in formats that fail to recapitulate the most essential component of …

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Targeting Histone Deacetylases In Melanoma And T-Cells To Improve Cancer Immunotherapy, Andressa Sodre De Castro Laino Apr 2016

Targeting Histone Deacetylases In Melanoma And T-Cells To Improve Cancer Immunotherapy, Andressa Sodre De Castro Laino

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are key mediators of gene expression and, thus, major regulators of cell function. As such, HDACs play a role in orchestrating tumor biology, and the use of small inhibitors targeting theses proteins is attractive for the field of cancer therapy. Indeed, several HDAC inhibitors have received FDA-approval for the treatment of malignancies, while a myriad of these compounds continue to be evaluated in clinical trials. Besides their direct impact on tumor growth, HDAC inhibitors have been shown to increase immunogenicity of cancer cells, facilitating generation of a productive immune response against tumors. Immunotherapeutic approaches take advantage of …

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Reinforcement Learning, Error-Related Negativity, And Genetic Risk For Alzheimer's Disease, Christina Marie Figueroa Apr 2016

Reinforcement Learning, Error-Related Negativity, And Genetic Risk For Alzheimer's Disease, Christina Marie Figueroa

Dissertations (1934 -)

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been widely used as a model of animal and human learning and decision-making. The neural networks underlying RL involve many of the same structures primarily affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) such as the hippocampus. Yet, RL and non-invasive evaluation of its neural underpinnings have been underutilized as a framework for understanding disease pathology and its pre-clinical states. This study aimed to provide a novel approach for assessing subtle changes in asymptomatic apolipoprotein-E (APOE) carriers and non-carriers. Electroencephalography was collected from forty APOE genotyped older adults (Male n = 11; Mage = 79.30; Meducation = 14.88 years) …

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A Model Of Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, And Vaso-Vagal Responses Produced By Vestibulo-Sympathetic Activation, Theodore Raphan, Bernard Cohen, Yongqing Xiang, Sergei B. Yakushin Mar 2016

A Model Of Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, And Vaso-Vagal Responses Produced By Vestibulo-Sympathetic Activation, Theodore Raphan, Bernard Cohen, Yongqing Xiang, Sergei B. Yakushin

Publications and Research

Blood Pressure (BP), comprised of recurrent systoles and diastoles, is controlled by central mechanisms to maintain blood flow. Periodic behavior of BP was modeled to study how peak amplitudes and frequencies of the systoles are modulated by vestibular activation. The model was implemented as a relaxation oscillator, driven by a central signal related to Desired BP. Relaxation oscillations were maintained by a second order system comprising two integrators and a threshold element in the feedback loop. The output signal related to BP was generated as a nonlinear function of the derivative of the first state variable, which is a summation …

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Tumor Suppressor Spred2 Interaction With Lc3 Promotes Autophagosome Maturation And Induces Autophagy-Dependent Cell Death, Ke Jiang, Min Liu, Guibin Lin, Beibei Mao, Wei Cheng, Han Liu, Jozsef Gal, Haining Zhu, Zengqiang Yuan, Wuguo Deng, Quentin Liu, Peng Gong, Xiaolin Bi, Songshu Meng Mar 2016

Tumor Suppressor Spred2 Interaction With Lc3 Promotes Autophagosome Maturation And Induces Autophagy-Dependent Cell Death, Ke Jiang, Min Liu, Guibin Lin, Beibei Mao, Wei Cheng, Han Liu, Jozsef Gal, Haining Zhu, Zengqiang Yuan, Wuguo Deng, Quentin Liu, Peng Gong, Xiaolin Bi, Songshu Meng

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The tumor suppressor Spred2 (Sprouty-related EVH1 domain-2) induces cell death in a variety of cancers. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here we show that Spred2 induces caspase-independent but autophagy-dependent cell death in human cervical carcinoma HeLa and lung cancer A549 cells. We demonstrate that ectopic Spred2 increased both the conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), GFP-LC3 puncta formation and p62/SQSTM1 degradation in A549 and HeLa cells. Conversely, knockdown of Spred2 in tumor cells inhibited upregulation of autophagosome maturation induced by the autophagy inducer Rapamycin, which could be reversed by the rescue Spred2. These data …

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'Refractory Epilepsy': What Lies Beneath?, Syedah Saira Bokhari, Satwat Hashmi Mar 2016

'Refractory Epilepsy': What Lies Beneath?, Syedah Saira Bokhari, Satwat Hashmi

Section of Internal Medicine

A 30-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with recurrent seizures for 5 days. She had been diagnosed with epilepsy 2 years previously but stopped treatment due to the side effects of her medications. She was now experiencing episodes every 15-30 min. While undergoing a brain MRI to investigate for structural central nervous system pathology, she experienced another episode, preceded by prodromal symptoms. Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia was noted during the event. Further investigation revealed a normal QT interval, normal electrolyte panel, normal coronaries and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Cardiac MRI revealed non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. The patient was managed with heart …

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Ampa-Kainate Receptor Inhibition Promotes Neurologic Recovery In Premature Rabbits With Intraventricular Hemorrhage, Preeti Dohare, Muhammad T. Zia, Ehsan Ahmed, Asad Ahmed, Vivek Yadala, Praveen Ballabh Mar 2016

Ampa-Kainate Receptor Inhibition Promotes Neurologic Recovery In Premature Rabbits With Intraventricular Hemorrhage, Preeti Dohare, Muhammad T. Zia, Ehsan Ahmed, Asad Ahmed, Vivek Yadala, Praveen Ballabh

NYMC Faculty Publications

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm infants leads to cerebral inflammation, reduced myelination of the white matter, and neurological deficits. No therapeutic strategy exists against the IVH-induced white matter injury. AMPA-kainate receptor induced excitotoxicity contributes to oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) damage and hypomyelination in both neonatal and adult models of brain injury. Here, we hypothesized that IVH damages white matter via AMPA receptor activation, and that AMPA-kainate receptor inhibition suppresses inflammation and restores OPC maturation, myelination, and neurologic recovery in preterm newborns with IVH. We tested these hypotheses in a rabbit model of glycerol-induced IVH and evaluated the expression of AMPA …

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Combination Of Vatalanib And A 20-Hete Synthesis Inhibitor Results In Decreased Tumor Growth In An Animal Model Of Human Glioma, Adarsh Shankar, Asm Iskander, Meenu Jain, Tom Mikkelsen, Austin M. Guo, Ali Arbab Mar 2016

Combination Of Vatalanib And A 20-Hete Synthesis Inhibitor Results In Decreased Tumor Growth In An Animal Model Of Human Glioma, Adarsh Shankar, Asm Iskander, Meenu Jain, Tom Mikkelsen, Austin M. Guo, Ali Arbab

NYMC Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Due to the hypervascular nature of glioblastoma (GBM), antiangiogenic treatments, such as vatalanib, have been added as an adjuvant to control angiogenesis and tumor growth. However, evidence of progressive tumor growth and resistance to antiangiogenic treatment has been observed. To counter the unwanted effect of vatalanib on GBM growth, we have added a new agent known as N-hydroxy-N'-(4-butyl-2 methylphenyl)formamidine (HET0016), which is a selective inhibitor of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) synthesis. The aims of the studies were to determine 1) whether the addition of HET0016 can attenuate the unwanted effect of vatalanib on tumor growth and 2) whether the treatment …

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P-Rex1 Promotes Resistance To Vegf/Vegfr-Targeted Therapy In Prostate Cancer, Hira Lal Goel, Bryan Pursell, Leonard D. Shultz, Dale L. Greiner, Rolf A Brekken, Craig W. Vander Kooi, Arthur M. Mercurio Mar 2016

P-Rex1 Promotes Resistance To Vegf/Vegfr-Targeted Therapy In Prostate Cancer, Hira Lal Goel, Bryan Pursell, Leonard D. Shultz, Dale L. Greiner, Rolf A Brekken, Craig W. Vander Kooi, Arthur M. Mercurio

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Autocrine VEGF signaling is critical for sustaining prostate and other cancer stem cells (CSCs), and it is a potential therapeutic target, but we observed that CSCs isolated from prostate tumors are resistant to anti-VEGF (bevacizumab) and anti-VEGFR (sunitinib) therapy. Intriguingly, resistance is mediated by VEGF/neuropilin signaling, which is not inhibited by bevacizumab and sunitinib, and it involves the induction of P-Rex1, a Rac GEF, and consequent Rac1-mediated ERK activation. This induction of P-Rex1 is dependent on Myc. CSCs isolated from the PTENpc−/− transgenic model of prostate cancer exhibit Rac1-dependent resistance to bevacizumab. Rac1 inhibition or P-Rex1 downregulation increases the …

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Autocrine Epiregulin Activates Egfr Pathway For Lung Metastasis Via Emt In Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma, Shuli Liu, Dongxia Ye, Dongliang Xu, Yueling Liao, Ling Zhang, Liu Liu, Wenwen Yu, Yanan Wang, Yue He, Jingzhou Hu, Wenzheng Guo, Tong Wang, Beibei Sun, Hongyong Song, Huijing Yin, Jingyi Liu, Yadi Wu, Hanguang Zhu, Binhua P. Zhou, Jiong Deng, Zhiyuan Zhang Mar 2016

Autocrine Epiregulin Activates Egfr Pathway For Lung Metastasis Via Emt In Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma, Shuli Liu, Dongxia Ye, Dongliang Xu, Yueling Liao, Ling Zhang, Liu Liu, Wenwen Yu, Yanan Wang, Yue He, Jingzhou Hu, Wenzheng Guo, Tong Wang, Beibei Sun, Hongyong Song, Huijing Yin, Jingyi Liu, Yadi Wu, Hanguang Zhu, Binhua P. Zhou, Jiong Deng, Zhiyuan Zhang

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is characterized by invasive local growth and a high incidence of lung metastasis. Patients with lung metastasis have a poor prognosis. Treatment of metastatic SACC has been unsuccessful, largely due to a lack of specific targets for the metastatic cells. In this study, we showed that epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) were constitutively activated in metastatic lung subtypes of SACC cells, and that this activation was induced by autocrine expression of epiregulin (EREG), a ligand of EGFR. Autocrine EREG expression was increased in metastatic SACC-LM cells compared to that in non-metastatic parental SACC cells. Importantly, …

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The Association Between Vitamin A Status Or Supplementation And Hiv/Aids, Mikaela Kathleen Curtis Mar 2016

The Association Between Vitamin A Status Or Supplementation And Hiv/Aids, Mikaela Kathleen Curtis

Food Science and Nutrition

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has infected millions of people since the start of the epidemic in the early 1980s. HIV is the etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which has taken millions of lives. It is extremely difficult for particular populations to receive medication to treat HIV infection and prevent the progression of HIV to AIDS. Multiple studies have examined the effect of vitamin A on HIV infection, due to its immune stimulating effects. It is unclear whether an association exists between vitamin A and different aspects of HIV. This review examined the effect of vitamin A …

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Teaching Internal Medicine Residents About Genetics: One Topic At A Time - Breast Cancer, Maria Henry, Andrew Nance, Charles Macri Mar 2016

Teaching Internal Medicine Residents About Genetics: One Topic At A Time - Breast Cancer, Maria Henry, Andrew Nance, Charles Macri

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Background: Currently, the field of medicine is experiencing rapid changes in genetics and genomics information. While medical school curricula all include some genetics education, the content may vary from one school to another, leaving Internal Medicine (IM) residents with different skills and knowledge. In an IM residency where residents come from different medical schools, presenting an organized genetics curriculum may have value. Patients expect their physicians to be knowledgeable and current about their specific disease, including the genetic components and expect that they can inform them about terminology, inheritance, diagnostic testing, risks and benefits of testing. Physicians will need …

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Imparting Research Ethics In Emergency Medicine-A Perspective From The Developing World, Shahan Waheed, Muhammad Akbar Baig, Asad Mian Mar 2016

Imparting Research Ethics In Emergency Medicine-A Perspective From The Developing World, Shahan Waheed, Muhammad Akbar Baig, Asad Mian

Department of Emergency Medicine

No abstract provided.

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Molecular Analyses Of Circadian Gene Variants Reveal Sex-Dependent Links Between Depression And Clocks, S-Q Shi, M. J. White, H. M. Borsetti, Julie S. Pendergast, A. Hida, C. M. Ciarleglio, P. A. De Verteuil, A. G. Cadar, C. Cala, D. G. Mcmahon, R. C. Shelton, S. M. Williams, C. H. Johnson Mar 2016

Molecular Analyses Of Circadian Gene Variants Reveal Sex-Dependent Links Between Depression And Clocks, S-Q Shi, M. J. White, H. M. Borsetti, Julie S. Pendergast, A. Hida, C. M. Ciarleglio, P. A. De Verteuil, A. G. Cadar, C. Cala, D. G. Mcmahon, R. C. Shelton, S. M. Williams, C. H. Johnson

Biology Faculty Publications

An extensive literature links circadian irregularities and/or sleep abnormalities to mood disorders. Despite the strong genetic component underlying many mood disorders, however, previous genetic associations between circadian clock gene variants and major depressive disorder (MDD) have been weak. We applied a combined molecular/functional and genetic association approach to circadian gene polymorphisms in sex-stratified populations of control subjects and case subjects suffering from MDD. This approach identified significant sex-dependent associations of common variants of the circadian clock genes hClock, hPer3 and hNpas2 with major depression and demonstrated functional effects of these polymorphisms on the expression or activity of the hCLOCK …

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Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (Ecmo) For Severe Toxicological Exposures: Review Of The Toxicology Investigators Consortium (Toxic)., G S. Wang, R Levitan, T J. Wiegand, Jennifer Lowry, R F. Schult, S Yin, Toxicology Investigators Consortium Mar 2016

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (Ecmo) For Severe Toxicological Exposures: Review Of The Toxicology Investigators Consortium (Toxic)., G S. Wang, R Levitan, T J. Wiegand, Jennifer Lowry, R F. Schult, S Yin, Toxicology Investigators Consortium

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Although there have been many developments related to specific strategies for treating patients after poisoning exposures, the mainstay of therapy remains symptomatic and supportive care. One of the most aggressive supportive modalities is extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Our goal was to describe the use of ECMO for toxicological exposures reported to the American College of Medical Toxicology (ACMT) Toxicology Investigators Consortium (ToxIC). We performed a retrospective review of the ACMT ToxIC Registry from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2013. Inclusion criteria included patients aged 0 to 89 years, evaluated between January 2010 through December 2013, and received ECMO for …

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Techniques And Approaches To Genetic Analyses In Nephrological Disorders., Laurel K. Willig Mar 2016

Techniques And Approaches To Genetic Analyses In Nephrological Disorders., Laurel K. Willig

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Inherited renal disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric nephrology. High throughput advancements in genomics have led to greater understanding of the biologic underpinnings of these diseases. However, the underlying genetic changes explain only part of the molecular biology that contributes to disease manifestation and progression. Other omics technologies will provide a more complete picture of these cellular processes. This review discusses these omics technologies in the context of pediatric renal disease.

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Alternative Regulation Of Myc In Lung Cancer, Patrick N. Backman Mar 2016

Alternative Regulation Of Myc In Lung Cancer, Patrick N. Backman

Open Access Theses

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States, accounting for 27% of all cancer induced deaths1. In an attempt to create a effective targeted therapy for the treatment of lung cancer, a strategy used to treat an activated KrasG12D/+;p53 R172H/+ transgenic lung cancer mouse model was to deliver a known tumor suppressive microRNA (miRNA) to stop tumor growth. The tumor suppressive miRNA let-7 was lentivirally delivered in the form of its primary transcript, pri-let-7a-1, and resulted in increased lung size and inflammation compared to lungs exposed to a control lentivirus. It was identified …

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Post-Chemotherapy Neuroblastoma-Like Differentiation In Ewing Sarcoma Of Humerus: Report Of A Rare Case With Review Of Literature, Nasir Ud Din, Amna Qasim, Zubair Ahmad, Sheema H Hasan Mar 2016

Post-Chemotherapy Neuroblastoma-Like Differentiation In Ewing Sarcoma Of Humerus: Report Of A Rare Case With Review Of Literature, Nasir Ud Din, Amna Qasim, Zubair Ahmad, Sheema H Hasan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

A 21-year patient initially presented with a fracture of the humerus following minor trauma. A bone scan and biopsy were done due to the suspicion of pathological fracture and the biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Ewing Sarcoma (EWS). Two months after initial presentation, chemotherapy was started and 5 cycles were given over a span of 6 months. Surgical resection of the tumor was then performed. The post-chemotherapy resection specimen, on histological examination, showed the presence of areas of neuroblastoma-like differentiation in otherwise morphologically classic EWS. Cytogenetic analysis by FISH revealed EWSR1 gene rearrangement. Four similar cases have been reported earlier …

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