Medical Specialties Commons^™

Is Parathyroid Hormone (Pth) Replacement Therapy Effective In Treating Patients With Hypoparathyroidism?, Kaidden G. Kelly

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Is Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) replacement therapy an effective treatment for patients with hypoparathyroidism?”

STUDY DESIGN: Review of a randomized control trial published in 2011, a prospective cohort study published in 2013, and a randomized crossover study published in 2012.

DATA SOURCES: All articles used were published in English, and were found in peer-reviewed journals using PubMed.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The need to remove supplemental calcium from the diet, the amount PTH was used to maintain a normal range, and the method of PTH …

The Association Between Known Risk Factors For Type 2 Diabetes, And The Body Mass Index Of Diabetic Adults, Faten Ahmed Almubarak

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been a major research topic in scientific health studies. Diabetes is a chronic condition in which blood glucose levels are chronically elevated to more than 7.0 mmol/l in fasting plasma glucose test. The most common form of diabetes is Type 2 (TD2M). The International Diabetes Federation (2015) estimated the number of DM cases worldwide to be 415 million people in 2015. This number is predicted to increase by the year 2040, to 642 million people. The purpose of this study was to use the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data to identify the risk factors for …

Analysis Of The Efforts Of Urban And Rural Health Systems To Achieve Accountable Care Organization Target Goals For Dilated Eye Exams In Individuals With Diabetes, Michele Gilliam

Muskie School Capstones and Dissertations

This capstone project was designed to understand and analyze the completion rates for diabetic dilated eye exams within four different health systems participating in the MaineHealth Accountable Care Organizations (ACO). This research is valuable within the current US health care climate as health care providers have sought to evaluate the cost of care in terms of their value to payers. Moreover, many providers have elected to join the ACO in order to demonstrate better outcomes, improve the cost of care and to share programmatic content and tools to standardized care. Within this capstone, system level workflows and processes were evaluated …

Divergent Relationship Of Circulating Ctrp3 Levels Between Obesity And Gender: A Cross-Sectional Study, Roy Marshall Wagner, Kamesh Sivagnanam, W. Andrew Clark, Jonathan M. Peterson

ETSU Faculty Works

C1q TNF Related Protein 3 (CTRP3) is a novel adipose tissue derived secreted factor, or adipokine, which has been linked to a number of beneficial biological effects on metabolism, inflammation, and survival signaling in a variety of tissues. However, very little is known about CTRP3 in regards to human health. The purpose of this project was to examine circulating CTRP3 levels in a clinical population, patients with symptoms requiring heart catheterization in order to identify the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). It was hypothesized that serum CTRP3 levels would be decreased in the presence of CAD.

Methods

Body …

Understanding Adipocyte Dynamics Through Mathematical Modeling, Katrina Johnson, Fred Adler

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

Identification Of Putative Receptors For The Novel Adipokine Ctrp3 Using Ligand-Receptor Capture Technology, Ying Li, Tammy Ozment, Gary L. Wright, Jonathan M. Peterson

ETSU Faculty Works

C1q TNF Related Protein 3 (CTRP3) is a member of a family of secreted proteins that exert a multitude of biological effects. Our initial work identified CTRP3’s promise as an effective treatment for Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Specifically, we demonstrated that mice fed a high fat diet failed to develop NAFLD when treated with CTRP3. The purpose of this current project is to identify putative receptors which mediate the hepatic actions of CTRP3.

Methods

We used Ligand-receptor glycocapture technology with TriCEPS™-based ligand-receptor capture (LRC-TriCEPS; Dualsystems Biotech AG). The LRC-TriCEPS experiment with CTRP3-FLAG protein as ligand and insulin as a …

An Unusual Pathogen Causing Native Valve Endocarditis., Aneela Hussain, Nosheen Nasir, Bushra Jamil

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Increased Sleep On The Circadian Rhythm Of Salivary Cortisol Concentrations, Mariah Jacqueline Scott

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Cortisol is a salivary marker for the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) component of the stress response. The activity of the HPA demonstrates a circadian rhythm. It is well known that sleep deprivation increases cortisol concentrations. In this study, we looked at the effect of an increase of one-hour sleep for one month on the circadian rhythm of the HPA.

Eight college subjects (n=8) collected saliva during their normal sleep wake cycle every 4 hours for 24 hours. Saliva collections were repeated after a month of increase of sleep by 1-hour. The subjects also completed demographic forms that asked for age, sex, …

Advances And Perspectives In Genetics Of Congenital Thyroid Disorders, Héctor M. Targovnik, Cintia E. Citterio, Sofi Siff, Carina M. Rivolta

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

"Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most frequent endocrine disease in infants, affects about 1 in 3,000 newborns and is characterized by elevated levels of thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) as a consequence of reduced thyroid function. It is also one of the most common preventable causes of cognitive and motor deficits. Prevention of CH is based on carrier identification, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis. In neonates a complete diagnosis of CH should include clinical examination, biochemical thyroid tests, thyroid ultrasound, radioiodine or technetium scintigraphy and perchlorate discharge test (PDT). In the last two decades, considerable progress has been made in identifying the …

The Postfinasteride Syndrome; An Overview, David L. Rowland, Ion G. Motofei, Florian Popa, Vlad D. Constantin, Adriana Vasilache, Ioana Păunică, Cristian Bălălău, Georgeta P. Păunică, Petrisor Banu, Stana Păunică

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

As a 5-α reductase inhibitor, Finasteride has proven effective in ameliorating two conditions documented to be androgen dependent, namely male androgenic alopecia and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Therapeutic results are maintained as long as the drug is administered, with treatment cessation generally leading to the return of symptomatology for each condition. In addition, during the therapeutic phase, several adverse effects have been reported, some of which persist long or indefinitely after treatment cessation, known as “post-finasteride syndrome.”

Herein we present and discuss the most common finasteride side effects, along with a psycho-neuroendocrine rationale that could explain the persistence of many adverse …

Glycemic Variability Predicts Inflammation In Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes, Robert P. Hoffman, Amanda S. Dye, Hong Huang, John A. Bauer

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Background: Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have increased risk of cardiovascular disease as well as elevations in biomarkers of systemic inflammation, plasma protein oxidation and vascular endothelial injury. It is unclear whether hyperglycemia itself, or variations in blood glucose are predictors of these abnormalities.

Methods: This study was designed to determine the relationship of inflammatory (C-reactive protein, CRP), oxidative (total anti-oxidative capacity, TAOC) and endothelial injury (soluble intracellular adhesion molecule 1, sICAM1) markers to glycemic control measures from 3 days of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and to hemoglobin A_1c (HbA_1c), and HbA_1c×duration area under …

Preconception Optimization Of Glycaemic Control In Diabetes, Najmul Islam

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus is increasing worldwide. In developing countries 25% of adult females with diabetes are in the reproductive age. Thus in developing countries increased number of pregnancies are complicated by diabetes. Uncontrolled diabetes in pregnancy is associated with increased risk for both mother and foetus. These risks can be minimized by good control of diabetes before and during pregnancy. Management in the preconception period is discussed in this review article. Detailed management involves general advice of lifestyle modification followed by specific details of screening for complications of diabetes. Changes in the drugs for both glycaemic control and …

Burden Of Diabetes Mellitus And Role Of Telemedicine In Its Management: Narrative Review, Gulshan Bano, Savera Aziz Ali, Minaz Mawani, Sumera Aziz Ali

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

Objective: The purpose of this review is to summarize the findings regarding the prevalence and risk factors of Diabetes Mellitusin developed and developing world and to review the management options for Diabetes Mellitus especially the role of telemedicine.

Methodology: Extensive literature review was carried by retrieving articles from various databases like Pub med, Google scholar, Science direct, Scopus and Archives of Medicine. Relevant articles were retrieved from different databases by using text words and phrases like ‘Diabetes Mellitus’, ‘Management’, ‘risk factors’, ‘prevalence of Diabetes’, ‘telemedicine’, ‘e- health’. Types of studies were descriptive studies, systematic reviews and various reports. …

Glucose Monitoring In Pregnancy Complicated By Diabetes., Aisha Sheikh, Abdul Jabbar

Department of Medicine

Diabetes in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Due to variations in insulin resistance throughout pregnancy there is a continuous need to implement Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT), exercise and pharmacological treatments which have to be escalated. Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is integral to the management of diabetes in pregnancy. Proper implementation of SMBG in pregnant women with diabetes requires patient education and understanding of its applications and limitations. Real-time results enable individuals to make informed daily self-care decisions regarding diet, exercise, and insulin. Retrospective analysis of SMBG data enables clinicians to develop individualized care plans, informing …

Regulation Of Polycystin-1 Function By Calmodulin Binding, Nicholas Doerr, Yidi Wang, Kevin R. Kipp, Guangyi Liu, Jesse J. Benza, Vladimir Pletnev, Tengis S. Pavlov, Alexander Staruschenko, Ashraf M. Mohieldin, Maki Takahashi, Surya M. Nauli, Thomas Weimbs

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a common genetic disease that leads to progressive renal cyst growth and loss of renal function, and is caused by mutations in the genes encoding polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2), respectively. The PC1/PC2 complex localizes to primary cilia and can act as a flow-dependent calcium channel in addition to numerous other signaling functions. The exact functions of the polycystins, their regulation and the purpose of the PC1/PC2 channel are still poorly understood. PC1 is an integral membrane protein with a large extracytoplasmic N-terminal domain and a short, ~200 amino acid C-terminal cytoplasmic tail. …

Rediscovery Of Self-Care For Incarcerated Persons With Diabetes, Louise Reagan, Deborah Shelton, Elizabeth Anderson

Journal for Evidence-based Practice in Correctional Health

Purpose: To examine self-care for diabetes in the incarcerated population within the framework of the Rediscovery of Self-Care (RSC), a newly developed care model for persons with incarceration experience

Organizing Construct: Diabetes is a chronic illness that requires the development and use complex self-care management skills. The RSC is a strengths-based model promoting the belief that inmate- patients are capable of re-discovering their own strengths for self-care.

Findings: Persons with an incarceration experience have person and environment exposures that reduce their self-care capabilities for diabetes. Using a clinical case management approach, clinicians can assist incarcerated persons with re-entry …

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Presenting With Diabetic Ketoacidosis (Dka) In A Neonate, Fareed Ahmed, Sayyeda Ghazala Kazi, Waqas Khan

Department of Emergency Medicine

Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare manifestation with an incidence of one affected individual among 400000 live births. NDM can be divided into Transient (TNDM) and Permanent (PNDM) types. A significant overlap occurs between both groups, to an extent that TNDM cannot be distinguished from PNDM based solely on clinical features. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (TIDM). DKA at diagnosis is more common in young children near the age of five years. Neonatal DKA is a rare occurrence causing it to be missed in the differential …

A Case Of Pituitary Abscess Presenting Without A Source Of Infection Or Prior Pituitary Pathology, Derick Adams, Philip A. Kern

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Pituitary abscess is a relatively uncommon cause of pituitary hormone deficiencies and/or a suprasellar mass. Risk factors for pituitary abscess include prior surgery, irradiation and/or pathology of the suprasellar region as well as underlying infections. We present the case of a 22-year-old female presenting with a spontaneous pituitary abscess in the absence of risk factors described previously. Her initial presentation included headache, bitemporal hemianopia, polyuria, polydipsia and amenorrhoea. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of her pituitary showed a suprasellar mass. As the patient did not have any risk factors for pituitary abscess or symptoms of infection, the diagnosis was not suspected …

Rice Consumption And Effects Of Rice Cake, Seolgitteok, On Human Health, Ellen Joy Pottgen

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Within the United States type 2 diabetes is an ever growing health epidemic. The prevalence in the adult population has quadrupled over the past 30 years and is expected to continue on a similar path in the coming decades. While the cause of type 2 diabetes is multifactorial, it is considered to be an acquired condition related to environmental contributors including poor diet, obesity, and physical inactivity, which may be managed to alter the course or progression of the disease. Preventative or maintenance measures emphasize nutritional intervention strategies, including encouraging individuals to follow a nutrient-dense, high-fiber diet with ample whole-grains, …

Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone) Supplementation And Its Benefits In Cardiovascular Disease, Osteoporosis, And Cancer, Grant S. Buchanan, Md, Thomas Melvin, Brandon Merritt, Charles Bishop, Md, Franklin D. Shuler, Md, Phd

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Vitamin K is known to play an essential role in the coagulation cascade; however, a growing body of research has found that a subtype of this vitamin, vitamin K₂ (menaquinone) may have a beneficial effect in osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. This purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of recent literature regarding menaquinone and its role in human health. This review discusses the physiology of menaquinone, its clinical benefits in cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and cancer, and how it may interact with certain medications. The authors conclude that menaquinone supplementation has been shown to improve carboxylation …

Mechanisms Of Progranulin Action And Regulation In Genitourinary Cancers., Ryuta Tanimoto, Kuojung G Lu, Shi-Qiong Xu, Simone Buraschi, Antonino Belfiore, Renato V. Iozzo, Andrea Morrione

Department of Urology Faculty Papers

The growth factor progranulin has emerged in recent years as a critical regulator of transformation in several cancer models, including breast cancer, glioblastomas, leukemias, and hepatocellular carcinomas. Several laboratories, including ours, have also demonstrated an important role of progranulin in several genitourinary cancers, including ovarian, endometrial, cervical, prostate, and bladder tumors, where progranulin acts as an autocrine growth factor thereby modulating motility and invasion of transformed cells. In this review, we will focus on the mechanisms of action and regulation of progranulin signaling in genitourinary cancers with a special emphasis on prostate and bladder tumors.

Pilot Study Of A Web-Delivered Multicomponent Intervention For Rural Teens With Poorly Controlled Type 1 Diabetes, Amy H. Lansing, Catherine Stanger, Alan Budney, Ann S. Christiano, Samuel Casella

Dartmouth Scholarship

Objective. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a web-delivered multicomponent behavioral and family-based intervention targeting self-regulation and self-monitoring of blood glucose levels (SMBG) and glycemic control (HbA1c) in teens with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) living in rural US. Methods. 15 teens with poorly controlled T1DM participated in a 25-week web-delivered intervention with two phases, active treatment (weekly treatment sessions and working memory training program) and maintenance treatment (fading of treatment sessions). Results. Almost all (13 of 15) participants completed at least 14 of 15 treatment sessions and at least 20 of 25 working …

Bilateral Adrenal Hemorrhage In A Patient With Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Silpa Yalamanchili, Md

The Medicine Forum

INTRODUCTION

Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage is relatively uncommon, with a reported incidence in the United States of 0.3-1.8% in hospital post-mortems1.Clinical manifestations of adrenal hemorrhage are widely variable, making diagnosis a challenge. Left undiagnosed and untreated, bilateral adrenal hemorrhage may lead to cardiovascular collapse and/or death. Here we present a rare case of bilateral adrenal hemorrhage in a patient with antiphospholipid syndrome; the aim of this case, and the corresponding literature review, is to highlight risk factors for and management of this condition.

Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis And Ventricular Arrhythmias: Case Report And Review Of The Literature, Ashish Shah, Md

The Medicine Forum

INTRODUCTION

Amiodarone is a common drug used to treat arrhythmias and its side effects are diverse. An important adverse effect is amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT), which can potentially lead to a pro-arrythmogenic state. There have been limited studies on the pathogenesis of how thyrotoxicosis increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmias, which causes providers to face a therapeutic challenge in patients who require this medication for the prevention of life threatening arrhythmias. This case report will present a patient with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) who had recurrent ventricular arrhythmias on chronic amiodarone therapy in the setting of AIT.

Evaluation Of The Effects Of Passion Fruit Peel Flour (Passiflora Edulis Fo. Flavicarpa) On Metabolic Changes In Hiv Patients With Lipodystrophy Syndrome Secondary To Antiretroviral Therapy, Simone Marques, Rosana Libonati, Armando Sabaa-Srur, Rensheng Luo, Pushkar Shejwalkar, Kenji Hara, Thomas Dobbs, Robert Smith, Robert Smith

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Antenatal Glucocorticoid Treatment Is Associated With Diurnal Cortisol Regulation In Term-Born Children, M. N. Edelmann, Curt A. Sandman, Laura M. Glynn, D. A. Wing, Elyssia Poggi Davis

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Due to the rapid developmental changes that occur during the fetal period, prenatal influences can affect the developing central nervous system with lifelong consequences for physical and mental health. Glucocorticoids are one of the proposed mechanisms by which fetal programing occurs. Glucocorticoids pass through the blood-brain barrier and target receptors throughout the central nervous system. Unlike endogenous glucocorticoids, synthetic glucocorticoids readily pass through the placental barrier to reach the developing fetus. The synthetic glucocorticoid, betamethasone, is routinely given prenatally to mothers at risk for preterm delivery. Over 25% of the fetuses exposed to betamethasone will be born at term. Few …

An N Of One: My Review Of Management Of Type 1 Diabetes, Myself As Patient, Jarred Daugherty

BU Well

As technology has advanced, so has the management of diabetes. Insulin, the essential medication for type 1 diabetes, is marketed in an array of formulations and devices. Continuous glucose monitors (CGM) can be inserted to measure blood glucose every 5 minutes. The rise of social media has given diabetics online support groups, where they can share their story and learn from others overcoming similar challenges. So, how well do the current diabetes management strategies work? My name Is Jarred and I’m a type 1 diabetic. I have tried many of these products and this article is a review of my …

Vitamin D Supplementation: Preventing Fractures, Courtney L. Carn, Michael S. Doherty

Physician Assistant Capstones, 2016 to 2019

Objective: To assess the ability of vitamin D supplementation in preventing musculoskeletal fractures. Methods: Systematic literature review using Google Scholar search terms “vitamin D supplementation” and “preventing hip fractures” from 2006-2015. Only RCTs, meta-analysis, and clinical guidelines were included. Results: Our search resulted in one meta-analysis and two randomized controlled trials. Conclusion: The summation of our investigation into vitamin D deficiency and the presence of musculoskeletal fractures has proven to be relatively inconclusive. The resulting data from our three studies did not provide any definitive proof that improved vitamin D levels correlates with better bone health.

Want To Lose Weight? Commercial Weight Loss Programs Vs. Primary Care, Jessica Jacobson, Katherine Chui

Physician Assistant Capstones, 2016 to 2019

Context Overweight and obesity rates are on a continuous incline in the United States leading to increased rates of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and death. Much of the healthcare costs are going into treating this disease; therefore, it is vital to find effective weight loss treatments in both the primary care and community settings to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity and subsequent healthcare costs.

Objective To assess whether primary care-based therapy or commercial weight loss programs help overweight and obese patients lose 5% of their weight from baseline.

Design, Setting and Participants A systematic review of four randomized control …

The Effects Of Pulmonary Hypertension In Diabetic Zucker Rats On Pulmonary Vascular Contraction And Right Ventricular Size, Michael Franzetti

Biological Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses

Pulmonary hypertension is a life-threatening disease that is identified by a resting mean pulmonary arterial pressure over 25 mmHg and established by right heart catheterization (Saglam et al., 2015). The symptoms commonly associated with pulmonary hypertension include fatigue, dyspnea, syncope, and chest pain, which severely limit quality of life in diagnosed patients (Saglam et al., 2015). According to recent studies in patients with pulmonary hypertension, the one, three and five year mortality rates are 8%, 25%, and 34%, respectively (Burudpakdee, Shah, Joish, Divers, & Yaldo, 2014). Although some advances have been made in therapies for pulmonary hypertension, the prognosis is …