Medical Specialties Commons^™

Haploinsufficiency Of Cyp8b1 Associates With Increased Insulin Sensitivity In Humans, Shiqi Zhong, Raphael Chèvre, David Castaño Mayan, Maria Corlianò, Blake J Cochran, Kai Ping Sem, Theo H Van Dijk, Jianhe Peng, Liang Juin Tan, Siddesh V Hartimath, Boominathan Ramasamy, Peter Cheng, Albert K Groen, Folkert Kuipers, Julian L Goggi, Chester Drum, Rob M Van Dam, Ru San Tan, Kerry-Anne Rye, Michael R Hayden, Ching-Yu Cheng, Shaji Chacko, Jason Flannick, Xueling Sim, Hong Chang Tan, Roshni R Singaraja

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

BACKGROUND

Cytochrome P450 family 8 subfamily B member 1 (CYP8B1) generates 12α-hydroxylated bile acids (BAs) that are associated with insulin resistance in humans.

METHODS

To determine whether reduced CYP8B1 activity improves insulin sensitivity, we sequenced CYP8B1 in individuals without diabetes and identified carriers of complete loss-of-function (CLOF) mutations utilizing functional assays.

RESULTS

Mutation carriers had lower plasma 12α-hydroxylated/non–12α-hydroxylated BA and cholic acid (CA)/chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) ratios compared with age-, sex-, and BMI-matched controls. During insulin clamps, hepatic glucose production was suppressed to a similar magnitude by insulin, but glucose infusion rates to maintain euglycemia were higher in mutation carriers, indicating …

Assessing Urinary Phenol And Paraben Mixtures In Pregnant Women With And Without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study, Wei-Jen Chen, Candace Robledo, Erin M Davis, Jean R Goodman, Chao Xu, Jooyeon Hwang, Amanda E Janitz, Tabitha Garwe, Antonia M Calafat, Jennifer D Peck

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Prior studies have identified the associations between environmental phenol and paraben exposures and increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but no study addressed these exposures as mixtures. As methods have emerged to better assess exposures to multiple chemicals, our study aimed to apply Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to evaluate the association between phenol and paraben mixtures and GDM. This study included 64 GDM cases and 237 obstetric patient controls from the University of Oklahoma Medical Center. Mid-pregnancy spot urine samples were collected to quantify concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA), benzophenone-3, triclosan, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,5-dichlorophenol, butylparaben, methylparaben, and propylparaben. Multivariable …

A Subpopulation Of Oxytocin Neurons Initiate Expression Of Crf Receptor 1 (Crfr1) In Females Post Parturition, Lierni Ugartemendia, Rose M De Guzman, Jing Cai, Shivakumar Rajamanickam, Zhiying Jiang, Jonathan Tao, Damian G Zuloaga, Nicholas J Justice

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Oxytocin (OT) is essential for successful reproduction, particularly during parturition and lactation. During the postpartum period, OT also influences maternal behavior to promote bonding between mothers and their newborns, and increases stress resilience. However, the mechanism by which stress influences OT neuron activity and OT release has remained unclear. Here, we provide evidence that a subpopulation of OT neurons initiate expression of the receptor for the stress neuropeptide Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF), CRFR1, in reproductive females. OT neuron expression of CRFR1 begins at the first parturition and increases during the postpartum period until weaning. The percentage of OT neurons that …

Risk Factors For The Development Of Retinopathy In Prediabetes And Type 2 Diabetes: The Diabetes Prevention Program Experience, Neil H White, Qing Pan, William C Knowler, Emily B Schroeder, Dana Dabelea, Emily Y Chew, Barbara Blodi, Ronald B Goldberg, Xavier Pi-Sunyer, Christine Darwin, Mathias Schlögl, David M Nathan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: To determine glycemic and nonglycemic risk factors that contribute to the presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) before and after the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: During the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and DPP Outcome Study (DPPOS), we performed fundus photography over time in adults at high risk for developing T2D, including after they developed diabetes. Fundus photographs were graded using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grading system, with DR defined as typical lesions of DR (microaneurysms, exudates, hemorrhage, or worse) in either eye.

RESULTS: By DPPOS year 16 (∼20 years after random …

Molecular Mechanisms Of Resistance To Kinase Inhibitors And Redifferentiation In Thyroid Cancers, Marie-Claude Hofmann, Muthusamy Kunnimalaiyaan, Jennifer R Wang, Naifa L Busaidy, Steven I Sherman, Stephen Y Lai, Mark Zafereo, Maria E Cabanillas

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Protein kinases play critical roles in cell survival, proliferation and motility. Their dysregulation is therefore a common feature in the pathogenesis of a number of solid tumors, including thyroid cancers. Inhibiting activated protein kinases has revolutionized thyroid cancer therapy, offering a promising strategy in treating tumors refractory to radioactive iodine treatment or cytotoxic chemotherapies. However, despite satisfactory early responses, these drugs are not curative and most patients inevitably progress due to drug resistance. This review summarizes up-to-date knowledge on various mechanisms that thyroid cancer cells develop to bypass protein kinase inhibition and outlines strategies that are being explored to overcome …

The Roles Of Sleep And Eating Patterns In Adiposity Gain Among Preschool-Aged Children, Amy R Goetz, Ishita Jindal, Jennette P Moreno, Maurice R Puyau, Anne L Adolph, Salma Musaad, Nancy F Butte, Fida Bacha

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Short sleep durations are related to risks for obesity in preschool children. However, the underlying mechanism or mechanisms are not clear.

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the relationships between sleep characteristics and body composition, energetics, and weight-regulating behaviors in preschool-aged children, as well as the longitudinal associations between children's sleep and eating patterns and body composition at a 1-year follow-up.

METHODS: Data were drawn from a longitudinal study of 118 children aged 3-5 years. Sleep (duration, midpoint, regularity) and physical activity (PA) were measured by accelerometry over 6 consecutive days; total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured using the doubly labeled water …

Optimal Cardiometabolic Health And Risk Of Heart Failure In Type 2 Diabetes: An Analysis From The Look Ahead Trial, Kershaw V Patel, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Matthew W Segar, Judy L Bahnson, Katelyn R Garcia, Jeanne M Clark, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Alain G Bertoni, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Michael E Farkouh, James L Januzzi, Subodh Verma, Mark Espeland, Ambarish Pandey

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Aims: To evaluate the contribution of baseline and longitudinal changes in cardiometabolic health (CMH) towards heart failure (HF) risk among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods and results: Participants of the Look AHEAD trial with T2D and without prevalent HF were included. Adjusted Cox models were used to create a CMH score incorporating target levels of parameters weighted based on relative risk for HF. The associations of baseline and changes in the CMH score with risk of overall HF, HF with preserved (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) were assessed using Cox models. Among the 5080 participants, 257 incident …

Aging-Associated Regγ Proteasome Decline Predisposes To Tauopathy, Jialu Tu, Haiyang Zhang, Ting Yang, Yun Liu, Solomon Kibreab, Yunpeng Zhang, Liangcai Gao, Robb E Moses, Bert W O'Malley, Jianru Xiao, Xiaotao Li

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The REGγ-20S proteasome is an ubiquitin- and ATP-independent degradation system, targeting selective substrates, possibly helping to regulate aging. The studies we report here demonstrate that aging-associated REGγ decline predisposes to decreasing tau turnover, as in a tauopathy. The REGγ proteasome promotes degradation of human and mouse tau, notably phosphorylated tau and toxic tau oligomers that shuttle between the cytoplasm and nuclei. REGγ-mediated proteasomal degradation of tau was validated in 3- to 12-month-old REGγ KO mice, REGγ KO;PS19 mice, and PS19 mice with forebrain conditional neuron-specific overexpression of REGγ (REGγ OE) and behavioral abnormalities. Coupled with tau accumulation, we found …

Clinical Characteristics And Associated Factors Of Colonic Polyps In Acromegaly, Guiliang Peng, Xing Li, Yuanyuan Zhou, Jianying Bai, Pian Hong, Weixing Li, Yuling Zhang, Lei Zhang, Qian Liao, Mingyu Liao, Ling Zhou, Zheng Sun, Rufei Shen, Hongting Zheng, Min Long

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical characteristics and associated factors of colonic polyps in patients with acromegaly.

METHODS: Clinical characteristics and colonoscopy findings of 86 acromegaly patients who received treatment were retrospectively reviewed, and colonoscopy findings and the correlation with growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma (GHPA) volume and hormonal/metabolic levels were analyzed.

RESULTS: The prevalence of colonic polyps in acromegaly patients was 40.7% and increased significantly with advanced age, especially in those ≥50 years. Multiple polyps (62.8%) and colonic polyps in the left colon (54.2%) were detected more frequently. Compared to acromegaly patients without polyps, those with polyps displayed higher insulin-like …

Anti-Müllerian Hormone Concentration Is Associated With Central Adiposity And Reproductive Hormones In Expectant Fathers, Narelle C. Hadlow, Suzanne J. Brown, Ee Mun Lim, David Prentice, Simone Pettigrew, Sophie L. Cronin, Susan L. Prescott, Desiree Silva, Bu B. Yeap

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objective:

The role of the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) as an indicator of physical and reproductive health in men is unclear. We assessed the relationships between AMH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and metabolic parameters, in a cohort of expectant fathers.

Design:

ORIGINS Project prospective cohort study. Setting: Community-dwelling men.

Participants:

Partners of pregnant women attending antenatal appointments.

Main Outcome Measures:

Serum AMH, FSH, LH, testosterone, and metabolic parameters. Results: In 485 expectant fathers, median age 33 years, median AMH was 40 pmol/L (quartiles 29, 56). AMH was inversely correlated with FSH, age, and body mass index (BMI) …

Butyrate-Producing Bacteria And Insulin Homeostasis: The Microbiome And Insulin Longitudinal Evaluation Study (Miles), Jinrui Cui, Gautam Ramesh, Martin Wu, Elizabeth T Jensen, Osa Crago, Alain G Bertoni, Chunxu Gao, Kristi L Hoffman, Patricia A Sheridan, Kari E Wong, Alexis C Wood, Yii-Der I Chen, Jerome I Rotter, Joseph F Petrosino, Stephen S Rich, Mark O Goodarzi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Gut microbiome studies have documented depletion of butyrate-producing taxa in type 2 diabetes. We analyzed associations between butyrate-producing taxa and detailed measures of insulin homeostasis, whose dysfunction underlies diabetes in 224 non-Hispanic Whites and 129 African Americans, all of whom completed an oral glucose tolerance test. Stool microbiome was assessed by whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing with taxonomic profiling. We examined associations among 36 butyrate-producing taxa (n = 7 genera and 29 species) and insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, disposition index, insulin clearance, and prevalence of dysglycemia (prediabetes plus diabetes, 46% of cohort), adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and race. The genus Coprococcus …

Re-Examining The Widespread Policy Of Stopping Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors During Acute Illness: A Perspective Based On The Updated Evidence, Kamlesh Khunti, Vanita R Aroda, Deepak L Bhatt, Biykem Bozkurt, John B Buse, Hiddo L Heerspink, Silvio E Inzucchi, Carolyn S P Lam, Nikolaus Marx, John J V Mcmurray, Scott D Solomon, Mikhail N Kosiborod

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are now seen as an integral part of therapy in type 2 diabetes to control not only blood glucose but to improve cardiovascular and kidney outcomes. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an uncommon but serious complication of type 2 diabetes, which has a high case fatality rate. The absolute risk of DKA in large, prospective randomized clinical trials in people with type 2 diabetes using SGLT2 inhibitors has been low, although the relative risk is higher in those assigned to SGLT2 inhibitors compared with placebo. In those without diabetes but prescribed SGLT2 inhibitors for heart failure or …

Predicting The Disease Severity In Male Individuals With Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency, Svenja Scharre, Roland Posset, Sven F Garbade, Florian Gleich, Marie J Seidl, Ann-Catrin Druck, Jürgen G Okun, Andrea L Gropman, Sandesh C S Nagamani, Georg F Hoffmann, Stefan Kölker, Matthias Zielonka, Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium (Ucdc) And The European Registry And Network For Intoxication Type Metabolic Diseases (E-Imd) Consortia Study Group

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTC-D) is an X-linked metabolic disease and the most common urea cycle disorder. Due to high phenotypic heterogeneity, ranging from lethal neonatal hyperammonemic events to moderate symptoms and even asymptomatic individuals, the prediction of the disease course at an early disease stage is very important to individually adjust therapies such as medical treatment or liver transplantation. In this translational study, we developed a severity-adjusted classification system based on in vitro residual enzymatic OTC activity.

Methods: Applying a cell-based expression system, residual enzymatic OTC activities of 71 pathogenic OTC variants were spectrophotometrically determined and subsequently correlated with …

Desmoglein-2 Is Important For Islet Function And Β-Cell Survival, Kay K. Myo Min, Darling Rojas-Canales, Daniella Penko, Mark Denichilo, Michaelia P. Cockshell, Charlie B. Ffrench, Emma J. Thompson, Olof Asplund, Christopher J. Drogemuller, Rashmi B. Prasad, Leif Groop, Shane T Grey, Helen E. Thomas, Thomas Loudovaris, Thomas W. Kay, My G. Mahoney, Claire F. Jessup, P. Toby Coates, Claudine S. Bonder

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers

Type 1 diabetes is a complex disease characterized by the lack of endogenous insulin secreted from the pancreatic β-cells. Although β-cell targeted autoimmune processes and β-cell dysfunction are known to occur in type 1 diabetes, a complete understanding of the cell-to-cell interactions that support pancreatic function is still lacking. To characterize the pancreatic endocrine compartment, we studied pancreata from healthy adult donors and investigated a single cell surface adhesion molecule, desmoglein-2 (DSG2). Genetically-modified mice lacking Dsg2 were examined for islet cell mass, insulin production, responses to glucose, susceptibility to a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of hyperglycaemia, and ability to cure diabetes …

Accounting For The Clustering And Nesting Effects Verifies Most Conclusions Corrected Analysis Of: “Randomized Nutrient Bar Supplementation Improves Exercise-Associated Changes In Plasma Metabolome In Adolescents And Adult Family Members At Cardiometabolic Risk”, Yasaman Jamshidi-Naeini, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Colby J Vorland, Andrew W Brown, Stephanie Dickinson, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

In a published randomized controlled trial, household units were randomized to a nutrient bar supplementation group or a control condition, but the non-independence of observations within the same household (i.e., the clustering effect) was not accounted for in the statistical analyses. Therefore, we reanalyzed the data appropriately by adjusting degrees of freedom using the between-within method, and accounting for household units using linear mixed effect models with random intercepts for family units and subjects nested within family units for each reported outcome. Results from this reanalysis showed that ignoring the clustering and nesting effects in the original analyses had resulted …

Modern Therapeutic Options In Diabetic Foot Ulcer, Denisa Tanasescu, Andrei Moisin, Radu Fleaca, Carmen Popa, Ciprian Bacila, Cosmin Mohor, Claudia Diana Gherman, Bogdan Gaspar, Ciprian Tanasescu

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Diabetic foot is a severe complication of diabetes that occurs as a result of poor glycemic control, being associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Mortality associated with this disease is estimated at 5% in the first 12 months, and about 42% in the next 5 years. On average, it affects about 15% of people with diabetes during their lifetime, including as possible manifestations neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, and subsequent ulceration which, if treated incorrectly, can lead to amputation.

This paper presents a retrospective and descriptive study of patients diagnosed and treated for diabetic foot ulcers in the Proctoven Clinic. The …

Eating Disorders In Men: A Comprehensive Summary, Connor James Spratt, Liam Alexander Mackenzie Myles, Emanuele Maria Merlo

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Eating disorders (EDs) have detrimental effects on an individual’s physical and mental health, along with significant interpersonal, social and economic effects. Furthermore, men who are suffering with an ED face unique challenges with this. Men suffering with EDs have historically received little attention within ED research, diagnosis and intervention. However, the number of men suffering with these issues is significant and growing. Understanding of EDs tend to ignore male experiences, meaning many are left to suffer in silence until the ED has developed to a critical point. However, many now recognize the need to understand the issues facing men suffering …

Prevalence Of Prediabetes And Diabetes Vary By Ethnicity Among Us Asian Adults At Healthy Weight, Overweight, And Obesity Ranges: An Electronic Health Record Study, William S Vicks, Joan C Lo, Lynn Guo, Jamal S Rana, Sherry Zhang, Nirmala D Ramalingam, Nancy P Gordon

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Asian adults develop Type 2 diabetes at a lower body mass index (BMI) compared to other racial/ethnic groups. We examined the variation in prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes among Asian ethnic groups within weight strata by comparing middle-aged Chinese, Filipino, South Asian, and White adults receiving care in the same integrated healthcare delivery system.

METHODS: Our retrospective cross-sectional U.S. study examined data from 283,110 (non-Hispanic) White, 33,263 Chinese, 38,766 Filipino, and 17,959 South Asian adults aged 45-64 years who were members of a Northern California health plan in 2016 and had measured height and weight. Prediabetes and diabetes were …

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Is Not Associated With Glycemic Control In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Metformin: A Post-Hoc Analysis Of Aim Study, Fei Gao, Cheng Li, Yufei Wang, Jingyi Lu, Wei Lu, Jian Zhou, Jun Yin, Xiaojing Ma

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) was newly discovered to be a promising target of metformin. The study was aimed to investigate the relationship between GDF15 and glycemic control after metformin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

METHODS: The study was a post-hoc analysis of AIM (the effect of Acarbose on glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using premixed Insulin compared to Metformin) study. The participants were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of metformin (MET) or acarbose (ACA) treatment combined with insulin. Serum GDF15 levels of 51 subjects from MET group and 53 subjects from …

The Family Level Assessment Of Screen Use-Mobile Approach: Development Of An Approach To Measure Children's Mobile Device Use, Oriana Perez, Anil Kumar Vadathya, Alicia Beltran, R Matthew Barnett, Olivia Hindera, Tatyana Garza, Salma M Musaad, Tom Baranowski, Sheryl O Hughes, Jason A Mendoza, Ashutosh Sabharwal, Ashok Veeraraghavan, Teresia M O'Connor

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: There is a strong association between increased mobile device use and worse dietary habits, worse sleep outcomes, and poor academic performance in children. Self-report or parent-proxy report of children's screen time has been the most common method of measuring screen time, which may be imprecise or biased.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of measuring the screen time of children on mobile devices using the Family Level Assessment of Screen Use (FLASH)-mobile approach, an innovative method that leverages the existing features of the Android platform.

Methods: This pilot study consisted of 2 laboratory-based observational …

Cgas-Sting Activation Contributes To Podocyte Injury In Diabetic Kidney Disease, Nan Zang, Chen Cui, Xinghong Guo, Jia Song, Huiqing Hu, Mengmeng Yang, Mingyue Xu, Lingshu Wang, Xinguo Hou, Qin He, Zheng Sun, Chuan Wang, Li Chen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal diseases. DKD does not have efficacious treatment. The cGAS-STING pathway is activated in podocytes at the early stage of kidney dysfunction, which is associated with the activation of STING downstream effectors TBK1 and NF-κB but not IRF3. Lipotoxicity induces mitochondrial damage and mtDNA leakage to the cytosol through Bcl-2 associated X protein (BAX) in podocytes. BAX-mediated mtDNA cytosolic leakage can activate the cGAS-STING pathway in the absence of lipotoxicity and is sufficient to cause podocyte injury. Depletion of cytosolic mtDNA, genetic STING knockdown, or pharmacological inhibition of STING or …

Sensitive Image-Based Chromatin Binding Assays Using Inducible Erα To Rapidly Characterize Estrogenic Chemicals And Mixtures, Adam T Szafran, Maureen G Mancini, Fabio Stossi, Michael A Mancini

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been pursuing new high throughput in vitro assays to characterize endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that interact with estrogen receptor signaling. We characterize two new PRL-HeLa cell models expressing either inducible C-terminal (iGFP-ER) or N-terminal (iER-GFP) tagged estrogen receptor-α (ERα) that allows direct visualization of chromatin binding. These models are an order of magnitude more sensitive, detecting 87 - 93% of very weak estrogens tested compared to only 27% by a previous PRL-HeLa variant and compares favorably to the 73% detected by an EPA-developed computational model using in vitro data. Importantly, the chromatin …

Diabetes-Related Worries And Coping Among Youth And Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes, Lindsay Taraban, Rachel Wasserman, Viena T Cao, Sahar S Eshtehardi, Barbara J Anderson, Debbe Thompson, David G Marrero, Marisa E Hilliard

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objective: Although mood and anxiety symptoms are common in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D), little research has described their worries across developmental stages or the strategies they use to cope with these worries. This secondary data analysis aimed to describe and characterize common T1D-related worries and coping strategies from middle childhood through young adulthood.

Methods: Twenty-three youth (9 children, 7 adolescents, and 7 young adults) completed semistructured qualitative interviews about health-related quality of life. We coded interview transcripts using thematic analysis to generate common themes of diabetes-related worries and coping strategies.

Results: Participants' worries fell into four major themes: …

Physicians’ Considerations And Practice Recommendations Regarding The Use Of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors, Serge A. Jabbour, Nasrien E. Ibrahim, Christos P. Argyropoulos

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Faculty Papers

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) (canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and ertugliflozin), although initially developed as glucose-lowering drugs, provide significant beneficial effects on cardiorenal outcomes, including heart failure, regardless of type 2 diabetes status. Integration of SGLT-2is into clinical practice requires practical guidance for physicians about their use. To overcome physicians’ clinical inertia for SGLT-2i use, including addressing safety, potentially a barrier to their use, a roundtable discussion with physicians from three specialties (cardiology, endocrinology, and nephrology) was conducted. This review summarizes the physicians’ clinical experience and recommendations about SGLT-2i use across different patient populations, taking into consideration the beneficial effects of SGLT-2is …

Chronic Stress May Disrupt Covariant Fluctuations Of Vitamin D And Cortisol Plasma Levels And Placentome Formation In Pregnant Sheep During The Last Trimester: A Methodological Approach And Preliminary Report, Colin Wakefield

Tower Health Research Day

No abstract provided.

Sk3 In Pomc Neurons Plays A Sexually Dimorphic Role In Energy And Glucose Homeostasis, Meng Yu, Jonathan C Bean, Hailan Liu, Yang He, Yongjie Yang, Xing Cai, Kaifan Yu, Zhou Pei, Hesong Liu, Longlong Tu, Kristine M Conde, Mengjie Wang, Yongxiang Li, Na Yin, Nan Zhang, Junying Han, Nikolas A Scarcelli, Pingwen Xu, Yanlin He, Yong Xu, Chunmei Wang

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons play a sexually dimorphic role in body weight and glucose balance. However, the mechanisms for the sex differences in POMC neuron functions are not fully understood.

Results: We detected small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) current in POMC neurons. Secondary analysis of published single-cell RNA-Seq data showed that POMC neurons abundantly express SK3, one SK channel subunit. To test whether SK3 in POMC neurons regulates POMC neuron functions on energy and glucose homeostasis, we used a Cre-loxP strategy to delete SK3 specifically from mature POMC neurons. POMC-specific deletion of SK3 did not affect body weight in either …

Biogenesis And Regulatory Roles Of Circular Rnas, Li Yang, Jeremy E Wilusz, Ling-Ling Chen

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Covalently closed, single-stranded circular RNAs can be produced from viral RNA genomes as well as from the processing of cellular housekeeping noncoding RNAs and precursor messenger RNAs. Recent transcriptomic studies have surprisingly uncovered that many protein-coding genes can be subjected to backsplicing, leading to widespread expression of a specific type of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in eukaryotic cells. Here, we discuss experimental strategies used to discover and characterize diverse circRNAs at both the genome and individual gene scales. We further highlight the current understanding of how circRNAs are generated and how the mature transcripts function. Some circRNAs act as noncoding RNAs …

The Effects Of Exercise Training On Glucose Homeostasis And Muscle Metabolism In Type 1 Diabetic Female Mice, Caitlin O'Neill, Erica J. Locke, Darren A. Sipf, Jack Thompson, Erin Drebushenko, Nate Berger, Brooke Segich, Stephen C. Kolwicz Jr.

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Although exercise training is an important recommendation for the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D), most of the available research studies predominantly focus on male subjects. Given the importance of sex as a biological variable, additional studies are required to improve the knowledge gap regarding sex differences in T1D research. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the role of exercise training in mediating changes in glucose homeostasis and skeletal muscle metabolism in T1D female mice. Female mice were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce T1D. Two weeks after STZ injection, control (CON) and STZ mice were exercise …

Racial And Ethnic Differences In The Association Of Low-Carbohydrate Diet With Mortality In The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, Seung-Won Oh, Alexis C Wood, Seung-Sik Hwang, Matthew Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Importance: Evidence linking low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) to mortality is limited among multiethnic populations.

Objective: To evaluate the association between LCDs and mortality by race and ethnicity.

Design, setting, and participants: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis is a large, population-based prospective cohort study of adults aged 45 to 84 years recruited from 6 US communities. A total of 6109 participants without baseline cardiovascular disease were included in this analysis. Baseline data were collected from July 2000 to August 2002, with follow-up completed by December 2017. The data were analyzed between May 2021 and April 2022.

Exposures: Food frequency questionnaires were used …

Alterations In The Metabolic Comorbidities Of Youth With Overweight And Obesity During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Safa Farrukh, Erica Wee, Ashley Sherman, Yun Yan

Posters

Background: Childhood obesity rates have continued to increase with the COVID-19 pandemic. However, data are limited on the impact of increasing obesity on associated comorbidities. Methods: We evaluated the progression of overweight- or obesity-associated comorbidities by investigating change in laboratory results pre–COVID-19 pandemic and post–COVID-19 pandemic onset in youth with overweight or obesity. Results: There was no significant BMI progression. There was progression of metabolic comorbidities. HbA1c progression and LDL progression were significantly correlated. HbA1c and LDL progression were significantly associated with older age and Hispanics respectively. Conclusion: The results indicate that despite no significant increase in BMI, youths with …