Medical Specialties Commons^™

Gene-Agnostic Therapeutic Strategies For Inherited Retinal Diseases: Neuroprotection And Immunomodulation, Lucas W. Rowe, S. Patricia Becerra, Robert E. Maclaren, Robert L. Avery, Charles C. Wykoff, Allen C. Ho, Carl D. Regillo, Dean Eliott, Andrew Osborne, Katie M. Binley, Thomas A. Ciulla

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

Background/Objectives: Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) represent a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders caused by mutations in over 280 genes with more than 3100 identified variants. While gene-specific replacement therapies have achieved landmark success with voretigene neparvovec (Luxturna) for biallelic RPE65-associated retinal dystrophy, developing individual therapies for each genetic subtype remains impractical. This review examines gene-agnostic therapeutic approaches utilizing neuroprotection and immunomodulation that target common pathophysiological mechanisms shared across multiple IRD genotypes. Methods: We reviewed the literature on neuroprotective and immunomodulatory gene therapy strategies for IRDs, focusing on neurotrophic factors and complement system modulation. Results: Neuroprotective approaches delivering neurotrophic factors—including pigment …

Atrial Fibrillation In Athletes: Mechanisms, Management, And Future Directions, Ibrahim Alameh, Ghina Al Fout, Michael D. Ezekowitz, Mohammed Kamareddine

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: High-volume endurance training may shift exercise from cardioprotective to arrhythmogenic, increasing the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in healthy athletes.

CASE SUMMARY: A 38-year-old marathon runner with a 15-year history of high-intensity endurance training presented with episodic palpitations and reduced athletic performance. Electrocardiogram showed paroxysmal AF; echocardiography revealed mild left atrial enlargement without structural heart disease. Symptoms worsened during the recovery phase after runs, suggesting vagally mediated AF. After unsuccessful flecainide therapy, he underwent pulmonary vein isolation. Twelve months later, he remained free of recurrent AF on Holter monitoring and successfully resumed endurance training following an 8-week recovery period. …

Craniofacial Differences And Safe Sleep Practices: Findings From A Caregiver Survey At A Children’S Hospital, Cait Vuturo-Brady, Aracelia S. Aldrete, Jesus Gil Inciong, Miccah Seaman, Rianna Leazer

Knowledge and Creativity Expo

Purpose

Many infants with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) have airway issues that make supine, flat-surface sleep challenging.¹ Prior studies indicate that alternative positioning may reduce obstructive events,² and early sleep-disordered breathing can affect later development.³  Despite this, caregivers of infants with craniofacial differences rarely receive tailored sleep guidance, and no evidence-based, condition-specific recommendations currently exist.^4,5

Methods

This single-site, cross-sectional study evaluated sleep practices, caregiver education, and barriers to adherence among parents of children (< 3 years) with CL/P treated at CHKD’s Craniofacial Program. Eligible caregivers (n=117) were identified via query of the electronic medical record by CHKD Data Governance and invited to complete an anonymous REDCap survey assessing demographics, sleep environment, counseling, and understanding of safe-sleep recommendations.

Results & Conclusions

Of the 11 caregivers who completed the survey, 91% reported crib sleep, though several also used beds, couches, …

The Epigenetic Effects Of Prenatal Diabetes On The Developing Vascular System- A Gsea Analysis, Daniel I. Telles Orellana

SPARK Symposium Presentations

Prenatal diabetes is a critical medical condition that extensively affects neonatal patients and their families. Numerous previous studies have suggested impairments in vascular development, size, and diversification; however, the molecular and gene regulatory mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for identifying potential therapeutic targets and improving treatment strategies. This study combined experimental zebrafish phenotypic analysis with re-analysis of publicly available RNA-seq data to investigate the effects of elevated glucose on embryonic vascular development. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to increasing glucose concentrations (1–3%) during early developmental stages. High glucose exposure showed …

Pre-Operative Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Colonization Increases The Risk Of 90-Day Medical And 2-Year Implant-Related Complications Following Primary Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Propensity-Matched Analysis, Muhammad Hamza Ilyas, Tarishi Parmar, Zina Smadi, Viraj A. Deshpande, Akin A. Adio, Joseph A. Abboud, Hafiz F. Kassam

Rothman Institute Papers

BACKGROUND: Pre-operative methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization has been associated with increased risk of post-operative infection and medical complications in lower-extremity arthroplasty; however, its impact on outcomes following total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) remains poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate the association between MRSA colonization and early medical as well as mid-term implant-related complications after primary TSA.

METHODS: The TriNetX US Research Network was queried to identify primary TSA patients. Propensity score matching (1:1) was performed using demographic characteristics and relevant comorbidities. Ninety-day medical complications, including readmission, emergency department utilization, venous thromboembolism, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, stroke, sepsis, respiratory failure, …

Limited English Proficiency, Acculturative Stress, And Quality Of Life Among Korean American Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B, Hee-Soon Juon, Gilbert C. Gee, Julia G. Katcher, Daniel Yang, Katherine Smith, Ann C. Klassen

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is one of the most widespread liver diseases in the world and disproportionately affects Asian Americans, who are further impacted by the lower quality of life imposed by the infection. Limited English proficiency (LEP) and acculturative stress play an important role in the study of patients with CHB, but the interrelationships of LEP, acculturative stress, and health outcomes are not well studied in this population. This study aims to explore how acculturative stress mediates the relationship between LEP and health outcomes among Korean American patients with CHB.

METHODS: A total of 365 CHB patients completed …

Outcomes Of Lumbar Fusion Surgery In Isthmic Versus Degenerative Spondylolisthesis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Pavlos Texakalidis, Stavros Matsoukas, Constantine L. Karras, Christopher S. Ahuja, Najib El Tecle, Tyler R. Koski, Nader S. Dahdaleh

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

Lumbar spondylolisthesis can cause a significant disability due to back and lower extremity pain. Degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) and isthmic spondylolisthesis (IS) are the two most common types. DS results from arthritic changes and degenerative disc disease, whereas IS occurs secondary to a pars interarticularis defect. This study compared surgical outcomes between IS and DS. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Twenty studies comprising 3136 patients were included (DS: 1944; IS: 1192). No differences were identified in terms of estimated blood loss (mean difference [MD]: 5.79, 95% …

Recurrent Pubic Osteomyelitis And Urosymphyseal Fistula In A Prostate Cancer Survivor: A Multidisciplinary Management Challenge, Peng Jhen Wu, Navin Sampathkumar, Tanmay Singh, Sonal Gandhi

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

A 67-year-old male with a history of prostate cancer, treated with prostatectomy and subsequent radiation for recurrence, presented with a complex clinical course of recurrent osteomyelitis and a persistent urosymphyseal fistula with associated phlegmon. Following stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for a T4 vertebral lesion, he developed pelvic osteomyelitis, from which Kocuria species was cultured. The progression of his disease led to a urosymphyseal fistula, necessitating a cystectomy with ileal conduit and pubic bone debridement. Despite this extensive surgical intervention, he presented one year later with recurrent ileal conduit phlegmon and osteomyelitis. This case highlights the significant diagnostic and management …

Infectious Aortitis Secondary To Gastrointestinal Pathogens: A Case Series And Syndromic Review, Natasa Kostic, Ilana Goldberg, Devin Weber

Division of Internal Medicine Faculty Papers & Presentations

Aortitis is a rare but serious complication of infection that results in high morbidity and mortality. The most common location is in preexisting aneurysmal disease in a patient with multiple chronic comorbidities. The pathogens often reflect gastrointestinal bacteria, the classic example being Salmonella spp., but also include other enteric flora, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., and more. Herein, we describe 2 cases of aortitis caused by gastrointestinal bacteria and review management of this complex syndrome.

Defining A Multi-Omic, Ai-Enabled Stool Screening Paradigm For Colorectal Cancer: A Consensus Framework For Clinical Translation, Arturo Loaiza-Bonilla, Yan Leyfman, Viviana Cortiana, Rhys Crawford, Shivani Modi

Einstein Health Papers

Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops through both conventional adenoma-carcinoma and serrated neoplasia pathways, yet noninvasive screening still under-detects the advanced precursor lesions that enable true cancer prevention. Stool-based screening reduces CRC mortality, but its preventive impact remains constrained by limited detection of advanced precancerous lesions (APLs), including advanced adenomas and sessile serrated lesions. Next-generation multitarget stool DNA assays (mt-sDNA; e.g., Cologuard Plus) have established high sensitivity for CRC and specificity approaching 94%, leaving improved APL detection as the principal opportunity for innovation. This review presents a consensus framework for a multi-omic stool screening paradigm that integrates host epigenetic markers (DNA methylation) …

The Association Of P27 With Prostate Cancer Outcomes: A Secondary Analysis Of Nrg/Rtog 8610 And 9202, Krishnan Patel, Stephanie Pugh, Jeffry Simko, Anthony Zietman, Michelangelo Fiorentino, David Paul D'Souza, Seth Rosenthal, Adam Currey, Adam Dicker, Bradley Stish, Eric Horwitz, Tyler Robin, Michael Dominello, Christopher Peters, Kwang Choi, Jason Efstathiou, Samir Narayan, George Daniel Grass, Zaker Rana, Phuoc Tran, Massimo Loda, Paul Nguyen

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 is a well-profiled modulator of cell cycle progression. Low nuclear p27 levels have been demonstrated to have a negative prognostic impact on outcomes in patients undergoing prostatectomy. The prognostic value of p27 after radiation therapy (RT) for prostate cancer is unknown.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Levels of p27 were evaluated in pre-RT prostate biopsy samples from 2 randomized, phase 3 trials, NRG/RTOG 8610 and 9202, which treated patients with RT with or without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Nuclear p27 was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and quantified using automated imaging analysis. The association of p27 as both …

Endometriosis Knowledge Among Emergency Medicine Providers: Diagnostic Skills And Symptom Recognition, Caidon Iwuagwu, Laurel X. Chen, Ellen Slattery, Pranjal Srivastava, Hamsitha Karra, Sheyenne Tung, Adrienne Burton, Camila Bomtempo, Jamie Aranda

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

Objective: Endometriosis is associated with significant diagnostic delays, averaging 6.7 years, largely due to nonspecific symptoms and inadequate diagnostic approaches. Over 15,000 emergency department (ED) visits in the United States annually involve patients with endometriosis, highlighting the need for knowledge of endometriosis. This study surveys emergency medicine (EM) attendings, residents, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and fellows to assess knowledge and practice in managing endometriosis-related ED complaints. Methods: A questionnaire from a prior endometriosis survey was modified for EM providers and administered anonymously via email (Qualtrics, Provo, UT) in monthly newsletters to providers at an academic and six associated community EDs. …

Infectious Retinitis Associated With Jak Inhibitors: The Ongoing Duality Of Jak Inhibitors, Jose S. Pulido, Fukutaro Mano, Marcello Casella, Susumu Ishida

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

PURPOSE: To discuss the recent evidence that Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors can cause viral retinitis.

METHODS: A commentary on the case report in this issue and a review of cases in the literature.

RESULTS: A total of 6 cases have now been reported of cytomegalovirus retinitis associated with Jak inhibitors. Additionally, there was a case of bilateral toxoplasma retinitis and a case of herpetic scleritis.

DISCUSSION: It is important to be aware of the potential blinding complications associated with JAK inhibitors and if the patient complains of acute vision loss and/or floaters, the patient should be emergently referred to a …

Epigenetic Activation Of Ebv Bglf4 Determines Antiviral-Based Regimen Response In Ebv+Cns Lymphoproliferative Disease, Christoph Weigel, Haley Klimaszewski, Fode Tounkara, Selamawit Addissie, Sarah Schlotter, Betsy Pray, James Dugan, Bradley Haverkos, Lynda Villagomez, Mark Lustberg, Pierluigi Porcu, Timothy Voorhees, Richard Ambinder, Shannon Kenney, Joyce Fingeroth, Henri-Jacques Delecluse, Michael Caligiuri, Lapo Alinari, Ginny Bumgardner, Christopher Oakes, Robert Baiocchi

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–associated primary central nervous system lymphoproliferative diseases (EBV+PCNSL) are aggressive conditions with poor prognoses. We previously reported durable responses in patients with PCNSL who were treated with the antivirals ganciclovir and azidothymidine, plus rituximab and dexamethasone (GARD). Responses were associated with the detection of the lytic viral protein kinases, BGLF4 and BXLF1. These antiviral activating kinases are associated with lytic EBV, however, the mechanism for expression in latently infected EBV+CNSL is unknown. Expanding on previous work, we provide long-term clinical outcome data (N = 24) and show that RNA expression analysis in CNSL tissue biopsies (n = 12) …

Editorial: Clinical Imaging, Neurophysiological, Neuropathology And Neuroethics Studies On Disorders Of Consciousness, Coma Mechanisms, And Theories Of Consciousness: A Unifying Attempt, Diego Iacono, Manuel Trachsel, Thanh Phan, Charlène Aubinet

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Population Analysis And Immunologic Landscape Of Melanoma In People Living With Hiv, Lindsay Barger, Derek Wang, Ashley Saravia, Valeria Mezzano, Gyles Ward, Cynthia Loomis, Carly Feldman, Madalina Tuluc, Rino Seedor, Peter Gaskill, Anna Coghill, Gita Suneja, Iman Dehzangi, Jennifer Hope, George Jour, Gabriele Romano

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: To dissect the clinical and immunologic features of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) diagnosed with melanoma, who have consistently shown worse outcomes than HIV-negative individuals (PLw/oH) with the same cancer.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We analyzed electronic health records from 1,087 PLWH and 394,437 PLw/oH with melanoma. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared. Spatial immune transcriptomics (72 immune-related genes) was performed on melanoma tumor samples (n = 11), with downstream validation using multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF; n = 15 PLWH, n = 14 PLw/oH).

RESULTS: PLWH were diagnosed at a younger age, had a greater representation of Hispanic and …

Depression Due To Combined Dexamethasone And Cyproheptadine Abuse For Weight Gain, Sanjana Sateesh, Jatin Kumar, Dhananjay Ardawatia, Kishor M, Shashidhara Kc, Srikanth Ms

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Cyproheptadine, an H1 antihistamine, and Dexamethasone, a long-acting steroid, are often misused in combination for addressing self-perceived body image issues and have become a popular but dangerous ‘weight gain cocktail’, often available over the counter without any prescription. This case describes a 25-year-old man who had self-prescribed the above-mentioned drugs in combination to address his self-perceived lean physique. This resulted in a significant weight gain, followed by an abnormal increase in appetite, which affected his daily life. Upon cessation, it resulted in rebound weight changes, depressive features, along with features of corticosteroid withdrawal, which required multidisciplinary management.

This case highlights …

Varicella Zoster Encephalitis In An Immunocompetent Middle-Aged Female With Benign Neurological Presentation, Kopalle Bhanu Sriram, Swathi B.S, Bernice Roberts

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) is a neurotropic human herpesvirus that typically presents as herpes zoster following reactivation of latent infection. Central nervous system involvement such as encephalitis is uncommon and is more frequently described in immunocompromised individuals. Increasing use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostics has enabled improved recognition of VZV-related neurological disease in immunocompetent hosts.

We describe a middle-aged immunocompetent female who presented with a 15-day history of persistent headache associated with vomiting and low-grade fever. Examination revealed vesicular eruptions in the T8–T9 dermatomes, while neurological examination and neuroimaging were normal. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis demonstrated lymphocytic pleocytosis, elevated …

Low-Dose Aspirin For Preventing Intrauterine Growth Restriction And Pre-Eclampsia In Sickle Cell Pregnancy, Lydia Pecker, Sophie Lanzkron

Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research

No abstract provided.

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement In Systemic Sclerosis: A Case Series And Review Of Short- And Long-Term Outcomes, Chris T. Derk, Ahmadreza Badali, Esra Mehmetoglu, Anvitha Mummadisetty, Amit Syal, Konstantinos Parperis

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

Objectives: A higher frequency of valvular heart disease is seen among Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) patients. Advanced aortic valve stenosis leads to significant morbidity in these patients with multiple other comorbidities. In this study, we aim to define the short- and long-term outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedures in SSc patients. Methods: We undertook a retrospective chart review of all patients with SSc who underwent a TAVR procedure at our institution over a defined 11-year period. Demographics as well as short- and long-term outcomes were identified. Results: Fourteen SSc patients underwent a TAVR procedure between 2012 and 2023. They …

A Study Of Awareness Of Antiseptics And Disinfectant Use Among Allied Health Sciences Students And Interns Of A Tertiary Care Hospital, Pooja M, Puneeth A, Sharmi Nm

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Background:

Antiseptics and disinfectants are among the most vital tools in infection prevention and control (IPC), especially in healthcare settings where the risk of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) remains a significant concern. This study aims to assess the awareness and knowledge of antiseptics and disinfectants among Allied Health Sciences (AHS) students and interns, identify knowledge gaps at different stages of training, and recommend educational interventions.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study conducted among 1st to 3rd-year AHS students and interns at a tertiary care hospital. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire via a Google form after obtaining approval from …

Morphea With Seronegative Inflammatory Arthritis And Normal Acute Phase Reactants: A Case Report, Balakrishnan Navaneethakrishnan, Mahabaleshwar Mamadapur

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Localised scleroderma, also known as morphea, is an immune-mediated fibrosing disorder that primarily affects the skin and subcutaneous tissues. While traditionally considered purely a cutaneous disease, extracutaneous manifestations (especially inflammatory arthritis) are increasingly being appreciated. The combined presence of morphea and inflammatory arthritis is rare and can be difficult to diagnose, particularly when inflammatory markers and serological testing are non-contributory.

Case Summary : We describe a 41-year-old woman with long-standing biopsy-proven morphea who over 2 years developed chronic, asymmetric inflammatory arthritis of the left wrist and hand small joints. On examination, she had active synovitis with restricted movements of her …

Pseudo-Hallucinations: A Diagnostic Conundrum, Dr Sankram Nayak, Manju Aswath, Vathsalya S. Gowda

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Background:

Pseudohallucinations are vivid, hallucination-like experiences that are internal, recognized as unreal. Distinguishing from true hallucinations remains a diagnostic challenge.

Case-report

33-year-old female with family history of psychosis presented with 10-year duration of delusion of infidelity and auditory experiences, with normal Biopsychosocial functioning. She had multiple psychiatric consultations, diagnosed as paranoid schizophrenia, treated with  various antipsychotics, ECT, current prescription of clozapine(350mg) with clozapine induced seizure.  Reported that her husband was emotionally unavailable. She described the voices in her head which were non-threatening, praising her for having qualities of an ideal-wife.  They were constant companions giving her solace and hence refrained …

Presentations Of Cutaneous Disease In Various Skin Pigmentations: Tinea Corporis, Braden Van Alfen, Navya Peddireddy, Marshall Hall, Henry Lim, Christian Scheufele, Garrett Furth, Dustin Wilkes, Michael Carletti, Stephen E. Weis

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Tinea corporis is a common superficial fungal infection caused by dermatophytes. It typically presents as well-defined, pruritic, annular papules and plaques with central hypopigmentation. The differential diagnosis includes pityriasis rosea, nummular dermatitis, plaque psoriasis, tinea versicolor, granuloma annulare, and discoid lupus. This article compares different presentations of tinea corporis in various skin types as classified by the Fitzpatrick scale. Recognizing varying presentations of tinea in patients of different skin tones will aid in early and appropriate diagnosis and treatment.

Presentations Of Cutaneous Disease In Various Skin Pigmentations: Keratosis Pilaris, Henry Lim, Reem Ayoub, Madelyn Richards, Marshall Hall, Christian Scheufele, Dustin Wilkes, Michael Carletti, Stephen E. Weis

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Keratosis pilaris (KP) is a common benign disorder involving hyperkeratosis of the skin. It is associated with other common dry skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis and ichthyosis vulgaris. Lesions are clinically characterized as symmetrically distributed, monomorphic, folliculocentric, hyperkeratotic papules with a variable degree of perifollicular erythema. The appearance can be likened to spikey bumps that are commonly located on the arms, legs, and buttocks. Awareness of KP is important as every primary care clinician will see patients with this disorder. Identification can support the diagnosis of other associated skin diseases. Education about KP and its treatment may alleviate psychological …

Comparison Of Ventilation Support During Laser Treatment Of Retinopathy Of Prematurity, Jason Peng, Raghav Taneja, Barry N. Wasserman, Krystal Hunter, Vineet Bhandari, Alla Kushnir

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

Highlights: What are the main findings? Preterm infants undergoing ROP laser surgery with routine elective intubation had significantly longer durations of post-operative mechanical ventilation. Routine intubation during this procedure did not improve short-term clinical outcomes, such as overall hospital length of stay or timing of laser intervention in the infant’s life. What are the implications of the main findings? Routine intubation strategies may unnecessarily increase exposure to mechanical ventilation without improving clinical outcomes. Standardization of perioperative intubation practices across hospitals may be needed to optimize respiratory support in this vulnerable population. Objective: To compare respiratory outcomes between infants undergoing retinopathy …

Tadalafil Monotherapy Is A Reasonable Alternative For The Treatment Of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms In Patients With Comorbid Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia And Erectile Dysfunction, Daniel M. Ibrahim, Anam Ahmed, Swetha Reddy, Meet S. Patel, Nabeel Sumbal, Adam Chaban, Aminah I. Fayyaz

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A clinical decision report appraising

Oelke M, Giuliano F, Mirone V, Xu L, Cox D, Viktrup L. Monotherapy with tadalafil or tamsulosin similarly improved lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia in an international, randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur Urol. 2012;61(5):917-925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2012.01.0131

for a vigorous 75-year-old man with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and erectile dysfunction (ED) who discontinued dutasteride due to intolerable sexual side effects.

Outcomes Of Radiation Integrated With T-Cell-Engaging Bispecific Antibodies In Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma, Heta Patel, Harper Hubbeling, Kyle Yu, Maribel Carpenter, Michael Lariviere, John Plastaras, Adam Cohen, Shivani Kapur, Dan Vogl, Adam Waxman, Edward Stadtmauer, Alfred Garfall, Sandra Susanibar-Adaniya

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

No abstract provided.

Musculoskeletal Infection Reporting And Data System (Mski-Rads): Reviewed And Explained, Angela He, Flavio Duarte Silva, Mina Guirguis, Erin F. Alaia, William B Morrison, Avneesh Chhabra

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

A standardized guideline and scoring system are recommended for the imaging evaluation of musculoskeletal infections on MR imaging. The Musculoskeletal Infection Reporting and Data System (MSKI-RADS) is a recently developed and validated classification system using MR imaging that can be used to classify the severity and extent of musculoskeletal infections, improve radiology-pathology concordance, and outline the corresponding management recommendations. This review article explains MSKI-RADS and discusses the different elements of this system in detail with a review of pertinent literature so that the readers can apply it in their practices. The work outlines the technical considerations for optimal MR imaging …

The Path Forward For T Cell Engagers In Patients With Prostate Cancer, Sumit K. Subudhi, Bilal A. Siddiqui, Kevin K. Zarrabi, William K. Kelly, Charles G. Drake

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

T cell engagers (TCEs) recruit T cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME) to induce antitumor immune responses. TCEs have demonstrated promising clinical responses in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and have advanced into phase 3 clinical trials. Here we provide an overview of the mechanisms of action of TCEs, including both CD3-targeted and CD28-targeted agents, and review the clinical development of these agents for prostate cancer. We propose a path forward for TCEs in prostate cancer, in which innovative clinical trials will facilitate a biological understanding of mechanisms of efficacy and toxicity to inform: (1) development of predictive biomarkers …