Medical Specialties Commons^™

Probucol Prevents Early Coronary Heart Disease And Death In The High-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Sr-Bi/Apolipoprotein E Double Knockout Mouse, Anne Braun, Songwen Zhang, Helena E. Miettinen, Shamsah Ebrahim, Teresa M. Holm, Eliza Vasile, Mark J. Post

Dartmouth Scholarship

Mice with homozygous null mutations in the high-density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI (scavenger receptor class B, type I) and apolipoprotein E genes fed a low-fat diet exhibit a constellation of pathologies shared with human atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD): hypercholesterolemia, occlusive coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial infarctions, cardiac dysfunction (heart enlargement, reduced systolic function and ejection fraction, and ECG abnormalities), and premature death (mean age 6 weeks). They also exhibit a block in RBC maturation and abnormally high plasma unesterified-to-total cholesterol ratio (0.8) with associated abnormal lipoprotein morphology (lamellar/vesicular and stacked discoidal particles reminiscent of those in lecithin/cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency and cholestasis). Treatment …

Regulation And Localization Of Endogenous Human Tristetraprolin, Anna-Marie Fairhurst, John E. Connolly, Katharine A Hintz, Nicolas J Goulding

Dartmouth Scholarship

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been implicated in the development and pathogenicity of infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders, such as septic shock and arthritis. The zinc-finger protein tristetraprolin (TTP) has been identified as a major regulator of TNF biosynthesis. To define its intracellular location and examine its regulation of TNF, a quantitive intracellular staining assay specific for TTP was developed. We establish for the first time that in peripheral blood leukocytes, express

Photodynamic Therapy, Ashley Thomas

McCabe Thesis Collection

Photodynamic therapy is a new treatment that is being introduced into the veterinary community. Photodynamic therapy is the use of light activated chemotherapy to kill cancer cells (Dougherty, 1998). It has already been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to be used as a form of cancer treatment in humans, but has not been carried over to the veterinary community. That is until now. Photodynamic therapy is now being tested in the veterinary community in hopes to find the same results that the human medical community has when dealing with certain types of cancer. They also hope to …

Plasma Total Homocysteine And The Effect Of B-Group Vitmains. Current Knowledge And Future Directions In Assessment For Cardiovascular Diseases Among U.S. Cardiovascular Specialists, Salam F. Sunna

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cardiovascular disease remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States claiming the lives of over 40% of the nearly 2.4 million Americans who die each year. Recent studies have shown that elevated homocysteine in the blood is related to a higher risk of coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease and stroke independent of other classical cardiovascular disease risk factors. The aim of this study is to determine the general awareness and acceptance of U.S. cardiovascular specialists of the homocysteine theory, the criteria used for ordering a homocysteine test, the frequency physicians refer patients to dietitians for …

Outbreak Of Sars, Ambreen Shakil, Muhammad Imran Omar, Saba Sohail

Department of Radiology

No abstract provided.

Association Of Iron Deficiency Anaemia In Children Of 1-2 Years Of Age With Low Birth Weight, Recurrent Diarrhoea Or Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infection - A Myth Or Fact?, Niloufer Sultan Ali, Rukhsana Wamiq Zuberi

Department for Educational Development

No abstract provided.

Selective Expression Of Beta Tubulin Isotypes In Gerbil Vestibular Sensory Epithelia And Neurons, Brian Perry, Heather Jensen Smith, Richard F. Ludueña, Richard Hallworth

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

The seven mammalian isotypes of beta tubulin are strikingly similar in amino acid sequence. The differences in isotypic sequence, although small, are nonetheless conserved in evolution, which suggests that they may confer distinct functional roles. If so, such roles should be reflected in the selective expression of isotypes by cell type, or even in the sorting of isotypes to within-cell pools. Hair cells of the vestibular sensory epithelia each possess a kinocilium, a microtubule-based organelle that could represent a distinct microtubule compartment, separate from the extensive microtubule network in the soma. The afferent neurons that innervate the vestibular sensory epithelia …

Cell Type-Specific Reduction Of Beta Tubulin Isotypes Synthesized In The Developing Gerbil Organ Of Corti, Heather Jensen Smith, Jonquille Eley, Peter S. Steyger, Richard F. Ludueña, Richard Hallworth

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

There are seven isotypic forms of the microtubule protein beta tubulin in mammals, but not all isotypes are synthesized in every cell type. In the adult organ of Corti, each of the five major cell types synthesizes a different subset of isotypes. Inner hair cells synthesize only betaI and betaII tubulin, while outer hair cells make betaI and betaIV tubulin. Only betaII and betaIV tubulin are found in inner and outer pillar cells, while betaI, betaII, and betaIV tubulin are present in Deiters cells, and betaI, betaII and betaIII tubulin are found in organ of Corti dendrites. During post-natal organ …

Platelets Stimulate Fibroblast-Mediated Contraction Of Collagen Gels, Ulrika Zagai, Karin Fredriksson, Stephen I. Rennard, Joachim Lundahl, C. Magnus Sköld

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

BACKGROUND: Platelets are thought to play a role in a variety of inflammatory conditions in the lung, some of which may lead to fibrosis. In the current study we tested the hypothesis that whole platelets and platelet lysate can mediate remodelling of extracellular matrix in vitro by affecting fibroblast-mediated contraction of a collagen gel. We also sought to determine to what extent platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) contribute to this effect.

METHODS: Washed platelets, isolated from healthy blood donors, and platelet lysate (freezing and thawing), were cast together with human lung fibroblasts in three-dimensional collagen gels. …

Supervised Treatment Interruption (Sti) In An Urban Hiv Clinical Practice: A Prospective Analysis, Joseph L. Yozviak Do, Facp, Peter Kouvatos Do, R Eric Doerfler Np, Cch, William C. Woodward Do

Department of Medicine

Background: In acute HIV-1 infection, STI may induce immunologic control of HIV-1 replication. Several prospective trials of STI in chronic HIV-1 infection have been less encouraging. A previously presented retrospective analysis of our patients showed that in those with a significant CD4 increase (>200 cells) on antiretroviral therapy (ART), 2 or more interruptions may significantly lower viral set point. This prospective study describes STI in a cohort of patients.

Methods: 10 patients with either a positive response to therapy interruption retrospectively or those expressing interest in the strategy who met inclusion criteria (VL BLQ on ART, good adherence, robust …

Is Dynamic Atrial Overdrive Pacing Anti-Arrhythmic Or Proarrhythmic: A Case Report, Ngai-Yin Chan, Miu-Fong Kwok, Chi-Chung Choy

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

No abstract provided.

Respiratory Arrest In A Child After Flushing Of Pancuronium From The Dead Space Of Intravenous Cannula, Robyna Irshad Khan, Fazal Hameed Khan, Hamid Iqil Naqvi

Department of Anaesthesia

It is common practice for patients admitted to Intensive Care Units to have indwelling intravenous cannulae. Sometimes these cannulae are used only for the administration of drugs and are closed otherwise. Residual drugs in the deadspace of these intravenous cannulae as well as connected stoppers or 3-way stopcocks can later be flushed unknowingly. We would like to report a case in which inadvertent flushing of residual pancuronium caused complete muscle paralysis and respiratory arrest in a young child.

Drug Eluting Stent: A Major Advance In Fighting Coronary Artery Restenosis, Yuk-Kong Lau

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

Since the first use of coronary angioplasty in 1977, there have been major growth and development in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Due to the advances in techniques, experiences, devices, and newer potent antiplatelet and antithrombotic medications, PCI is increasingly performed in highly complex and high risk patients with a reasonably low complication rate. Coupled with reduced discomfort, shorter hospital stay and recovery time, it has far outnumbered the volume of coronary artery bypass surgery. Currently, 1.7 million PCI procedures are performed annually worldwide with increases by 15-20% per year the last decade.

Transitional Cell Carcinomas Of The Urinary Bladder. A Histopathological Study, Z. Ahmed, S. Muzaffer, M. Khan, N. Kayani, Shahid Pervez, A. S. Husseini, S H. Hasan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective:

To determine the histological grading and muscle invasion in Transitional Cell Carcinomas of the Urinary Bladder; and to evaluate whether any correlation exists between tumour grade and muscle invasion.

Method:

A Retrospective study of all consecutive cases of Transitional Cell Carcinomas of the Urinary Bladder diagnosed at Aga Khan University Hospital between 1st Jan 1997 and 31st Dec 2000.

Results:

This study included 495 cases of Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder. M: F ratio was 4:1. Ages of patients ranged from 30 years to 87 years. Mean age in males was 59.1 years and in females 58.8 …

Il-10 And Alveolar Bone Loss, Abdulaziz Saud Al-Rasheed

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with anti-inflammatory activities. IL-10 knockout (KO) mice exhibit severe intestinal inflammation in the presence of normal gut flora. We hypothesized that IL-10 KO mice would also be susceptible to inflammatory periodontal disease resulting in alveolar bone loss (ABL). The purpose of this study was to compare naturally occurring ABL in IL-10 KO and wild type (WT) mice. Twelve IL-10 KO and 12 WT mice, age-(7 months) and sex-(male) matched, were used. Half of the mice were on 129/SvEv and half on C57BL/6J background. Animal heads were defleshed and treated to remove all organic material. ABL …

Role Of Signal-Averaged Ecg In Predicting Results Of Flecainide Provocation Test Used In Family Screening For Brugada Syndrome, Ngai-Shing Mok, Chi-Chung Choy, Ngai-Yin Chan, Amy Ho

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

Brugada syndrome (BS) is an inherited arrhythmogenic disease with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Flecainide provocation test (FPT) has been shown to be highly sensitive and specific in unmasking the Brugada ECG pattern in affected subjects. We sought to test if late potential (LP) in signal averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) is helpful in predicting the results of FPT used in family screening for BS. The study included 17 asymptomatic Chinese subjects from 8 families (M:F 10:7, mean age 24.8±11.4 years) who have undergone family screening for BS. All screened subjects had a normal 12-lead ECG at baseline. None had structural …

The Effects Of A 10-Week Exercise Program On Physiological Variables And Quality Of Life In Type 2 Diabetes, David Robb Holton

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction between psychological and physiological parameters before and after a 10-week, aerobic training study of sedentary diabetic individuals and sedentary controls. Tests measuring physiological parameters (interstitial NO, blood flow, lactate threshold, VO₂ peak and glycosylated hemoglobin) and a quality of life survey were completed before and after training. Nine previously sedentary diabetic (DE, diabetic exerciser) and 10 control sedentary subjects (CE, control exerciser) engaged in 10 weeks of supervised aerobic exercise. A non-training diabetic group (DS, diabetic sedentary, n=12) and a non-training control group (CS, control sedentary, n=I0) were also …

The Post-Madit Ii Era: Icd For All Post-Infarct Patients With Moderate To Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction?, Kathy Lai-Fun Lee, Chu-Pak Lau

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

Device therapy has become the preferred treatment for patients who have survived sudden cardiac death. Throughout the last decade, large-scale randomized clinical trials have provided consistent evidence on the clinical efficacy of device therapy. ICD is proven to be superior to anti-arrhythmic drugs in patients with structural heart diseases who suffer from haemodynamically significant ventricular arrhythmias. The role of ICD in primary prevention of sudden death in selected patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction is also widely established after the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implant Trial (MADIT) and the Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial (MUSTT).

Percutaneous Revascularisation In Diabetic Patients With Coronary Artery Disease, Wai-Hong Chen, Chu-Pak Lau

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

Diabetic patients with coronary artery disease are associated with an unfavourable long-term outcome. Surgical revascularisation on top of medical therapy has been shown to confer survival benefit in patients with mutivessel and left main disease. With the emergence of the percutaneous approach of revascularisation, several clinical trials have been conducted to compare these two modalities of treatment. Consistent results were demonstrated in the diabetic subgroup that coronary artery bypass grafting is superior to balloon angioplasty in preventing late adverse cardiac event. With the advancement of percutaneous technique using coronary stenting as the predominant mode of catheter based revascularisation, the latest …

Role Of Disulphide Bond Formation In Folding, Secretion, And Assembly Of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Subunits., Elliott Bedows, Ryan J. Darling, Jason A. Wilken, Simon Sherman

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

Ability of a glycoprotein hormone to fold and assemble correctly is an essential requirement for the attainment of its biological activity . Cells have a quality control system to assure that when proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum mi sfold or fail to assemble correctly they do not exit the cell. But human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is an exception to this rule as is illustrated by the following observations. First, both hCG subunits are secreted efficiently as unassembled monomers. Second, some mis(un)folded forms of hCG-β can be efficiently secreted from cells that do not facilitate the secretion of other misfolded proteins. …

Enhancement Of Anti-Hiv-1 Ribozyme Activities By Rev Binding And Multimerization, Yuksel Yildiz

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

To effectively apply hammerhead ribozymes as therapeutic agents it is necessary to co-localize them with the desired target. Human immunodeficiency virus type1 (HIV- 1) infectivity is dependent on env gene expression. HIV-1 Rev protein binds to a higher ordered RNA structure within the env transcript termed the Rev Binding Element (RBE). In anti-HIV gene therapy employing ribozymes to increase the co-localization of anti- HIV ribozymes with target HIV mRNAs, it has been proposed that when the native HIV- 1 RBE is appended to a ribozyme as a decoy molecule, simultaneous binding of Rev monomers to the RBE sequences in both …

Typical Symptoms Are Predictive Of Acute Coronary Syndromes In Women, Kerry A. Milner, Marjorie Funk, Amy L. Arnold, Viola Vaccarino

Nursing Faculty Publications

Background: Previous research suggests that the presentation of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) may differ in women and men. No study has prospectively evaluated the role of a comprehensive set of typical and atypical symptoms and whether different symptoms on presentation predict ACS diagnosis in women and men. Methods and Results: We directly observed 246 women and 276 men seen in the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of ACS and documented their symptoms verbatim. ACS was eventually diagnosed in 89 (36%) women and 124 (45%) men on the basis of standard electrocardiogram and cardiac enzyme criteria. Presence of typical symptoms (chest …

The Long-Term Clinical Prognosis In Patients With Anterior Wall And Non-Anterior Wall Acute Myocardial Infarction Referred To Primary Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty, Mingzhong Zhao, Dayi Hu, Tianchang Li, Sanqing Jia

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

Objective: To investigate the long-term clinical prognosis in patients with anterior wall acute myocardial infarction (AW-AMI) and non AW-AMI (NAW-AMI) referred to primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (P-PTCA). Methods: 287 patients with AMI who underwent P-PTCA were divided into AW-AMI group (142 cases) and NAW AMI group (145 cases) according to different sites of AMI. The baseline characteristics and coronary artery lesions of patients were analysed. The primary end points were in-hospital mortality and the major cardiovascular events (MACE) during a mean 17.3±9.8 months follow-up including the occurrences of non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal congestive heart failure, revascularization of target vessels …

Appropriate Use Of Clopidogrel, Cyrus R Kumana, Bernard Man-Yung Cheung, Ij Lauder

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

Clopidogrel (Plavix®) is an orally administered pro-drug, whose pharmacology and therapeutic role has been extensively reviewed in recent publications.1-5 In essence, it results in selective and irreversible antagonism of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Such aggregation normally results in the surface expression of platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptors, which facilitate fibrinogen binding as well as consequential further platelet aggregation – the final common pathway of vascular occlusion. Specific cytochrome P450 enzymes are thought to generate the responsible active metabolite (believed to persist transiently). However, dosage adjustment is not recommended in hepatic impairment (unless severe) and drug-drug interactions and co-administration with meals are …

Frequency Of Use Of Complementary And Alternative Medicine In Women With Breast Cancer, Cecile A. Lengacher, Mary Bennett, Kevin E. Kip, Rosemary Keller, Melisa S. Lavance, Lynette S. Smith, Charles E. Cox

Nursing Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Differential Synthesis Of Beta-Tubulin Isotypes In Gerbil Nasal Epithelia, Karen Woo, Heather Jensen Smith, Richard F. Ludueña, Richard Hallworth

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

Compartmentalization of beta-tubulin isotypes within cells according to function was examined in gerbil olfactory and respiratory epithelia by using specific antibodies to four beta-tubulin isotypes (beta(I), beta(II), beta(III), and beta(IV)). Isotype synthesis was cell-type-specific, but the localization of the isotypes was not compartmentalized. All four isotypes were found in the cilia, dendrites, somata, and axons of olfactory neurons. Only two isotypes (beta(I) and beta(IV)) were present in the cilia of nasal respiratory epithelial cells. The beta(IV) isotype, thought to be an essential component of cilia, was present in olfactory neurons and respiratory epithelial cells, which are ciliated, but was not …

Mapping And Ablation Of Complex Cardiac Arrhythmia Guided By A Novel Three Dimensional Non-Contact Endocardial Activation Mapping System, Wing-Hong Fung, Chi-Kin Chan, Kam-Sang Woo, Wilson Wai-Man Chan

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

Conventional cardiac activation mapping requires a sequentially-based method of positioning a catheter in contact with the endocardium to generate intracardiac electrograms at single points during sustained arrhythmia. Significant limitation of such point by point mapping may be encountered when applying to complex arrhythmia e.g. non-sustained arrhythmia or haemodynamically unstable arrhythmia. A novel non-contact mapping system (Ensite 3000 system) providing a three-dimensional simultaneous display of arrhythmia activation may offer a solution. The non-contact mapping system consists of a specially designed balloon catheter (Ensite EP catheter) with 64 insulated wires over the surface of the balloon for sensing electrical potentials on the …

Morphological Pattern Of Salivary Gland Tumours, M. S. Gill, S. Muzaffar, I. N. Soomro, Naila Kayani, A. S. Hussainy, Shahid Pervez, S. H. Hasan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective: To delineate the spectrum of salivary gland tumors in our setup.

Setting: The Aga Khan University Medical Centre, Karachi.

Method: Tumors were analysed considering histological type, age and sex of the patients and anatomic location. The diagnosis of individual tumours was based on the 1991 World Health Organisation Classification.

Results: During the span of eight years (1991-1998), 379 cases of salivary gland tumours were diagnosed. Of these, 205 (65.7%) were male and 174 (34.3%) were female. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 35 years. The median age for patients with malignant lesions (44 years) was 12 …

The Use Of Wallstent And Smart Stents Incarotid Stent-Supported Angioplasty, Steven Siu-Lung Li

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

In the endovascular approach of carotid stenosis treatment, stent-supported angioplasty is current state-of-the-art technique. Self-expandable stents are preferable to balloon-expandable stents due to the potential risk of deformation of the latter by external pressure. Wallstents and SMART stents are the more commonly used self-expandable stents. They appear to be of similar efficacy and safety but due to their different characteristics, their applications may be different according to different lesion characteristics.

Presentation And Symptom Predictors Of Coronary Heart Disease In Patients With And Without Diabetes, Marjorie Funk, Janice B. Naum, Kerry A. Milner, Deborah Chyun

Nursing Faculty Publications

The aims of this prospective, observational study were to compare: (1) symptom presentation of coronary heart disease (CHD) between patients with and without diabetes and (2) symptom predictors of CHD in patients with and without diabetes. We directly observed 528 patients with symptoms suggestive of CHD as they presented to the ED of a 900-bed cardiac referral center in the northeastern United States. There were no significant differences in symptom presentation of CHD between patients with and without diabetes, although patients with diabetes were slightly more likely to present with shortness of breath (P =.056). Patients with diabetes reported …