Neurosciences Commons^™

A Novel Super-Resolution Microscopy Platform For Cutaneous Alpha-Synuclein Detection In Parkinson's Diseasea Novel Super-Resolution Microscopy Platform For Cutaneous Alpha-Synuclein Detection In Parkinson's Disease, Ofir Sade, Daphna Fischel, Noa Barak-Broner, Shir Halevi, Irit Gottfried, Dana Bar-On, Stefan Sachs, Anat Mirelman, Avner Thaler, Aviv Gour, Meir Kestenbaum, Mali Gana Weisz, Saar Anis, Claudio Soto, Melanie Shanie Roitman, Shimon Shahar, Kathrin Doppler, Markus Sauer, Nir Giladi, Nirit Lev, Roy N Alcalay, Sharon Hassin-Baer, Uri Ashery

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) aggregates in the central nervous system are the main pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD). ASyn aggregates have also been detected in many peripheral tissues, including the skin, thus providing a novel and accessible target tissue for the detection of PD pathology. Still, a well-established validated quantitative biomarker for early diagnosis of PD that also allows for tracking of disease progression remains lacking. The main goal of this research was to characterize aSyn aggregates in skin biopsies as a comparative and quantitative measure for PD pathology. Using direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) and computational tools, …

Management Of Anhedonia After Epilepsy Surgery, Gerardo Maria De Araujo Filho, Antonio L Teixeira

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Anhedonia is clinically defined as difficulty or inability to feel pleasure or to be motivated to perform activities that were previously pleasurable. Anhedonia is a core feature of depressive disorders but can be present in other conditions such as substance use and anxiety disorders. Herein we report the case of a 34-year-old female who developed marked anhedonia after left cortico-amygdalohippocampectomy. Despite optimal seizure control, the person struggled with anhedonia and other depressive symptoms. After ruling out medico-neurologic complications, she was prescribed with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Anhedonia can be a challenging neuropsychiatric presentation that requires ruling …

Targeting The Renin-Angiotensin System (Ras) For Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Aline Silva De Miranda, Danielle S Macedo, Natalia P Rocha, Antonio L Teixeira

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Neuropsychiatric disorders, such as mood disorders, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias, are associated to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders remain to be fully elucidated, which has hampered the development of effective therapies. The Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) is classically viewed as a key regulator of cardiovascular and renal homeostasis. The discovery that RAS components are expressed in the brain pointed out a potential role for this system in central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. The understanding of RAS involvement in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders may contribute to identifying novel therapeutic …

Co-Occurrence Of Autism Spectrum Disorder And Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With Idiopathic Hypersomnia: Data From The Hypersomnia Foundation Registry, Sophie Sevan Mikkelsen

Honors Undergraduate Theses

In recent years, hypersomnia patients and researchers alike have increasingly discussed the possibility of heightened comorbidities, or co-occurrences, of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with the central disorders of hypersomnolence: idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) and narcolepsy (N). While a few scarce studies have investigated a link between ADHD and N, there has been no research on the co-occurrence of these conditions with IH. This study, using data from the Hypersomnia Foundation’s CoRDS Patient Registry, is the first to identify self-reported rates of ASD and ADHD diagnoses by people with idiopathic hypersomnia. Four chi-square tests were conducted to determine …

Abnormal Regulation Of Mitochondrial Sphingolipids During Aging And Alzheimer’S Disease, Simone M. Crivelli, Zainuddin Quadri, Ahmed Elsherbini, Hemendra J. Vekaria, Patrick G. Sullivan, Wenbo Zhi, Pilar Martinez-Martinez, Stefka D. Spassieva, Erhard Bieberich

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

During pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mitochondria suffer alterations that lead to low energy production and reactive oxygen species formation. However, the mechanism of impaired mitochondria homeostasis in AD is not fully understood. We hypothesized that abnormal sphingolipid metabolism in mitochondria could be one of the contributing factors to mitochondrial dysfunction. Synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondria were isolated from 5xFAD and wild type (WT) mice at 3 and 7 months using Ficoll gradient ultracentrifugation, and their function was analyzed using Seahorse assay. Additionally, mitochondria were ana- lyzed using mass spectrometry for proteomics and sphingolipidomics analyses. Sphingolipid levels were also determined in …

Sars-Cov-2 Infection History Is Positively Correlated With Frequency Of Psychotic Symptoms In Schizophrenia, Jackson D. Beecher

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Previous work in human and animal studies has implicated aberrant insular cortex (IC) activity in the pathophysiology of hallucinations. Of note, the IC overlaps with the olfactory cortex (OC), a region of the brain that receives extensive projections from sensory neurons of the olfactory epithelium. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious coronavirus with a demonstrated ability to cause anosmia; the virus does this by colocalizing with and damaging support cells in the olfactory epithelium, ultimately leading to alterations in olfactory receptor cell signaling to the OC. Given the overlap between OC and IC, we asked the question of whether COVID-19 …

A Rare Case Of Early Onset Vitamin B6 Dependent Epilepsy, Rohit Thorat, Qudsiya Ansari, Kailas Randad, Vinaya Singh, Akash Sarkate

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Pyridoxine dependent epilepsy (PDE) is a rare seizure disorder which manifests in neonatal period, but can be manifested in early infancy also. Seizures are seen in the first month of life in the classical form, but in the atypical form they don't show up until later in life, sometimes as late as three years old. It has an autosomal recessive inheritance caused by mutation in ALDH7A1 gene, causing deficiency of alpha-aminoadepic semialdehyde dehydrogenase commonly known as antiquitin (ATQ). Its deficiency leads to accumulation of metabolites, which causes deficiency of functional form of pyridoxine. The seizures are non-responding to antiepileptic medications, …

Memory Impairments Due To Binge Ethanol Are Impacted By Age And Sex, Maria Alexis M. Bent

Theses and Dissertations

Ethanol is the most consumed drug among adolescents, which can cause long-term effects on memory and changes in gene and protein expression. While both adolescents and adults engage in binge drinking, the neurological and behavioral effects differ, with adolescents showing fewer adverse physiological effects but greater memory deficits than adults. Sex differences related to ethanol occur with women showing higher BEC than men and similar cognitive deficits despite fewer years of ethanol consumption. During adolescence the mPFC and dHPC undergo maturation development with both brain regions playing a role in spatial and recognition memory. Proteins critically involved in memory and …

Behavioral Effects Of Adolescent Social Isolation Stress And/Or Binge Drinking And The Role Of The Vhip --> Mpfc Circuit, Jyoti Lodha

Theses and Dissertations

Adolescence is characterized by heightened social interaction and risk-taking behavior. Disruptions to cortical development by binge ethanol or social isolation can lead to attention, social, and cognitive deficits later in life, and increase risk for alcohol use disorders. During adolescence, proper development of a monosynaptic connection from the ventral hippocampus (vHip) to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is critical to proper social and working memory. We ask whether these factors affect neurobiological factors such as gene expression and the role of the vHipmPFC circuit in these behaviors. Social stress was modeled by social isolation (aSI) during adolescence. We expect aSI …

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury In Yucatan Minipigs: Assessing Changes In Approachability And Mechanical Nociception Following Diffuse Central Fluid Percussion Injury, Mark D. Pavlichenko

Theses and Dissertations

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major healthcare concern affecting millions. Symptoms of TBI include sensory sensitivity and social changes that may persist long-term. Due to similarities in cytoarchitecture, metabolism, and inflammation, higher order minipig models are advantageous for translational TBI research, however, there remains a shortage of information regarding their behavioral and sensory sequelae following injury. Therefore, in this study, we assessed changes in sociability and somatosensation in adult male and female Yucatan minipigs for up to one-week following a sham or central fluid percussion injury (cFPI). Specifically, the voluntary human approach task (VHAT) and the forced human approach …

Utilizing Ai Integrated Neuroimaging Technology To Expand Upon Machine Learning In Positron Emission Tomography Technology With The Aim Of Detecting Amyloid Beta Biomarkers Early In The Onset Of Alzheimer's., Ethan S. Terman

UROP Posters

Early intervention in Alzheimer's is vital for treatment. The earlier a professional can detect symptoms and make a diagnosis the earlier a prognosis can be implemented. With the prevalence of data in our day-to-day world combined with Artificial intelligence (AI), utilizing both for machine learning can pave the way for more accurate and efficient detection of Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. AI combined with Machine learning (ML) increases diagnostic efficiency and reduces human errors, making it a valuable resource for physicians and clinicians alike. With the increasing amount of data processing and image interpretation required, the ability to use AI …

Prevalence And Patterns Of Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Young Hypertensive Patients, *Raghu V S R Tanuku Dr., Major Venkata Shree Krishna Dr., Sreedhar Tanuku Dr

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Hypertension ranks among the top ten causes of mortality, with around 4% attributed to hypertensive complications. High salt intake, Type 2 diabetes, smoking, elevated serum lipids, a sedentary lifestyle, a diet heavy in saturated fat, genetic predisposition, as well as stress are among the factors that contribute to hypertension. Hypertension affects about 1 billion people worldwide, with considerable differences between populations and ethnic groups [2]. The Framingham Heart Study indicates that a person's lifetime risk of developing hypertension is 90% if they are normotensive at age 55. According to the NHANES IV (4th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), the …

Precision Needle-Punch Tumor Enrichment From Paraffin Blocks Improves The Detection Of Clinically Actionable Genomic Alterations And Biomarkers, Douglas I Lin, Richard S P Huang, Ioannis Ladas, Rachel B Keller, Nimesh R Patel, Sotirios Lakis, Brennan Decker, Tyler Janovitz, Douglas A Mata, Jeffrey S Ross, Jo-Anne Vergilio, Julia A Elvin, Roy S Herbst, Philip C Mack, Jonathan K Killian

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: While many molecular assays can detect mutations at low tumor purity and variant allele frequencies, complex biomarkers such as tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and genomic loss of heterozygosity (gLOH) require higher tumor purity for accurate measurement. Scalable, quality-controlled, tissue-conserving methods to increase tumor nuclei percentage (TN%) from tumor specimens are needed for complex biomarkers and hence necessary to maximize patient matching to approved therapies or clinical trial enrollment. We evaluated the clinical utility and performance of precision needle-punch enrichment (NPE) compared with traditional razor blade macroenrichment of tumor specimens on molecular testing success.

METHODS: Pathologist-directed NPE …

High Doses Of Caffeine-Induced Cerebral Infarction Leading To Partial Locked-In Syndrome In A Young Adult: A Novel Association?, Vijay Sinha, Loc Lam, Michael V Nguyen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: This is a case of a 30-year-old male with no prior medical conditions presented to the emergency department for presumed seizures after ingesting 900 mg of caffeine via pre-workout drinks and pills.

CASE PRESENTATION: The patient was described as having nearly 15 min of generalized seizure activity observed by emergency medical service, requiring midazolam. A head computerized tomography (CT) demonstrated a possible thrombus, and further, CT angiography and CT perfusion confirmed a basilar artery occlusion. He was treated with tissue plasminogen activator and underwent thrombectomy achieving TICI grade 3 in the left posterior cerebral artery and TICI grade 2b …

Corrigendum: High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation For Upper Extremity Rehabilitation In Moderate-To-Severe Ischemic Stroke: A Pilot Study, Jordan N Williamson, Shirley A James, Dorothy He, Sheng Li, Evgeny V Sidorov, Yuan Yang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Novel Oppositional Defiant Disorder Or Conduct Disorder 24 Months After Traumatic Brain Injury In Children And Adolescents, Daniel S Lowet, Florin Vaida, John R Hesselink, Linda Ewing-Cobbs, Russell J Schachar, Sandra B Chapman, Erin D Bigler, Elisabeth A Wilde, Ann E Saunders, Tony T Yang, Olga Tymofiyeva, Mingxiong Huang, Jeffrey E Max

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: The authors sought to identify predictive factors of new-onset or novel oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder assessed 24 months after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: Children ages 5 to 14 years who had experienced TBI were recruited from consecutive hospital admissions. Soon after injury, participants were assessed for preinjury characteristics, including psychiatric disorders, socioeconomic status (SES), psychosocial adversity, and family function, and the presence and location of lesions were documented by MRI. Psychiatric outcomes, including novel oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder, were assessed 24 months after injury.

Results: Of the children without preinjury oppositional defiant disorder, conduct …

Measurement Of 8-Hydroxy-2′-Deoxyguanosine In Serum And Cerebrospinal Fluid Of Horses With Neuroaxonal Degeneration And Other Causes Of Proprioceptive Ataxia, Megan Palmisano, Jeaneen Kulp, Susan Bender, Darko Stefanovski, Mary Robinson, Amy Johnson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Eight-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of oxidative damage evaluated in human neurodegenerative disease, has potential to correlate with postmortem diagnosis of neuroaxonal dystrophy/degenerative myeloencephalopathy (NAD/DM) in horses.

HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that 8-OHdG will be higher in CSF and serum from NAD/DM horses compared with horses with other neurologic diseases (CVSM, EPM) and a control group of neurologically normal horses. We also hypothesized that 8-OHdG will be higher in CSF compared with serum from NAD/DM horses.

ANIMALS: Fifty client-owned horses with postmortem diagnoses: 20 NAD/DM, 10 CVSM, 10 EPM, and 10 control horses. Serum and CSF samples were obtained between November …

Proportional Sway-Based Electrotactile Feedback Improves Lateral Standing Balance, V S Raghav Hari Krishna, Jeonghee Kim, Shuo-Hsiu Chang, Yoonsuck Choe, Hangue Park

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Plantar cutaneous augmentation is a promising approach in balance rehabilitation by enhancing motion-dependent sensory feedback. The effect of plantar cutaneous augmentation on balance has been mainly investigated in its passive form (e.g., textured insole) or on lower-limb amputees. In this study, we tested the effect of plantar cutaneous augmentation on balance in its active form (i.e., electrical stimulation) for individuals with intact limbs.

METHODS: Ten healthy subjects participated in the study and were instructed to maintain their balance as long as possible on the balance board, with or without electrotactile feedback evoked on the medial side of the heel, …

In Sickness And In Health-Type I Interferon And The Brain, Wei Cao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Type I interferons (IFN-I) represent a group of pleiotropic cytokines renowned for their antiviral activity and immune regulatory functions. A multitude of studies have unveiled a critical role of IFN-I in the brain, influencing various neurological processes and diseases. In this mini-review, I highlight recent findings on IFN-I's effects on brain aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, and central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. The multifaceted influence of IFN-I on brain health and disease sheds light on the complex interplay between immune responses and neurological processes. Of particular interest is the cGAS-STING-IFN-I axis, which extensively participates in brain aging and various forms …

20-Year Inflation-Adjusted Medicare Reimbursements (Years: 2000-2020) For Common Lumbar And Cervical Degenerative Disc Disease Procedures, Pedram Honarpisheh, Samantha L Parker, Christopher R Conner, Sami Anjum, Jessica R Stark, John C Quinn, John M Caridi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: Reimbursement trends for common procedures have persistently declined over the past 2 decades. Spinal instrumentational and fusion procedures are increasingly utilized and have increased in clinical complexity, yet longitudinal inflation-adjusted data for Medicare reimbursements of these procedures have not been evaluated.

METHODS: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Physician Fee Schedule Look-Up Tool was used to extract Medicare reimbursements for the 5 most common spinal procedures and associated instrumentations from 2000-2020. Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes include 22551, 22600, 22633, 63030, and 63047 as well as instrumentation CPT codes 22840 and 22842-6. The nominal values were adjusted …

Lateralization Of Motor Behavior As A Measure Of Cognitive Functioning And Resting-State Electrocortical Activity, Alina Dillahunt

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Background. Research has shown that the laterality between hands in self-report and motor measures maps onto hemispheric lateralization and this has important implications for psychopathology (e.g., depression) and cognition. The present study evaluates the relationship between performance on finger-tapping tasks (FTT), alpha power during resting-state electroencephalography (EEG), handedness, and relevant psychological outcomes. Methods. A sample of 48 individuals between the ages of 18 and 35 completed online assessments including a modified FTT paradigm, the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory, and a common depression measure. A subset of 20 participants completed assessments of motor and executive functioning including a self-report executive functioning measure, …

Researching Covid To Enhance Recovery (Recover) Pediatric Study Protocol: Rationale, Objectives And Design, Rachel S Gross, Tanayott Thaweethai, Erika B Rosenzweig, James Chan, Lori B Chibnik, Mine S Cicek, Amy J Elliott, Valerie J Flaherman, Andrea S Foulkes, Margot Gage Witvliet, Richard Gallagher, Maria Laura Gennaro, Terry L Jernigan, Elizabeth W Karlson, Stuart D Katz, Patricia A Kinser, Lawrence C Kleinman, Michelle F Lamendola-Essel, Joshua D Milner, Sindhu Mohandas, Praveen C Mudumbi, Jane W Newburger, Kyung E Rhee, Amy L Salisbury, Jessica N Snowden, Cheryl R Stein, Melissa S Stockwell, Kelan G Tantisira, Moriah E Thomason, Dongngan T Truong, David Warburton, John C Wood, Shifa Ahmed, Almary Akerlundh, Akram N Alshawabkeh, Brett R Anderson, Judy L Aschner, Andrew M Atz, Robin L Aupperle, Fiona C Baker, Venkataraman Balaraman, Dithi Banerjee, Deanna M Barch, Arielle Baskin-Sommers, Sultana Bhuiyan, Marie-Abele C Bind, Amanda L Bogie, Tamara Bradford, Natalie C Buchbinder, Elliott Bueler, Hülya Bükülmez, B J Casey, Linda Chang, Maryanne Chrisant, Duncan B Clark, Rebecca G Clifton, Katharine N Clouser, Lesley Cottrell, Kelly Cowan, Viren D'Sa, Mirella Dapretto, Soham Dasgupta, Walter Dehority, Audrey Dionne, Kirsten B Dummer, Matthew D Elias, Shari Esquenazi-Karonika, Danielle N Evans, E Vincent S Faustino, Alexander G Fiks, Daniel Forsha, John J Foxe, Naomi P Friedman, Greta Fry, Sunanda Gaur, Dylan G Gee, Kevin M Gray, Stephanie Handler, Ashraf S Harahsheh, Keren Hasbani, Andrew C Heath, Camden Hebson, Mary M Heitzeg, Christina M Hester, Sophia Hill, Laura Hobart-Porter, Travis K F Hong, Carol R Horowitz, Daniel S Hsia, Matthew Huentelman, Kathy D Hummel, Katherine Irby, Joanna Jacobus, Vanessa L Jacoby, Pei-Ni Jone, David C Kaelber, Tyler J Kasmarcak, Matthew J Kluko, Jessica S Kosut, Angela R Laird, Jeremy Landeo-Gutierrez, Sean M Lang, Christine L Larson, Peter Paul C Lim, Krista M Lisdahl, Brian W Mccrindle, Russell J Mcculloh, Kimberly Mchugh, Alan L Mendelsohn, Torri D Metz, Julie Miller, Elizabeth C Mitchell, Lerraughn M Morgan, Eva M Müller-Oehring, Erica R Nahin, Michael C Neale, Manette Ness-Cochinwala, Sheila M Nolan, Carlos R Oliveira, Onyekachukwu Osakwe, Matthew E Oster, R Mark Payne, Michael A Portman, Hengameh Raissy, Isabelle G Randall, Suchitra Rao, Harrison T Reeder, Johana M Rosas, Mark W Russell, Arash A Sabati, Yamuna Sanil, Alice I Sato, Michael S Schechter, Rangaraj Selvarangan, S Kristen Sexson Tejtel, Divya Shakti, Kavita Sharma, Lindsay M Squeglia, Shubika Srivastava, Michelle D Stevenson, Jacqueline Szmuszkovicz, Maria M Talavera-Barber, Ronald J Teufel, Deepika Thacker, Felicia Trachtenberg, Mmekom M Udosen, Megan R Warner, Sara E Watson, Alan Werzberger, Jordan C Weyer, Marion J Wood, H Shonna Yin, William T Zempsky, Emily Zimmerman, Benard P Dreyer, Recover-Pediatric Consortium

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

IMPORTANCE: The prevalence, pathophysiology, and long-term outcomes of COVID-19 (post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 [PASC] or "Long COVID") in children and young adults remain unknown. Studies must address the urgent need to define PASC, its mechanisms, and potential treatment targets in children and young adults.

OBSERVATIONS: We describe the protocol for the Pediatric Observational Cohort Study of the NIH's REsearching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Initiative. RECOVER-Pediatrics is an observational meta-cohort study of caregiver-child pairs (birth through 17 years) and young adults (18 through 25 years), recruited from more than 100 sites across the US. This report focuses on two of …

Autophagy Determines Distinct Cell Fates In Human Amnion And Chorion Cells, Mary Elise L Severino, Lauren Richardson, Ananth Kumar Kammala, Enkhtuya Radnaa, Kamil Khanipov, Leslie Michelle M Dalmacio, Indira U Mysorekar, Marian Kacerovsky, Ramkumar Menon

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Human fetal membranes (amniochorion) that line the intrauterine cavity consist of two distinct cell layers; single-layer amnion epithelial cells (AEC) and multilayer chorion trophoblast cells (CTC). These layers are connected through a collagen-rich extracellular matrix. Cellular remodeling helps support membrane growth and integrity during gestation and helps to maintain pregnancy. Preterm prelabor rupture of the human amniochorionic (fetal) membrane (pPROM) is antecedent to 40% of all spontaneous preterm birth. Oxidative stress (OS) induced activation of the p38 MAPK due to various maternal risk exposures and the amniochorion cells' senescence are reported pathological features of pPROM. Our transcriptomics analysis implicated dysregulated …

Critical Dialogue And Capacity-Building Projects Reduced Alcohol And Substance Use In A Randomized Clinical Trial Among Formerly Incarcerated Men, Liliane Cambraia Windsor, Ellen Benoit, Carol Lee, Alexis Jemal, Kari Kugler, Douglas C Smith, Rogério M Pinto, Salma Musaad

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background:

Rates of alcohol and/or substance use (ASU) among residents of predominantly Black and marginalized communities are similar to ASU rates in White communities. Yet ASU has worse consequences in predominantly Black and marginalized communities (e.g., higher incarceration).

Objective:

We randomized participants to one of 16 intervention conditions using a 2⁴ full factorial design to optimize a multilevel intervention reducing ASU among 602 formerly incarcerated men with substance-use-disorders (SUD). Candidate intervention components included (1) critical dialogue (CD; six weekly 2-hour-long group sessions vs. no CD sessions), (2) Quality of Life Wheel (QLW; six weekly 1-hour-long group sessions vs. no …

Editorial: Symmetry As A Guiding Principle In Artificial And Brain Neural Networks, Volume Ii, Fabio Anselmi, Ankit B Patel

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Research Considerations For Prospective Studies Of Patients With Coma And Disorders Of Consciousness, Lorenzo Tinti, Thomas Lawson, Erika Molteni, Daniel Kondziella, Verena Rass, Tarek Sharshar, Yelena G Bodien, Joseph T Giacino, Stephan A Mayer, Moshgan Amiri, Susanne Muehlschlegel, Chethan P Venkatasubba Rao, Paul M Vespa, David K Menon, Giuseppe Citerio, Raimund Helbok, Molly Mcnett

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Disorders of consciousness are neurological conditions characterized by impaired arousal and awareness of self and environment. Behavioural responses are absent or are present but fluctuate. Disorders of consciousness are commonly encountered as a consequence of both acute and chronic brain injuries, yet reliable epidemiological estimates would require inclusive, operational definitions of the concept, as well as wider knowledge dissemination among involved professionals. Whereas several manifestations have been described, including coma, vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome and minimally conscious state, a comprehensive neurobiological definition for disorders of consciousness is still lacking. The scientific literature is primarily observational, and studies-specific aetiologies lead to …

Editorial: Epilepsy And Alzheimer’S Disease: Shared Pathology, Clinical Presentations, And Targets For Treatment, Beth Leeman-Markowski, Jeannie Chin, Dominique Leitner, Keith Vossel

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Laminar Multi-Contrast Fmri At 7t Allows Differentiation Of Neuronal Excitation And Inhibition Underlying Positive And Negative Bold Responses, Xingfeng Shao, Fanhua Guo, Junghwan Kim, David Ress, Chenyang Zhao, Qinyang Shou, Kay Jann, Danny Jj Wang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

A major challenge for human neuroimaging using functional MRI is the differentiation of neuronal excitation and inhibition which may induce positive and negative BOLD responses. Here, we present an innovative multi-contrast laminar functional MRI technique that offers comprehensive and quantitative imaging of neurovascular (CBF, CBV, BOLD) and metabolic (CMRO2) responses across cortical layers at 7T. This technique was first validated through a finger-tapping experiment, revealing ‘double-peak’ laminar activation patterns within the primary motor cortex. By employing a ring-shaped visual stimulus that elicited positive and negative BOLD responses, we further observed distinct neurovascular and metabolic responses across cortical layers and eccentricities …

Dimensionality Reduction And Nearest Neighbors For Improving Out-Of-Distribution Detection In Medical Image Segmentation, Mckell Woodland, Nihil Patel, Austin Castelo, Mais Al Taie, Mohamed Eltaher, Joshua P Yung, Tucker J Netherton, Tiffany L Calderone, Jessica I Sanchez, Darrel W Cleere, Ahmed Elsaiey, Nakul Gupta, David Victor, Laura Beretta, Ankit B Patel, Kristy K Brock

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Clinically deployed deep learning-based segmentation models are known to fail on data outside of their training distributions. While clinicians review the segmentations, these models tend to perform well in most instances, which could exacerbate automation bias. Therefore, detecting out-of-distribution images at inference is critical to warn the clinicians that the model likely failed. This work applied the Mahalanobis distance (MD) post hoc to the bottleneck features of four Swin UNETR and nnU-net models that segmented the liver on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. By reducing the dimensions of the bottleneck features with either principal component analysis or uniform …

Integrative Computational Analyses Implicate Regulatory Genomic Elements Contributing To Spina Bifida, Paul Wolujewicz, Vanessa Aguiar-Pulido, Gaurav Thareja, Karsten Suhre, Olivier Elemento, Richard H Finnell, M Elizabeth Ross

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE: Spina bifida (SB) arises from complex genetic interactions that converge to interfere with neural tube closure. Understanding the precise patterns conferring SB risk requires a deep exploration of the genomic networks and molecular pathways that govern neurulation. This study aims to delineate genome-wide regulatory signatures underlying SB pathophysiology.

METHODS: An untargeted, genome-wide approach was used to interrogate regulatory regions for rare single-nucleotide and copy-number variants (rSNVs and rCNVs, respectively) predicted to affect gene expression, comparing results from SB patients with healthy controls. Qualifying variants were subjected to a deep learning prioritization framework to identify the most functionally relevant variants, …