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Articles 1 - 3 of 3
Full-Text Articles in Musculoskeletal, Neural, and Ocular Physiology
Diabetic Retinopathy: A Pathophysiological Discussion, Nathanael C. Nicholls
Diabetic Retinopathy: A Pathophysiological Discussion, Nathanael C. Nicholls
Senior Honors Theses
Diabetic retinopathy is a severe complication of diabetes that is capable of causing vision loss or blindness. As a result of hyperglycemia, the disease increases oxidative stress and activates biochemical processes such as the Hippo pathway and the complement system to cause significant damage to the retina. Overexpression of BTG1 and microRNA-183 enables activation of biochemical pathways that lead to negative effects on the retinal vascular endothelium including angiogenesis and inflammation. Conventional methods of diagnosis for diabetic retinopathy include fundus examination, nucleoside detection, and optical coherence tomography angiography. Photocoagulation and hormonal intravitreal injection are the most popular current treatments, while …
Perspectives On Demyelinating Disease: An Overview Of Multiple Sclerosis, Nathaniel Howard Williams
Perspectives On Demyelinating Disease: An Overview Of Multiple Sclerosis, Nathaniel Howard Williams
Senior Honors Theses
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of central nervous system (CNS), primarily concerning oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the CNS and the neurons that are ensheathed in myelin. MS is the most common demyelinating disease, affecting as many as 300,000 yearly in the United States alone. Much debate centers on whether MS onset is primarily caused by autoimmune reactions or intrinsic dysfunction in oligodendrocytes, which prompts an immune-mediated response. Those who review the current literature on MS may become quickly overwhelmed by the volume and variety of available material. The purpose of this review is to present a …
Spinal Cord Trauma: An Overview Of Normal Structure And Function, Primary And Secondary Mechanisms Of Injury, And Emerging Treatment Modalities, Daniel Morin
Senior Honors Theses
The structures of the spinal cord and vertebral column are designed to provide flexibility, while still providing ample protection for the spinal cord deep within. While it does offer remarkable protection against most routine trauma, the spinal cord is still vulnerable to high-force etiologies of trauma and may become damaged as a result. These events are referred to as primary injury. Following the initial injury, the body’s own physiological responses cause a cascade of deleterious effects, known as secondary injury. Secondary injury is a major therapeutic target in mitigating the effects of spinal cord injury (SCI), and much research is …