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Articles 1 - 8 of 8
Full-Text Articles in Medical Physiology
Serotonin Receptor 2-Induced Mitochondrial Biogenesis As A Therapeutic Strategy For The Treatment Of Multiple Pathologies, Jennifer Linton Harmon
Serotonin Receptor 2-Induced Mitochondrial Biogenesis As A Therapeutic Strategy For The Treatment Of Multiple Pathologies, Jennifer Linton Harmon
MUSC Theses and Dissertations
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common pathophysiological feature in many acute and chronic organ injury states. Often, this mitochondrial dysfunction is sub-lethal and persistent and is a major contributor to loss of cellular function in the absence of cell death. Mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) is the process by which new mitochondria are created, and studies have demonstrated that pharmacological induction of MB can reverse loss of mitochondrial content, improve mitochondrial function and reduce measures of acute organ injury. Several classes of pharmacological agents that induce MB through divergent mechanisms have been identified. Previous studies demonstrated that 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI), a potent but non-specific …
Zo1 As A Factor In The Remodeling Of Myocardial Gap Junctions, Ralph John Barker
Zo1 As A Factor In The Remodeling Of Myocardial Gap Junctions, Ralph John Barker
MUSC Theses and Dissertations
The remodeling of connexin43-containing gap junctions (GJs), as defined by changes in size, distribution, or function, is a prominent feature of both the developing and diseased myocardium. During postnatal development of the mammalian ventricle, there is a progressive remodeling of GJs into intercalated disks. This change in GJ quantity and distribution is correlated with alterations in the velocity and anisotropy of impulse spread within differentiating myocardium. Orderly distribution of GJs is perturbed in many cardiac diseases, and reemergence of immature patterns of myocyte coupling may be a factor in the arrhythmogenic potential attending such pathologies. Although mechanisms responsible for this …
Alterations In Myocyte Protein Extractability And Composition Accompany The Development Of Supraventricular Tachycardia Induced Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Alice E. Arnim-Barker
Alterations In Myocyte Protein Extractability And Composition Accompany The Development Of Supraventricular Tachycardia Induced Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Alice E. Arnim-Barker
MUSC Theses and Dissertations
Chronic pacing supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in animals causes a dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) similar to the clinical spectrum of congestive heart failure observed in humans. However, cellular mechanisms for the changes in left ventricular (LV) geometry with SVT-DCM remain unclear. Accordingly, LV and myocyte structure and function were examined in 7 pigs with chronic SVT (pace 240 bpm, 3 wks) and in 7 control pigs. Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension increased (5.3±0.2* vs 3.8±0.2 cm), and LV fractional shortening (14±1* vs 34±1%) and wall thickness decreased (0.49±0.01* vs 0.72+0.03 cm) with SVT (*p< 0.05 compared to control). Left ventricular isolated myocyte function using computer assisted video-microscopy revealed decreased percent shortening (2.6±0.1* vs 4.9±0.1 %), velocity of shortening (31 ±1* vs 58±1 µm/s), and velocity of relengthening (32±0.8* vs 63±1.6 µm/s) with SVT. A potential mechanism for these changes in LV and myocyte function and geometry was studied by examining myocyte protein extractability, as well as isolated myocyte cytoarchitecture. The findings of this study show that with SVT, the percent extractable protein per myocyte increased by over 160% compared to controls. This increase in extractable protein is correlated to changes in LV geometry (r2 = 0.39, p = 0.016), and is also negatively correlated to myocyte contractile function (r2 = 0.318, p = 0.036). Electrophoretic analysis of myocyte extractable protein revealed an increase in protein in the 114 and 58 kD ranges, as well as in a very high molecular weight protein. Immunofluorescent staining of SVT cardiomyopathic myocytes revealed an altered pattern of cytoskeletal staining for a-tubulin and a thickened weave of β-tubulin. These results suggest that alterations· in myocyte protein extractability and cytoarchitecture may be related to the depressed contractile performance in this form of cardiomyopathic disease.
Application Of Digital Signal Analysis, Mass Data Acquisition And Processing Techniques, And Automated Experiment Protocols To The Study Of Cardiac Cell Membrane Electrophysiology, With Mathematical Modeling, David S. Buckles
MUSC Theses and Dissertations
Traditional methods of collecting, analyzing and storing data from cardiac cell membrane electrophysiology experiments have become increasingly cumbersome and unwieldy as experimental protocols have become more sophisticated and complex. A global approach to collecting, analyzing, refining and storing electrophysiologic data, as well as a new approach to mathematical modeling of cell membrane single ion channel kinetics, was developed. This utilizes a comprehensive microcomputer based system of software with specialized analog and digital electronics for data acquisition, analysis and archiving. Unique discrete signal processing techniques for characterizing the electronic recording system, including specialized hardware and software adapted for minimizing distortions in …
Rabbit Erythropoiesis In Vitro, K. G. M. Brockbank
Rabbit Erythropoiesis In Vitro, K. G. M. Brockbank
MUSC Theses and Dissertations
The erythropoietin (Ep) dose response of erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-e) and erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-e) from rabbit bone were similar to murine erythroid precursor Ep requirements. Bone marrow and peripheral blood contained a continuum of erythroid precursors at differing stages of maturation. The earliest BFU-e were assayed on day 10. CFU-e were observed in bone marrow, but not in peripheral blood. The most mature erythroid precursors observed in peripheral blood were intermediate BFU-e, assayed on day 5. A linear relationship exists between the number of nucleated bone marrow cells plated and the number of 3 day colonies and 10 day …
Carbon Dioxide Contributions In Respiratory Control, Edwin Merrill Adams
Carbon Dioxide Contributions In Respiratory Control, Edwin Merrill Adams
MUSC Theses and Dissertations
This study was undertaken to investigate the contribution of carbon dioxide to respiratory control made by the carotid bodies and vagus nerves. Small eupneically breathing dogs, anesthetized with IV ketamine HCL were subjected to inspired CO2 concentrations of 3% while recording simultaneously tidal volume, inspiratory and expiratory airflow rates, and single neuron activity in or near the ventral respiratory group. The burst activity of the ventral respiratory group neuron was considered to be representative of the final integrated motor output of the brain stem respiratory complex. This data provided information concerning: (1) the relationship between the central respiratory neuron in …
Acid-Base Disorders: Evaluation And Instruction By Minicomputer, Deborah Likins Atkinson
Acid-Base Disorders: Evaluation And Instruction By Minicomputer, Deborah Likins Atkinson
MUSC Theses and Dissertations
A computerized system for instruction and diagnosis of clinical electrolyte and acid-base disorders has been implemented on a PDP-8/e minicomputer at the Medical University of South Carolina. The program is designed for use by persons at various stages of medical training: student, house staff, and clinician. This system not only aids the physician in making his diagnosis, but also serves as a means of educational instruction in acid-base physiology for the student. A patient file has been established in conjunction with the program. The file enables a physician to follow a patient's course over time. Several auxiliary computer programs have …
The Effects Of Reserpine On Adrenal Responses To Nicotine And On Cardiovascular Responses To Exogenous Epinephrine And Norepinephrine, Ervin E. Bagwell
The Effects Of Reserpine On Adrenal Responses To Nicotine And On Cardiovascular Responses To Exogenous Epinephrine And Norepinephrine, Ervin E. Bagwell
MUSC Theses and Dissertations
Since the isolation or reserpine by Bein et al (1) in 1952, there have been numerous investigations dealing with the pharmacological and physiological properties of this drug. A good proportion of this work has dealt with the effects of reserpine on the function of the sympatho-adrenal system. The present investigation has two primary objectives and is therefore divided into two chapters. The first chapter is concerned with a study of the effects of previous reserpine treatment on the responsiveness of the adrenal medulla to chemical stimulation and the reactivity of the cardiovascular system to this stimulation. In chapter two an …