Medical Pathology Commons^™

Efficacy And Safety Of Stem Cell-Based Interventions For Burn Wound Healing: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Pre-Clinical And Early Clinical Evidence, Prayuth Poowaruttanawiwit, Patsanan Kulla, Naveeya Pakpoomkamonlert

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Burn injuries remain a major therapeutic challenge, with conventional treatments often failing to achieve complete functional skin regeneration. Stem cell-based interventions, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and exosome derivatives, have demonstrated regenerative and immunomodulatory potential, yet their translation to clinical practice remains limited.
Objectives: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of stem cell-based therapies for burn wound healing across pre-clinical and clinical studies.
Materials and Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, four databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane) were searched through April 2025. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials and controlled pre-clinical …

Surgical Specimen Management Protocols In The Pre-Analytical Phase, Jordan L. Hall

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Project Abstract

Purpose

This quality improvement (QI) project aimed to decrease surgical specimen errors during the pre-analytical phase at the target institution by 50% by January 2025 by developing best practices for specimen labeling and documentation.

Background

The QI project was implemented within a level two trauma center with a 24-suite operating room (OR) in The Woodlands, Texas, which provides care across all surgical specialties except ophthalmology.

Methodology

The target institution changed from nurse-hand-written specimen labels and requisition sheets to electronic medical record (EMR) generated specimen labels and requisition sheets. The change was congruent with the target institution’s shift to a new …

Resilience And Reality: Exploring The Lived Experiences Of People Living With Hiv In Texas During The Covid-19 Pandemic – A Qualitative Study., Ahmed F. Alanazi

Social Work Dissertations - Archive

This study investigated the lived experiences of individuals living with HIV (PLWH) in the Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) area of Texas during the COVID-19 pandemic, using an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) framework. The research examined the intersection of health, social dynamics, and psychological resilience among PLWH, who faced compounded vulnerabilities due to systemic inequities and the dual public health crises of HIV and COVID-19. Through semi-structured interviews with ten participants from diverse backgrounds, the study captured the profound impacts of disrupted healthcare systems, heightened stigma, and social isolation on this marginalized population. The findings reveal that the pandemic exacerbated existing inequities …

Functional And Traditional Medical Management Of Endometriosis: An Integrative Review, Madison G. Daniels

Senior Honors Theses

Endometriosis, a progressive disease that affects many women worldwide, has been managed primarily through hormonal medication, pain management and surgical intervention. However, there is a growing desire among women to use more natural and holistic methods to control the progression of this disease as well as effectively manage the severe symptoms that accompany it. This integrative review examines the efficacy of functional management as compared to traditional medical management. The pathophysiology of each treatment method and provide statistical evidence as to its efficacy. The progression of the disease, symptom management, and related side effects are all taken into consideration in …

Rising Prevalence Of Mild Chronic Gastritis In Children: A Single Center Experience, Rohit Josyabhatla, Mary Lauren Wood, Amber Gafur, Nina Tatevian, Amanda S Tchakarov, Syed Shahrukh Hashmi, Jon Marc Rhoads, Melissa Renee Van Arsdall

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: We analyzed upper endoscopic and histological findings in 3 cohorts of children undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy over a 10-year period. Five hundred seventy-nine patients were identified, with 244 (42%), 199 (35%), and 136 (23%) in the 2011, 2015, and 2019 cohorts, respectively. The most common symptoms and signs were abdominal pain, vomiting, failure to thrive, and diarrhea.

RESULTS: The number of patients who had histological evidence of chronic gastritis increased from 2011 (n = 70, 29%) to 2015 (n = 106, 53%) and 2019 (n = 92, 68%;

CONCLUSIONS: There has been a significant rise in the …

Perioperative Risks Of The Patient With Heart Failure, Gabrielle Metoyer

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Perioperative Risks of the Patient with Heart Failure

Gabrielle Metoyer

Department of Nursing, Otterbein University

NURS 6810 – Advanced Pathophysiology

Dr. Deanna Batross and Dr. Shivani Bhatnagar

August 5, 2022

Abstract

According to the CDC (2020), heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood and oxygen to support other organs in your body. Heart failure is an epidemic disease affecting 1-2% of the population worldwide (Schwinger, 2020). It is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide with an estimated 6.5 million adults with heart failure in the United States (Lo et al., 2021). Medical advances …

Childhood Trauma And Chronic Disease, Breanna Urena

Graduate Research Projects

No abstract provided.

Malignant Hyperthermia For The Nurse Anesthetist, Victor Clark

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) is a rare, autosomal dominant skeletal muscle disorder that can have an insidious onset in susceptible patients exposed to the triggering agents succinylcholine, halothane, desflurane, sevoflurane, and isoflurane. MH can occur in patients who have received anesthesia with these agents in the past (Nagelhout & Plaus, 2018, p 775). Patients with a family history of MH or associated skeletal muscle disorder must be treated as MH-susceptible until proven otherwise. Failure to detect an MH crisis can lead to kidney failure, profound acidosis, coagulopathies, rhabdomyolysis, cardiac dysrhythmias, cardiovascular collapse, and death (Seifert et al., 2015). It is the …

Fall Prevention Assessment In The Intermediate Care Patient Population, Dawn Rose

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

Fall Prevention Assessment in the Intermediate Care Patient Population

Falls cause greater than 600,000 deaths per year and are the most common injury in people over 65 years of age. Fall prevention in the acute care setting has been identified as key goal in the most recent JCAHO review process. Falls on an intermediary care unit lead to an increased rate of morbidity, delayed discharge, and excess cost expenditure.

Even with appropriate evidence-based tools in place, Hospital A’s intermediate care unit, recorded an increased rate of falls; the highest rate in its health care system. An investigation identified factors contributing …

Vte Prevention: A Risk Assessment Tool, Mary Gilkey

Scholars Week

VTEs are a leading cause of hospital deaths and cost healthcare systems billions. A risk assessment tool that correctly identifies at risk patients and provides appropriate prophylactic measures can decrease the rate of hospital acquired VTE.

Maternal Psychological Distress And Cortsiol, Jenna Schroeder

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Abstract

Background: Previous studies have reported associations between prenatal maternal distress and negative health outcomes for the unborn. There are gaps within this body of knowledge and inconsistencies in the research which make the relevant relationships unclear. If changes in maternal cortisol cause alterations in fetal development, it is important to gain an adequate understanding of how, and if, maternal psychological distress predicts maternal cortisol levels. This study is an integrative literature review that looks at the research investigating a connection between maternal psychological distress and maternal cortisol levels during pregnancy. Lazarus and Folkman’s (1984) Transactional Model of Stress and …

Clostridium Difficile, Ryan Osborn

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Clostridium Difficile infection (CDI) is an antibiotic resistant bacterium that is widely recognized and currently noted to be the "most common and costly healthcare associated infection in the United States" (Abt, McKenney & Pamer, 2016). The topic of CDI is important to discuss, as this infection can attack all patient populations especially those following antibiotic treatment. A disruption in a person's intestinal microbiota is known to place them at higher risk for CDI (Abt, McKenney & Pamer, 2016). Becoming infected with this bacterium leads to symptoms of diarrhea, bloating, belly pain, and occasionally fevers. The growing prevalence, antibiotic resistance associated …

Malignant Hyperthermia, Aaron Roth

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Malignant hyperthermia is a rare disease trait and can take place in a variety of settings. If not treated in a timely manner, the consequences will be dire. It is recommended that nurses and other healthcare personnel be properly educated on MH crises. By detecting the signs and symptoms associated with the disease, providers can efficiently remedy the crisis and save patient lives (Seifert, 2014). Since the discovery of dantrolene in 1975 and the advancement of genetics regarding MH, death rates dropped from about 80% to about 5% (Schneiderbanger et al., 2014). Today there is a MH group called the …

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Maria A. Hendrix

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic and often disabling condition that is seen in many patients seeking pain management. The condition leaves patients in excruciating pain that is disproportionate to the inciting injury. In addition, patients with this pain disorder experience abnormal sensations such as cold and heat allodynia, hyperalgesia, edema, abnormal sudomotor activity and trophic changes (D. Lee et al., 2015). CRPS disproportionally affects four times as many women as men (Alexander, Peterlin, Perreault, Grothusen, & Schwartzman, 2012). There are two types of CRPS: type 1, often referred to as reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), is not evident …

Nursing Management And Mirror Therapy For Phantom Limb Pain, Bridget Henry

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Phantom limb pain may occur after the accidental removal or surgical amputation of a limb. Phantom limb pain is the experience of pain in the limb that is no longer present. The clinical management of phantom limb pain is essential in the overall reduction of patient rehabilitation and poor patient outcomes. A patient’s degree of phantom limb pain is influenced by their personal response to loss and pain and can have devastating effects to a person’s social performance, occupational role, family role, relationships, and involvement in activities or hobbies. Like most chronic pain, phantom limb pain decreases the quality of …

Myasthenia Gravis, Abbe R. Feaver

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by ocular, bulbar, facial, and skeletal muscle weakness due to a defect in the transmission of nerve to muscle impulses at the neuromuscular junction (Mestecky, 2013, p. 110). Approximately 14-20 in 100,000 people are diagnosed with myasthenia gravis in the United States (Leis, Moore, Kofler, Beric, De Visser, 2014, p. 112). Typically, diagnosis occurs in middle-aged adults with women generally acquiring the disease at a younger age than men (Mestecky, 2013, p. 110). MG has the potential to greatly affect the quality of life of a patient. Although the disease …

Neurocysticercosis, Abigail Hill

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is one of the most common parasitic infections of the central nervous system in humans and is the most serious clinical manifestation of cysticercosis. NCC is caused by the ingestion of the larval form of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. NCC is endemic in low income developing countries where pigs are commonly raised, including the countries of Central America, South America, and parts of Africa and Asia. (Naddaf, Seeger, & Stafstrom, 2014). The parasite Taenia solium encysts in the brain and can express a broad range of symptoms including seizures, headache, hydrocephalus, encephalitis, stroke and mental health and …

Prevalence Of Sepsis In Pediatric Populations, Brittany Barnes

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Sepsis and more specifically septic shock in the pediatric population is a diagnosis that is full of complexities. There are instances where a neutropenic oncology patient observes a better outcome than a previously healthy patient who is suffering from the same pathogen related sepsis. Sepsis is the 10th leading cause of death according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and each year between 20,000 and 42,000 children are diagnosed with severe sepsis (Riley & Wheeler, 2012). Even with significant advances in medical treatment, sepsis is still associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. A retrospective study of patient …

Marfan Syndrome In Athletes, Chelsey Hastings

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Genetic disorders are widely misunderstood in our society and can lead to early mortality. Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disorder that affects connective tissue (Harris, Croce, & Tian, 2014). Antoine Marfan, a French pediatrician, first described this disease in 1896 (Elshershari & Harris, 2014). MFS can manifest in several different organ systems. The cardiovascular complications of aortic dilation and dissection often account for the morbidity associated with this disease (Harris et al., 2014). Understanding the inheritance, pathophysiology, and treatment of MFS is important for the advanced practice nurse (APN). Prevalence of the disease is approximately two per 10,000 individuals, …

Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegner’S) : Often Mistaken For Tuberculosis, Dawn Palumbo

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

The exact cause of GPA has yet to be identified. Dinić et al. (2013) defines GPA/WG as “anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)- associated systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology” (p. 887). According to Alam, Dastider, Ahmed, and Rabbani (2012) both cellular and humoral immunity are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of wegener’s granulomatosis. “ The initial pathologic lesion is granuloma believed to be caused by cellular immune process. The strong association on C-ANCA with this disease suggests the role of humoral immunity” (Alam et al., 2014, p. 98). Huang et al. (2013) suggest, “The main pathological features of limited Wegeners’ …

Basal Cell Carcinoma—A Preventable Disease, Jamie Weaver

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a nonmelanoma skin cancer. According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, “BCC is the most frequently occurring form of all skin cancers. More than one out of every three new cancers is a skin cancer, and the vast majority are BCC’s” (www.skincancer.org). Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays is one of the main risk factors in developing a BCC. People with a lighter skin tone are at a higher risk of developing a BCC than those with a darker skin tone.

Nash: Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis, Jennifer Heck

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease which refers to the presence of hepatic steatosis without significant intake of alcohol. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease develops in a variety of forms from reversible simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which if left unchecked can progress to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and even develop into hepatocellular carcinoma (Mells et al., 2014). NAFLD is thought to be nonthreatening, but with progression over several years could lead to NASH. A strong link between obesity and NASH has been shown. In addition to obesity, insulin resistance (type II diabetes mellitus), and hyperlipidemia all …

Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation And Stroke: Novel Oral Anticoagulants Versus Vitamin K Antagonists, Kathryn A. Viglietta

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Atrial fibrillation (afib) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and second most common cardiovascular condition in adults in the United States (Zarraga & Kron, 2012). •2.2 million affected, increases risk of stroke 4 to 6 times (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS], 2015). •Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) have been mainstay of therapy for over 60 years (King, Holley& Moores, 2013). •Limitations with VKAs such as variability in response, need for frequent lab draws, food and drug interactions which decrease patients adherence and under prescribing by physicians (Halperin & Goyette, 2012). •Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been approved …

Gout, Lorrie Listebarger

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Gout is a syndrome caused by an inflammatory response creating an over production of uric acid increasing uric acid levels in the blood and body fluids. Gout is defined as a disorder resulting from tissue deposition of MSU crystals (in joints, bursae, bone, and certain other soft tissues, such as ligaments, tendons and occasionally, skin) and/or crystallization of uric acid within the renal collecting system (tubules and renal pelvis) that typically occurs in acid urine” (Terkeltaub & Edwards, 2013, p. 20). Gout is among the oldest diseases affecting approximately 3.9% of adults in America (Terkeltaub & Edwards, 2013, p. xv). …

Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Mario Bianconi

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

According to “Statistics About Diabetes” (2014), in 2012, 29.1 million Americans, or 9.3% of the population, had diabetes. Additionally, of the 29.1 million, 21 million of the population were diagnosed, and 8.1 million were undiagnosed. With such a high prevalence, it is imperative that the hospital nurse is aware not only how to treat diabetes, but also how to look for complications of diabetes. One of the severe complications of diabetes is Diabetic Ketoacidosis, or DKA. DKA occurs as a result of prolonged untreated diabetes. It is the result of the body not being able to produce, or use, insulin …

Neurological, Nutritional And Cognitive Effects Of Environmental Lead Exposure In Infants And Children, Melissa Bianchi

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Environmental lead exposure is a pertinent public health risk that affects our rural population in Wyandot County, Ohio. Children exposed to lead hazards through toys, home remodeling and contaminated soil and water are at a greater risk for developing neurological, cognitive and behavioral issues than are children not exposed to lead (Cecil et al., 2011). Wyandot County parents are not adequately educated on the risks and consequences of elevated blood lead levels in their children. As a child advocate and director of the Women, Infant and Children program for Wyandot County there is an obligation to educate and inform parents …

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: A Pathophysicological Dilemma, Samantha Davis

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare disease occurring from an adverse reaction to anti-psychotic use. The diagnosis and predictability of the disease is extremely difficult as it mimics other syndromes (Margetić & Aukst-Margetić, 2010). The disease onset can occur when initiating medications, escalating doses, or adding an adjunctive anti-psychotic to the regimen. Although causing the unpredictability, the disease can occur at any dose (Paul, Michael, John, & Lenox, 2012). Further increasing the difficulty of diagnostics, signs and symptoms are very wide spread. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders created a tool to assist in the clinical setting; …

Raynaud’S Phenomenon, Sarah Gasper

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is a widely prevalent clinical disorder commonly seen in outpatient settings. It is characterized by episodic vasospastic attacks of the digital arteries and arterioles that limit blood flow to the extremities, causing severe pain. Temperature changes and stress are the primary triggers that exacerbate this disease. The classic biphasic color changes of RP are pallor, cyanosis, and erythema and commonly affect the fingers and toes and more rarely, the nose, nipples, ears, lips, and penis. RP is divided into subcategories. Primary Raynaud’s phenomenon (PRP) is when no underlying medical disease exists and the condition happens spontaneously. It …

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Tameka Todd

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

The main goal of this project was to educate peers on the pathophysiology of a disease or disorder of choice. The topic to be discussed is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). This topic was chosen based on personal interest in women’s health issues. PCOS is a metabolic disease affecting 5-10 percent of women of childbearing age (Morgan, 2013). Characteristics of PCOS include enlarged ovaries consisting of multiple small cysts surrounding the outer ovary, with unknown cause (Morgan, 2013). Leading to the ovaries producing an increased amount of androgen (male hormones) (Morgan, 2013).

Multiple Sclerosis And The Implications Of Anesthesia, Timothy B. Maiden

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune process characterized by inflammation and demyelination of axons in the brain and spinal cord (Schneider, 2005). According to Maclean (2010), MS is one of the most common debilitating neurological disorders in young adults. My intent of this research project is to explain the pathophysiological process and become familiar with the implications of anesthesia related to MS. This research will enable me to prepare a safe, individualized anesthetic plan, taking all essential precautions when caring for a patient with multiple sclerosis.