Medical Sciences Commons^™

Gut Microbiome Composition Is Linked To Whole Grain-Induced Immunological Improvements, Ines Martinez, James M. Lattimer, Kelcie L. Hubach, Jennifer A. Case, Junyi Yang, Casey G. Weber, Julie A. Louk, Devin J. Rose, Gayaneh Kyureghian, Daniel A. Peterson, Mark D. Haub, Jens Walter

Food for Health: Publications

The involvement of the gut microbiota in metabolic disorders, and the ability of whole grains to affect both host metabolism and gut microbial ecology, suggest that some benefits of whole grains are mediated through their effects on the gut microbiome. Nutritional studies that assess the effect of whole grains on both the gut microbiome and human physiology are needed. We conducted a randomized cross-over trial with four-week treatments in which 28 healthy humans consumed a daily dose of 60 g of whole-grain barley (WGB), brown rice (BR), or an equal mixture of the two (BR+WGB), and characterized their impact on …

Evaluation Of The Role Of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation And Apoptosis In The Pulmonary And The Hepatic Toxicity Induced By Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Following Intratracheal Instillation In Male Sprague-Dawley Rats, Siva Krishna Nalabotu

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The field of nanotechnology is rapidly progressing with potential applications in the automobile, healthcare, electronics, cosmetics, textiles, information technology, and environmental sectors. Nanomaterials are engineered structures with at least one dimension of 100 nanometers or less. With increased applications of nanotechnology, there are increased chances of exposure to manufactured nanomaterials. Recent reports on the toxicity of engineered nanomaterials have given scientific and regulatory agencies concerns over the safety of nanomaterials. Specifically, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has identified fourteen high priority nanomaterials for study. Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles are one among the high priority group. Recent data …

Higher Il-6 And Il6:Igf Ratio In Patients With Barth Syndrome, Lori D. Wilson, Sadeeka Al-Majid, Cyril Rakovski, Christina D. Schwindt

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Background: Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is a serious X-linked genetic disorder associated with mutations in the tafazzin gene (TAZ, also called G4.5). The multi-system disorder is primarily characterized by the following pathologies: cardiac and skeletal myopathies, neutropenia, growth delay, and exercise intolerance. Although growth anomalies have been widely reported in BTHS, there is a paucity of research on the role of inflammation and the potential link to alterations in growth factors levels in BTHS patients.

Methods: Plasma from 36 subjects, 22 patients with Barth Syndrome (0.5 - 24 yrs) and 14 healthy control males (8 - 21 yrs) was …

Targeting The Endocannabinoid System To Reduce Inflammatory Pain, Sudeshna Ghosh

Theses and Dissertations

The endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) exert their effects predominantly through cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, but these actions are short-lived because of rapid hydrolysis by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), respectively. Selective inhibition of either enzyme elevates CNS levels of the appropriate endocannabinoid and produces analgesic effects with fewer psychomimetic side effects than Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary active constituent of marijuana. While cannabinoid receptor agonists and FAAH inhibitors reliably produce anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects in the carrageenan test and other inflammatory pain models, much less is known about the consequences of inhibiting …

Statin-Mediated Attenuation Of Chemokine Expression In Peripheral Nerve Vascular Endothelial Cells, Kelly Ann Langert

Dissertations

Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), a debilitating autoimmune disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system. By up-regulating endothelial expression of chemokines and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), TNF-α facilitates the recruitment and trafficking of autoreactive leukocytes across the blood-nerve barrier and into peripheral nerves, an early pathological hallmark of GBS. Literature indicates that TNF-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) are locally increased in patients with GBS, correlating with disease severity. Similar findings have been demonstrated in an animal model of GBS, experimental autoimmune neuritis …

Neuron To Microglia Communication; A Study Of Cx3cl1 Signaling Implications In Cognitive Function, Inflammation, And Neurodegeneration, Joshua M. Morganti

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

As a consequence of aging, the brain is subject to chronic neuroinflammatory conditions. The resident immune cells of the brain, microglia, act similarly to peripheral macrophages to protect the brain from insults, infection, and physical trauma. However, without proper regulation of their respective host defense mechanisms, these actions can become neurotoxic. In the healthy brain neurons have several signaling systems that directly interact with microglia in order to maintain a calming influence upon their actions, one of particular interest is the chemokine CX3CL1. This chemokine is found predominantly on neurons, while its cognate receptor CX3CR1 is found exclusively on microglia. …

Maternal Immune Dysregulation In The Pathogenesis Of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Interleukin-6 As A Central Mechanism And Therapeutic Target Of Flavonoids, Ellisa Carla Parker-Athill

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Activation of the maternal immune system and resultant maternal cytokine expression due to prenatal infection has been implicated as a significant contributor to the pathology of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Increased maternal interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression, observed clinically and in animal models of prenatal infection, and resultant activation of key signaling pathways, has been shown to be a biological indicator of pathology, and a central component of the pathological mechanism. In animal models of prenatal infection and clinically in pregnancy disorders hallmarked by immunological irregularities and increased IL-6 expression, inhibition of IL-6 has …

Triterpenoid Modulation Of Il-17 And Nrf-2 Expression Ameliorates Neuroinflammation And Promotes Remyelination In Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, Tej K. Pareek, Abdelmadjid Belkadi, Sashi Kesavapany, Anita Zaremba, Sook L. Loh, Lianhua Bai, Mark L. Cohen, Colin Meyer, Karen T. Liby, Robert H. Miller, Michael B. Sporn, John J. Letterio

Dartmouth Scholarship

Inflammatory cytokines and endogenous anti-oxidants are variables affecting disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we demonstrate the dual capacity of triterpenoids to simultaneously repress production of IL-17 and other pro-inflammatory mediators while exerting neuroprotective effects directly through Nrf2-dependent induction of anti-oxidant genes. Derivatives of the natural triterpene oleanolic acid, namely CDDO-trifluoroethyl-amide (CDDO-TFEA), completely suppressed disease in a murine model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), by inhibiting Th1 and Th17 mRNA and cytokine production. Encephalitogenic T cells recovered from treated mice were hypo-responsive to myelin antigen and failed to adoptively transfer the disease. Microarray analyses showed significant suppression of …

Autoimmune Responses To Atherosclerotic Lipids: A Study In Murine Models Of Atherosclerosis And Obesity, Hanjing Wu

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Atherosclerosis is a chronic, complex arterial disease characterized by intimal lipid accumulation and inflammation. A unique lipid-binding molecule, namely cluster of differentiation 1d (CD1d), may impact atherosclerosis. Structurally, CD1d acts as a nonpolymorphic cell-surface receptor, resembling the major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC-I). While MHC-I restricts peptide antigen presentation to T cells, CD1d presents lipid antigens to T cells named CD1d-restrictedd T cells. Although increased expression of CD1d has been found in human plaques, the exact nature of CD1d-recognized lipids in atherosclerosis remains to be determined. Three groups of lipids may undergo oxidation in atherosclerosis producing atherogenic lipids: phospholipids, fatty acids, and …

Gene By Bmi Interactions Influencing C-Reactive Protein Levels In European-Americans, Sarah Tudor

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is a biomarker indicating tissue damage, inflammation, and infection. High-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) is an emerging biomarker often used to estimate an individual’s risk for future coronary heart disease (CHD). hsCRP levels falling below 1.00 mg/l indicate a low risk for developing CHD, levels ranging between 1.00 mg/l and 3.00 mg/l indicate an elevated risk, and levels exceeding 3.00 mg/l indicate high risk. Multiple Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified a number of genetic polymorphisms which influence CRP levels. SNPs implicated in such studies have been found in or near genes of interest including: CRP, APOE, APOC, IL-6, …

Effects Of Canola And Corn Oil Mimetic On Jurkat Cells, Gabriela Ion, Kayla Fazio, Juliana A. Akinsete, W. Elaine Hardman

Biochemistry and Microbiology

BACKGROUND: The Western diet is high in omega-6 fatty acids and low in omega-3 fatty acids. Canola oil contains a healthier omega 3 to omega 6 ratio than corn oil. Jurkat T leukemia cells were treated with free fatty acids mixtures in ratios mimicking that found in commercially available canola oil (7% α-linolenic, 30% linoleic, 54% oleic) or corn oil (59% linoleic, 24% oleic) to determine the cell survival or cell death and changes in expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and receptors following oil treatment.

METHODS: Fatty acid uptake was assessed by gas chromatography. Cell survival and cell death were …

The Interplay Between Nf-Kappab And E2f1 Coordinately Regulates Inflammation And Metabolism In Human Cardiac Cells., Xavier Palomer, David Álvarez-Guardia, Mercy M Davidson, Tung O Chan, Arthur M Feldman, Manuel Vázquez-Carrera

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) inhibition by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is related to a shift towards increased glycolysis during cardiac pathological processes such as cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. The transcription factors estrogen-related receptor-α (ERRα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) regulate PDK4 expression through the potent transcriptional coactivator PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). NF-κB activation in AC16 cardiac cells inhibit ERRα and PPARβ/δ transcriptional activity, resulting in reduced PGC-1α and PDK4 expression, and an enhanced glucose oxidation rate. However, addition of the NF-κB inhibitor parthenolide to these cells prevents the downregulation of PDK4 expression but not ERRα and PPARβ/δ DNA binding activity, …

Targeting The Endocannabinoid System To Reduce Nociception, Lamont Booker

Theses and Dissertations

Pain of various etiologies (e.g., visceral, inflammatory) can be a debilitating disorder that presents a problem of clinical relevance. While it is known that ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) the primary psychoactive constituent found in marijuana produces analgesia in various rodent models of pain, its pharmacological properties are overshadowed by its psychomimetic effects. THC is the primary phytocannabinoid found in marijuana though other prevalent constituents such as the phytocannabinoids (e.g., cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), cannabichromene (CBC), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV)) may possess antinociceptive actions without the psychomimetic effects associated with THC. Indeed, these phytocannabinoids act upon the endocannabinoid system (ECS) that is comprised of the …

Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation, Oxidative Stress, And Inflammation, Mehmet Özaydin

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Postoperative atrial fibrillation is the most common complication of cardiac surgery. It is associated with increased complication rates. Recent trials have suggested that inflammation and oxidative stress have key roles in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation. Current evidence evaluating the use of antiinflammatory and antioxidant agents, including statins, corticosteroids, N-acetylcysteine, vitamin C, and fish oil, to prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation is promising. However, larger randomized, controlled trials comparing different dose regimens are needed.

A Retinoic Acid–Dependent Checkpoint In The Development Of Cd4+ T Cell–Mediated Immunity, Karina Pino-Lagos, Yanxia Guo, Chrysothemis Brown, Matthew P. Alexander, Raúl Elgueta, Kathryn A. Bennett, Victor De Vries, Elizabeth Nowak, Rune Blomhoff, Shanthini Sockanathan, Roshantha A. Chandraratna, Ethan Dmitrovsky, Randolph J. Noelle

Dartmouth Scholarship

It is known that vitamin A and its metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), are essential for host defense. However, the mechanisms for how RA controls inflammation are incompletely understood. The findings presented in this study show that RA signaling occurs concurrent with the development of inflammation. In models of vaccination and allogeneic graft rejection, whole body imaging reveals that RA signaling is temporally and spatially restricted to the site of inflammation. Conditional ablation of RA signaling in T cells significantly interferes with CD4⁺ T cell effector function, migration, and polarity. These findings provide a new perspective of the role of …

A Recombinant Myeloid-Binding Adenovirus For Targeted Pulmonary Gene Therapy, Michael O. Alberti

All ETDs from UAB

Inflammation and airway destruction are hallmarks of many debilitating lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), acute lung injury (ALI), and cancer. Gene-based therapeutic interventions that modulate this pathologic inflammatory response are likely to reduce the progressive destruction to lung airways. In this regard, a number of strategies have been evaluated for targeting the pul-monary vasculature; particularly those based on serotype 5 Adenovirus (Ad5). The ad-vantages of Ad over other vector systems include: in vivo stability, low oncogenic poten-tial, and large packaging capacity. Yet, specific and efficient gene delivery to the lung has been hampered …

The Intestinal Extracellular Matix As An Innate Regulator Of Effector T-Cell Responses, Kayci Renee Huff

All ETDs from UAB

Extracellular matrix (stroma) regulation of mucosal T-cell function is incompletely understood. Here we uncovered a role for intestinal stromal products in the innate regulation of effector T-cells. Stroma-conditioned media (S-CM) derived from normal human intestinal stroma (TGF-&betahi/IL-6lo/IL-1ßlo) significantly down-regulated T-cell proliferation and IFN-&gamma production compared to S-CM derived from inflamed Crohn's mucosa (TGF-&betahi/IL-6hi/IL-1&betahi). Antibody neutralization studies showed that TGF-&beta in normal S-CM inhibited T-cell proliferation and IFN-&gamma production, whereas IL-6 plus IL-1&beta in Crohn's S-CM promoted T-cell proliferation, and the IL-1&beta alone promoted IFN-γ and IL-17 release. Importantly, stromal cells in normal tissue produce TGF-&beta and contribute to mucosal homeostasis …

The Role Of Hiv-1 Proteins In Alzheimer's Disease Pathology, Brian Nelson Giunta

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Prevalence of HIV-associated cognitive impairment is rising, the worst form of which is HIV-associated dementia (HAD). The disease is fuiled by a chronic innate type pro-inflammatory response in the brain which is highly dependent upon the activation of microglia. We first created an in vitro model of HAD composed of cultured microglial cells synergistically activated by the addition of IFN-gamma and the HIV-1 coat glycoprotein, gp120. This activation, as measured by TNF-alpha and NO release, is synergistically attenuated through the alpha7nAChR and p44/42 MAPK system by pretreatment with nicotine, and the cholinesterase inhibitor, galantamine. As these medications have been FDA …

Acetate Causes Alcohol Hangover Headache In Rats., Christina R Maxwell, Rebecca Jay Spangenberg, Jan B Hoek, Stephen D Silberstein, Michael L Oshinsky

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: The mechanism of veisalgia cephalgia or hangover headache is unknown. Despite a lack of mechanistic studies, there are a number of theories positing congeners, dehydration, or the ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde as causes of hangover headache.

METHODS: We used a chronic headache model to examine how pure ethanol produces increased sensitivity for nociceptive behaviors in normally hydrated rats.

RESULTS: Ethanol initially decreased sensitivity to mechanical stimuli on the face (analgesia), followed 4 to 6 hours later by inflammatory pain. Inhibiting alcohol dehydrogenase extended the analgesia whereas inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase decreased analgesia. Neither treatment had nociceptive effects. Direct administration of acetate …

T-Lymphocyte Responses To Intestinally Absorbed Antigens Can Contribute To Adipose Tissue Inflammation And Glucose Intolerance During High Fat Feeding, Yuehui Wang, Jianing Li, Lihua Tang, Yu Wang, Richard Charnigo, Willem De Villiers, Erik Eckhardt

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with inflammation of visceral adipose tissues, which increases the risk for insulin resistance. Animal models suggest that T-lymphocyte infiltration is an important early step, although it is unclear why these cells are attracted. We have recently demonstrated that dietary triglycerides, major components of high fat diets, promote intestinal absorption of a protein antigen (ovalbumin, "OVA"). The antigen was partly transported on chylomicrons, which are prominently cleared in adipose tissues. We hypothesized that intestinally absorbed gut antigens may cause T-lymphocyte associated inflammation in adipose tissue.

METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Triglyceride absorption promoted intestinal absorption of OVA into adipose tissue, …

Proteoglycans In Health And Disease: Novel Regulatory Signaling Mechanisms Evoked By The Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans., Renato V. Iozzo, Liliana Schaefer

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

The small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are involved in many aspects of mammalian biology, both in health and disease. They are now being recognized as key signaling molecules with an expanding repertoire of molecular interactions affecting not only growth factors, but also various receptors involved in controlling cell growth, morphogenesis and immunity. The complexity of SLRP signaling and the multitude of affected signaling pathways can be reconciled with a hierarchical affinity-based interaction of various SLRPs in a cell- and tissue-specific context. Here, we review this interacting network, describe new relationships of the SLRPs with tyrosine kinase and Toll-like receptors and critically …

Association Between Chronic Liver And Colon Inflammation During The Development Of Murine Syngeneic Graft-Versus-Host Disease, Jason Anthony Brandon, Jacqueline Perez-Rodriguez, C. Darrell Jennings, Donald A. Cohen, Vishal J. Sindhava, Subbarao Bondada, Alan M. Kaplan, J. Scott Bryson

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

The murine model of cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced syngeneic graft-versus-host disease (SGVHD) is a bone marrow (BM) transplantation model that develops chronic colon inflammation identical to other murine models of CD4⁺ T cell-mediated colitis. Interestingly, SGVHD animals develop chronic liver lesions that are similar to the early peribiliary inflammatory stages of clinical chronic liver disease, which is frequently associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, studies were initiated to investigate the chronic liver inflammation that develops in the SGVHD model. To induce SGVHD, mice were lethally irradiated, reconstituted with syngeneic BM, and treated with CsA. All of the SGVHD animals …

Transcriptional Suppression Of Mir-29b-1/Mir-29a Promoter By C-Myc, Hedgehog, And Nf-Kappab., Justin L. Mott, Satoshi Kurita, Sophie C. Cazanave, Steven F. Bronk, Nathan W. Werneburg, Martin E. Fernandez-Zapico

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

MicroRNAs regulate pathways contributing to oncogenesis, and thus the mechanisms causing dysregulation of microRNA expression in cancer are of significant interest. Mature mir-29b levels are decreased in malignant cells, and this alteration promotes the malignant phenotype, including apoptosis resistance. However, the mechanism responsible for mir-29b suppression is unknown. Here, we examined mir-29 expression from chromosome 7q32 using cholangiocarcinoma cells as a model for mir-29b downregulation. Using 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends, the transcriptional start site was identified for this microRNA locus. Computational analysis revealed the presence of two putative E-box (Myc-binding) sites, a Gli-binding site, and four NF-kappaB-binding sites …

Prolongation Of Carrageenan-Induced Inflammation In Human Colonic Epithelial Cells By Activation Of An Nfκb-Bcl10 Loop, Alip Borthakur, Sumit Bhattacharyya, Arivarasu N. Anbazhagan, Anoop Kumar, Pradeep K. Dudeja, Joanne K. Tobacman

Clinical & Translational Sciences

Carrageenan, a sulfated polysaccharide that is widely used as a food additive, induces inflammatory responses in animal models and human cells. The carrageenan-induced inflammatory cascades involve tolllike receptor (TLR)4- and B-cell leukemia/lymphoma (BCL)10-dependent activation of NF-κB, leading to increased IL-8 production. Translocations involving BCL10 in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are associated with constitutive activation of NF-κB. This report presents a mechanism by which carrageenan exposure leads to prolonged activation of both BCL10 and NF-κB in human colonic epithelial cells. Study findings demonstrate that nuclear RelA and RelB bind to an NF-κB binding motif in the BCL10 promoter in …

Deficient Cd40-Traf6 Signaling In Leukocytes Prevents Atherosclerosis By Skewing The Immune Response Toward An Antiinflammatory Profile, Esther Lutgens, Dirk Lievens, Linda Beckers, Erwin Wijnands, Oliver Soehnlein, Alma Zernecke, Tom Seijkens, David Engel, Jack Cleutjens, Anna M. Keller, Shalin H. Naike, Louis Boon, Hafid Ait Oufella, Ziad Mallat, Cory L. Ahonen, Randolph J. Noelle, Menno P. De Winther, Mat J. Daemen, Erik A. Biessen, Christian Weber

Dartmouth Scholarship

The CD40–CD40 ligand (CD40L) signaling axis plays an important role in immunological pathways. Consequently, this dyad is involved in chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. Inhibition of CD40L in apolipoprotein E (Apoe)–deficient ( Apoe - / - ) mice not only reduced atherosclerosis but also conferred a clinically favorable plaque phenotype that was low in inflammation and high in fibrosis. Blockade of CD40L may not be therapeutically feasible, as long-term inhibition will compromise systemic immune responses. Conceivably, more targeted intervention strategies in CD40 signaling will have less deleterious side effects. We report that deficiency in hematopoietic CD40 reduces atherosclerosis and induces …

The Effects Of 3-Benzoyl-1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-4 Piperidinolhydrochloride (C1), Indomethacin, Nimesulide And Rofecoxib On Cyclooxygenase Activities In Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema Model, Yaşar Nuri̇ Şahi̇n, Berna Demi̇rcan, Hali̇s Süleyman, Hülya Aksoy, Hali̇se İnci̇ Gül

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 3-benzoyl-1-methyl-4-phenyl-4-piperidinol-hydrochloride (C1), which is a structural and also non-classical isomer of bis Mannich base, bis (3-aryl-3-oxo-propyl) methylamine hydrochlorides (B1), on cyclooxygenase (COX) activities in 48 rats with inflammation by using carrageenan-induced paw edema, and to compare its effect with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Materials and methods: Experimental animals were supplied by the Center of Experimental Research and Practice in Ataturk University. The animals were housed and fed in the laboratory (normal room temparature, food and water) under standard conditions. Rats were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = …

Didox Modulates Reactive Oxygen Species Production And Inflammatory Events Induced By Lipopolysaccharide (Lps) And Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (Ahr) Ligands In Raw 264.7 Murine Macrophages., Thabe Matsebatlela

All Dissertations

Aberrant activation of macrophages during inflammation results in oxidative burst release of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) which are widely accepted to participate in pathogenesis of cancer, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemia/reperfusion injury, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease), rheumatoid arthritis, and ageing. It is demonstrated here that Didox (3,4-Dihydroxybenzohydroxamic acid) possesses antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties that can protect against inflammation and oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligands (PCB126, E804, and IO) in Raw 264.7 murine macrophages. In brief, it is demonstrated here that Didox inhibits LPS-induced oxidative stress, …

Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Activation Induces A Microglial Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype And Reduces Migration Via Mkp Induction And Erk Dephosphorylation, Edgar A. Romero-Sandoval, Ryan Horvath, Russell P. Landry, Joyce A. Deleo

Dartmouth Scholarship

Cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CBR2) inhibits microglial reactivity through a molecular mechanism yet to be elucidated. We hypothesized that CBR2 activation induces an anti-inflammatory phenotype in microglia by inhibiting extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, via mitogen-activated protein kinase-phosphatase (MKP) induction. MKPs regulate mitogen activated protein kinases, but their role in the modulation of microglial phenotype is not fully understood.

Immunomodulatory Effects Of Novel Therapies For Stroke, Aaron A. Hall

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Each year, approximately 795,000 people suffer a new or recurrent stroke. About 610,000 of these are first attacks, and 185,000 are recurrent attacks (Carandang et al. 2006). Currently the only FDA approved treatment for ischemic stroke is recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (Alteplase) (Marler and Goldstein 2003). Unfortunately its use is restricted to a short, 4.5 hour, time window. Two promising therapies in the treatment of stroke at delayed timepoints are human umbilical cord blood cells (HUCBC) and the sigma receptor agonist DTG

The first series of experiments were conducted to characterize the effects of sigma receptors on various aspects of …

Comparison Of Gliclazide Treatment With Diet Therapy On Acute Phase Protein Levels In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Ramazan Memi̇şoğullari, Fati̇h Akçay, Abdurrahman Coşkun, Uğur Korkmaz

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aims: It is known that there is a relationship between diabetic complications and chronic inflammation characterized by alterations in circulating acute phase proteins. It has been emphasized that inflammation contributes to diabetic complications and that gliclazide -an antidiabetic sulfonylurea - decreases the development of such complications. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether gliclazide or diet treatment has an effect on serum levels of acute phase reactants, markers of inflammation. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes and 30 clinically healthy subjects were evaluated prospectively. Twenty-six patients were treated with proper diet and daily gliclazide …