Medical Sciences Commons^™

Recovery From Visual Dysfunction Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Is Associated With Adaptive Reorganization Of Retinal Inputs To Lateral Geniculate Nucleus In The Mouse Model Utilizing Central Fluid Percussion Injury., Vishal C. Patel

Theses and Dissertations

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality nationwide. Prevalence of mild TBI (mTBI) vastly outnumbers more severe forms however the associated morbidity has only recently gained public attention. Visual dysfunction is a significant component of mTBI associated morbidity with recovery of function linked with improvement in global outcomes. Examination of sensory and motor pathways in other brain injury paradigms support that recovery is largely dependent on adaptive plasticity of remaining connections. Current examinations of visual function recovery following mTBI is limited to identifying evidence for recovery and objective evidence for adaptive plasticity is limited. Therefore, …

Integration Of Multi-Omic Platforms To Understand The Regulation Of Genes In Human Disease, Eva Lancaster

Theses and Dissertations

Epigenetic mechanisms have been hypothesized to modify gene expression (GE) in response to both genetic variation and environmental exposures, ultimately contributing to the development of complex traits. Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) aim to test the theory that marks of DNA methylation (DNAm) have downstream consequences that result in the development of complex diseases. Although these methods have been successful in identifying DNAm patterns in complex traits, specific molecular mechanisms involved in the etiology of complex diseases remain unidentified. This knowledge gap does not originate from a lack of DNAm-trait associations, but rather stems from study design issues that affect the …

Quantifying The Heterogeneity Of The Immunoglobulin G N-Glycome In An Ageing Australian Population: The Busselton Healthy Ageing Study, Alyce Russell

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The use of immunoglobulin G N-glycomics to study chronic non-communicable disorders and other complex phenotypes emerged following the Human Genome Project. The consortium discovered that most phenotypes were too complex to be explained by genetics alone. Thus, the biological importance of epigenetics was recognised; heritable modifications to gene expression rather than the genome itself. Nglycosylation is a form of epigenetic regulation known as a post-translational modification. It stabilises the immunoglobulin G structure and alters downstream responses elicited by the antibody and is extensively studied as a candidate biomarker in the post-genomic era.

The N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin G itself is complex, …

The Effect Of The Senolytic Abt-263 On Androgen Deprivation-Induced Senescent Prostate Tumor Cells, So Min Lee

Theses and Dissertations

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in men. Although standard treatments such as androgen deprivation therapies (ADT) and antiandrogens have increased survival for many patients, most men placed on these therapies will develop castration-resistant disease (CRPC). Previous studies have shown that these treatments have limited cytotoxicity and instead promote cell growth arrest. Our current work demonstrates that prostate tumor cells grown in the absence of androgens by using charcoal-stripped serum undergo senescence-mediated or senescent-like growth arrest, based on the cellular expression of senescence-associated-beta-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal). Our studies further suggest that this senescence is transient and …

Copper/N-Acetylcysteine Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesis, Characterization, And Antimicrobial Activities, Danya Belnour

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

In recent years, there is a growing interest in developing metal based antimicrobial nanomaterials suitable for agricultural and biomedical applications. For centuries, Copper (Cu) biocide has been used for protecting a wide variety of crops from devastating bacterial and fungal diseases. However, prolonged and aggressive use of Cu led to the development of resistance and accumulation in soil. The latter has been linked to aquatic toxicity due to soil Cu leaching. Furthermore, copper build up in soil causes phytotoxicity and reduces uptake of micronutrient Zn through the root system. In biomedical field, Cu has been historically used as an antimicrobial …

การศึกษาตามขวางเปรียบเทียบความชุกของผู้ติดเชื้อวัณโรคระยะแฝง ในนิสิตแพทย์ชั้นปรีคลินิก และนิสิตแพทย์ชั้นคลินิกโดยวิธี ควอนติเฟอรอนทีบีโกลพลัส และการทดสอบวัณโรคทางผิวหนัง, นันทนา จำปา

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ที่มา นิสิตแพทย์เป็นกลุ่มประชากรที่มีความเสี่ยงสูงที่จะติดเชื้อวัณโรคจากผู้ป่วยในโรงพยาบาลและกลายเป็นวัณโรคชนิดมีอาการที่สามารถแพร่กระจายได้โดยเฉพาะในโรงพยาบาลของประเทศที่มีความชุกของผู้ติดเชื้อวัณโรคสูง วัตถุประสงค์ เพื่อที่จะหาความชุกของนิสิตแพทย์ที่ติดเชื้อวัณโรคระยะแฝงเปรียบเทียบกันระหว่างนิสิตแพทย์ชั้นปีที่ 4 ที่เพิ่งผ่านการเรียนการสอนในชั้นปรีคลินิกและนิสิตแพทย์ชั้นปีที่ 6 ที่ผ่านการสัมผัสผู้ป่วยในโรงพยาบาลมาแล้วอย่างน้อย 2 ปี โดยการใช้วิธีการตรวจ QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) และการทดสอบวัณโรคทางผิวหนัง (Tuberculin Skin Test) วิธีการวิจัย เป็นการศึกษาแบบตัดขวางในอาสาสมัครนิสิตแพทย์ชั้นปีที่ 4 และนิสิตแพทย์ชั้นปีที่ 6 ที่กำลังศึกษาอยู่ในคณะแพทยศาสตร์จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย โดยนิสิตที่สมัครใจเข้าร่วมการศึกษาจะได้รับการตรวจ QFT-Plus จากการเก็บตัวอย่างเลือด และบางส่วนของนิสิตที่เขาร่วมการศึกษาจะได้รับการทดสอบ TST หลังจากการเจาะเลือด โดยก่อนหน้าเข้าเก็บตัวอย่างนิสิตแพทย์อาสาสมัครจะต้องทำแบบสอบถามเกี่ยวกับความเสี่ยงในการได้รับเชื้อวัณโรค ผลการศึกษา มีนิสิตสนใจเข้าการศึกษาทั้งหมด 158 คน โดยความชุกของผู้ติดเชื้อวัณโรคระยะแฝงโดยวิธี QFT-Plus รวมทั้งหมดมี 10 คน คิดเป็นร้อยละ 6.3 โดยแบ่งเป็นความชุกในนิสิตแพทย์ชั้นปีที่ 6 คิดเป็นร้อยละ 9.4 และความชุกของนิสิตแพทย์ชั้นปีที่ 4 ร้อยละ 2.7 โดยไม่พบความสัมพันธ์กับเสี่ยงของการติดเชื้อวัณโรคกับปัจจัยอื่นที่เกี่ยวข้องอย่างมีนัยยะสำคัญทางสถิติเมื่อทำการวิเคราะห์แบบพหุตัวแปร โดยในการศึกษานี้นิสิตส่วนมาก ร้อยละ 88 ให้ประวัติว่าเคยได้รับวัคซีน BCG ตั้งแต่เด็ก นอกจากนั้นในรายที่ให้ผลบวกจากการทดสอบ QFT-Plus และ TST ไมีมีนิสิตที่มีผลภาพรังสีปอดที่ผิดปกติ โดยจากนิสิตที่เข้าการศึกษาทั้งหมด 158 ราายมีนิสิตจำนวน 41 ราย คิดเป็นร้อยละ 25.9 สมัครใจรับการทดสอบ TST โดยพบว่าหากใช้จุดตัดของ TST ตามมาตรฐานที่ตั้งแต่ 10 มิลลิเมตรขึ้นไป พบว่ามี 6 รายให้ผลบวกสอดคล้องกับ QFT-Plus และมี 4 รายที่ TST ให้ผลลบ ไม่สอดคล้องกับ QFT-Plus เมื่อคิดค่าความสอดคล้องกันระหว่างการทดสอบทั้ง 2 พบว่ามีความสอดคล้องกันในระดับปานกลาง สรุป การตรวจคัดกรองผู้ป่วยที่ติดเชื้อวัณโรคในบุคลากรใหม่ที่เข้ามาทำงานในโรงพยาบาลโดยเฉพาะนิสิตแพทย์มีความสำคัญในการช่วยลดการแพร่กระจายอุบัติการของการเกิดวัณโรคติดต่อภายในโรงพยาบาล ในการศึกษานี้พบว่าในนิสิตแพทย์ปี 6 มีค่าความชุกของผู้ป่วยวัณโรคแฝง สูงกว่านิสิตแพทย์ชั้นปี 4 ดังนั้นประชากรกลุ่มนิสิตนี้จึงมีความเสี่ยงสูงที่จะได้รับบเชื้อวัณโรคจากการฝึกปฏิบัติงานในโรงพยาบาล แม้ว่าจากการศึกษานี้มีจำนวนผนิสิตที่เข้าร่วมปริมาณไม่มากจนสามารถแสดงให้เห็นถึงความเสี่ยงของชั้นปี …

The Application Of Machine Learning Models In The Concussion Diagnosis Process, Sujit Subhash

Masters Theses

“Concussions represent a growing health concern and are challenging to diagnose and manage. Roughly four million concussions are diagnosed every year in the United States. Although research into the application of advanced metrics such as neuroimages and blood biomarkers has shown promise, they are yet to be implemented at a clinical level due to cost and reliability concerns. Therefore, concussion diagnosis is still reliant on clinical evaluations of symptoms, balance, and neurocognitive status and function. The lack of a universal threshold on these assessments makes the diagnosis process entirely reliant on a physician’s interpretation of these assessment scores. This study …

Genomic-Based Identification Of Environmental And Clinical Listeria Monocytogenes Strains Associated With An Abortion Outbreak In Beef Heifers, Katherine J. Whitman, James L. Bono, Michael L. Clawson, John D. Loy, Joseph M. Bosilevac, Terrance M. Arthur, Jeff D. Ondrak

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: In a beef cattle facility an outbreak of abortions occurred over a 36-day period and included samples from two aborted (non-viable) fetuses and 21 post-abortion clinical cases. There are numerous etiologies, including clinical listeriosis. At the species level, Listeria monocytogenes is ubiquitous in cattle production environments, including soil, feed, and occasionally water sources, and is a common enteric resident of cattle and other mammals. There are four genetically distinct lineages of L. monocytogenes (I-IV), with most lineage III and IV isolates obtained from ruminants. Definitive diagnosis of L. monocytogenes as a causative agent in disease outbreaks relies upon case …

Uterine Torsion Dystocia Complicated By Perosomus Elumbis In An Angus Calf Associated With A Consanguineous Mating, Alyssa B. Helms, Riley E. Thompson, Sam Lawton, Jessica L. Petersen, Allison Watson, Mee-Ja Sula, David J. Steffen, Brian K. Whitlock

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

A six-year-old multiparous Angus cow was presented for dystocia. Vaginal and rectal examinations revealed an approximately 360° counterclockwise uterine torsion. The torsion was corrected by rolling the cow counterclockwise (three episodes) with the aid of a plank coupled with manual detorsion via the vagina. The placement of obstetric chains followed by manual traction ultimately delivered a stillborn male calf with evidence of vertebral aplasia, arthrogryposis, and abdominal organ herniation. Patient history and subsequent parentage verification revealed that the calf was the result of a consanguineous (mother to son) mating. Tissue samples from the affected calf and blood samples from the …

Identification Of Immunogenic Epitopes That Permit The Detection Of Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses In Multiple Serotypes Of Group B Coxsackievirus Infections, Ninaad Lasrado, Arunakumar Gangaplara, Rajkumar Arumugam, Chandirasegara Massilamany, Sayli Pokal, Yuzhen Zhou, Shi-Hua Xiang, David Steffen, Jay Reddy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Coxsackievirus group B (CVB) contains six serotypes that can affect various organs. Some of these organ-specific diseases such as myocarditis and pancreatitis can be caused by more than one serotype. Thus, development of immunological tools common to multiple serotypes is desired. This is especially critical for analyzing antigen-specific T cell responses at a single cell level. To this end, we made efforts to identify the immunogenic epitopes of CVB3 leading us to localize three T cell epitopes within the viral protein 1 (VP1) namely, VP1 681–700, VP1 721–740 and VP1 771–790. First, we confirmed their immunogenicity in the immunization settings. …

First Records Of Established Populations Of Ixodes Scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) Collected From Three Nebraska Counties, Lindsey E. Nielsen, Roberto Cortinas, Paul D. Fey, Peter C. Iwen, David H. Nielsen

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Reported cases of Lyme disease in Nebraska have been assumed to be imported from other endemic areas. Previous surveillance efforts provided no evidence of established populations as only individual specimens of Ixodes scapularis (Say) had been collected. In the winter of 2018, adult I. scapularis were found on a dog at Two Rivers State Recreation Area, Douglas County, prompting tick collection at the site and nearby natural areas. In May 2019, all life stages of host-seeking I. scapularis were collected using dragging and flagging techniques in sites located near the Platte River in Douglas, Sarpy, and Saunders counties. This is …

Methods Of Treating Or Preventing Zika Virus Infection, Shi-Hua Xiang, Nicholas Palermo, Asit K. Pattnaik, Aryamay Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

This document relates to methods and materials for treating a mammal having a Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. For example, a composition including one or more non-nucleoside RNA polymerase inhibitors can be administered to a mammal having, or at risk of developing, a ZIKV infection to treat the mammal.

Evaluation Of A Baculovirus-Expressed Vp2 Subunit Vaccine For The Protection Of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) From Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease, Sun Young Sunwoo, Leela E. Noronha, Igor Morozov, Jessie D. Trujilo, In Joong Kim, Erin E. Schirtzinger, Bonto Faburary, Barbara S. Drolet, Kinga Urbaniak, D. Scott Mcvey, David A. Meekins, Mitchell V. Palmer, Velmurugan Balaraman, William C. Wilson, Juergen A. Richt

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is an arthropod-transmitted RNA virus and the causative agent of epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) in wild and domestic ruminants. In North America, white-tailed deer (WTD) experience the highest EHD-related morbidity and mortality, although clinical disease is reported in cattle during severe epizootics. No commercially licensed EHDV vaccine is available in North America. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a subunit vaccine candidate to control EHD in WTD. Recombinant VP2 (rVP2) outer capsid proteins of EHDV serotypes 2 (EHDV-2) and 6 (EHDV-6) were produced in a baculovirus-expression system. Mice and cattle vaccinated …

Mitochondrial Metabolism In Astrocytes Regulates Brain Bioenergetics, Neurotransmission And Redox Balance, Jordan Rose, Christian Brian, Aglaia Pappa, Mihalis I. Panayiotidi, Rodrigo Franco

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

In the brain, mitochondrial metabolism has been largely associated with energy production, and its dysfunction is linked to neuronal cell loss. However, the functional role of mitochondria in glial cells has been poorly studied. Recent reports have demonstrated unequivocally that astrocytes do not require mitochondria to meet their bioenergetics demands. Then, the question remaining is, what is the functional role of mitochondria in astrocytes? In this work, we review current evidence demonstrating that mitochondrial central carbon metabolism in astrocytes regulates overall brain bioenergetics, neurotransmitter homeostasis and redox balance. Emphasis is placed in detailing carbon source utilization (glucose and fatty acids), …

Mechanisms Of Sex Hormones In Autoimmunity: Focus On Eae, Ninaad Lasrado, Ting Jia, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Rodrigo Franco, Zsolt Illes, Jay Reddy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Sex-related differences in the occurrence of autoimmune diseases is well documented, with females showing a greater propensity to develop these diseases than their male counterparts. Sex hormones, namely dihydrotestosterone and estrogens, have been shown to ameliorate the severity of inflammatory diseases. Immunologically, the beneficial effects of sex hormones have been ascribed to the suppression of effector lymphocyte responses accompanied by immune deviation from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokine production. In this review, we present our view of the mechanisms of sex hormones that contribute to their ability to suppress autoimmune responses with an emphasis on the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Evidence For Anti-Viral Effects Of Complete Freund’S Adjuvant In The Mouse Model Of Enterovirus Infection, Arunakumar Gangaplara, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Ninaad Lasrado, David J. Steffen, Jay Reddy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Group B coxsackieviruses (CVBs) belonging to the genus, Enterovirus and contain six serotypes that induce various diseases, whose occurrence may involve the mediation of more than one serotype. We recently identified immunogenic epitopes within coxsackieviruses B3 (CVB3) viral protein 1 that induce anti-viral T cell responses in mouse models of CVB infections. In our investigations to determine the protective responses of the viral epitopes, we unexpectedly noted that animals immunized with complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) alone and later challenged with CVB3 were completely protected against myocarditis. Similarly, the pancreatitis-inducing ability of CVB3 was remarkably reduced to only 10% in the …

Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Reverse Genetics And The Major Applications, Jayeshbhai Chaudhari, Hiep Vu

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a positive sense, single-stranded RNA virus that is known to infect only pigs. The virus emerged in the late 1980s and became endemic in most swine producing countries, causing substantial economic losses to the swine industry. The first reverse genetics system for PRRSV was reported in 1998. Since then, several infectious cDNA clones for PRRSV have been constructed. The availability of these infectious cDNA clones has facilitated the genetic modifications of the viral genome at precise locations. Common approaches to manipulate the viral genome include site-directed mutagenesis, deletion of viral genes or …

An Evidence For Surface Expression Of An Immunogenic Epitope Of Sarcoplasmic/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Atpase2a On Antigen-Presenting Cells From Naive Mice In The Mediation Of Autoimmune Myocarditis, Rajkumar Arumugam, Bharathi Yalaka, Chandirasegara Massilamany, Ms Shihabudeen Haider Ali, Ninaad Lasrado, Sabarirajan Jayaraja, Jean-Jack Riethoven, Xinghui Sun, Jay Reddy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

We recently reported identification of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase2a (SERCA2a) 971–990, which induces atrial myocarditis by generating autoreactive T cells in A/J mice. However, it was unknown how antigen-sensitized T cells could recognize SERCA2a 971–990, since SERCA2a-expression is confined to an intracellular compartment. In this report, we present evidence that antigen-presenting cells (APCs) from lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs in naïve animals present SERCA2a 971–990 and stimulate antigen-specific T cells. Using major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II dextramers for SERCA2a 971–990, we created a panel of T cell hybridomas and demonstrated that splenocytes from naïve A/J mice stimulated the hybridoma cells without …

Viral Myocarditis Involves The Generation Of Autoreactive T Cells With Multiple Antigen Specificities That Localize In Lymphoid And Non-Lymphoid Organs In The Mouse Model Of Cvb3 Infection, Rakesh H. Basavalingappa, Rajkumar Arumugam, Ninaad Lasrado, Bharathi Yalaka, Chandirasegara Massilamany, Arunakumar Gangaplara, Jean-Jack Riethoven, Shi-Hua Xiang, David Steffen, Jay Reddy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Autoreactive T cells may contribute to post-viral myocarditis induced with Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), but the underlying mechanisms of their generation are unclear. Here, we have comprehensively analyzed the generation of antigen-specific, autoreactive T cells in the mouse model of CVB3 infection for antigens implicated in patients with myocarditis/dilated cardiomyopathy. First, comparative analysis of CVB3 proteome with five autoantigens led us to identify three mimicry epitopes, one each from adenine nucleotide translocator 1 (ANT), sarcoplasmic/ endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) and cardiac troponin I. None of these induced cross-reactive T cell responses. Next, we generated major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class …

Potential Roles Of Extracellular Vesicles In The Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, And Treatment Of Autoimmune Diseases., Jing Tian, Giacomo Casella, Yuan Zhang, Abdolmohamad Rostami, Xing Li

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Since extracellular vesicles (EVs) were discovered in 1983 in sheep reticulocytes samples, they have gradually attracted scientific attention and become a topic of great interest in the life sciences field. EVs are small membrane particles, released by virtually every cell that carries a variety of functional molecules. Their main function is to deliver messages to the surrounding area in both physiological and pathological conditions. Initially, they were thought to be either cell debris, signs of cell death, or unspecific structures. However, accumulating evidence support a theory that EVs are a universal mechanism of communication. Thanks to their biological characteristics and …

The Effect Of Hibiscus.Sabdariffa. L On Blood Pressure And Arterial Stiffness In Humans, Basirat Tolulope Shittu

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the foremost cause of death worldwide. The main risk factor for CVD is uncontrolled hypertension (HTN). The prescription of only anti-hypertensive regimens in the management of HTN is becoming more challenging due to the high cost and adverse effects linked to the persistent usage of the drugs. Eighteen participants completed the study by consuming 2g of Hibiscus sabdariffa or oolong tea twice daily for six weeks. We lost an additional twelve participants in the study due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Central arterial stiffness was analyzed as cfPWV using applanation tonometry technique. The HS tea intervention (n=11) …

The Antibacterial And Anti-Biofilm Activity Of Metal Complexes Incorporating 3,6,9- Trioxaundecanedioate And 1,10-Phenanthroline Ligands In Clinical Isolates Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa From Irish Cystic Fibrosis Patients, Megan O'Shaughnessy, Pauraic Mccarron, Livia Viganor, Malachy Mccann, Michael Devereux, Orla L. Howe

Articles

Chronic infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are problematic in Ireland where inherited CF is prevalent. The bacteria's capacity to form a biofilm in its pathogenesis is highly virulent and leads to decreased susceptibility to most antibiotic treatments. Herein, we present the activity profiles of the Cu(II), Mn(II) and Ag(I) tdda-phen chelate complexes {[Cu(3,6,9-tdda)(phen)2].3H2O.EtOH}n (Cu-tdda-phen), {[Mn(3,6,9-tdda)(phen)2].3H2O.EtOH}n (Mn-tdda-phen) and [Ag2(3,6,9-tdda)(phen)4].EtOH (Ag-tdda-phen) (tddaH2 = 3,6,9-trioxaundecanedioic acid; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) towards clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa derived from Irish CF patients in comparison to two reference laboratory strains (ATCC 27853 and PAO1). The effects of the metal-tdda-phen …

The Antiviral Activity Of Lichen Metabolites Against Dengue Virus, Naphat Loeanurit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Dengue fever is one of the mosquito-borne infectious diseases globally. Currently, no specific treatment was established. Depsidones and depsides are one of the most common lichen secondary metabolites produced for the organism’s survival in extreme environments. These compounds have been reported as antivirals against the other virus in Flaviviridae family, hepatitis C virus. In this study, depsidones and depsides were explored for anti-dengue efficacy and cellular toxicity. One depsidone, VK-0014, and two depsides, TT-031 and TT-032, exhibited an anti-DENV2 with effective concentration (EC50) of 17.42 ± 3.21, 2.43 ± 0.19, and 0.91 ± 0.15 µM, respectively. Cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) in …

การศึกษาอุบัติการณ์การหายของภาวะเลือดออกในสมองจากการตรวจพบโดยเอกซเรย์คอมพิวเตอร์ในผู้ป่วยโรคสมองขาดเลือดระยะเฉียบพลันที่ได้รับการรักษาด้วยการฉีดยาละลายลิ่มเลือดทางหลอดเลือดดำในโรงพยาบาลจุฬาลงกรณ์, พาทิศ หาญไชยพิบูลย์กุล

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

วัตถุประสงค์ : ภาวะเลือดออกในสมองของผู้ป่วยโรคสมองขาดเลือดระยะเฉียบพลันเป็นภาวะแทรกซ้อนที่สำคัญของการรักษาด้วยการฉีดยาละลายลิ่มเลือดทางหลอดเลือดดำทำให้ผู้ป่วยมีอาการทางระบบประสาทที่แย่ลงและอาจสัมพันธ์กับการเสียชีวิต การศึกษานี้จึงมีจุดประสงค์ที่จะศึกษาการหายของเลือดในสมองจาการตรวจพบโดยเอกซเรย์คอมพิวเตอร์สมองและปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้อง วิธีการวิจัย : ทำการศึกษาย้อนหลังผู้ป่วยโรคสมองขาดเลือดระยะเฉียบพลันที่มีภาวะเลือดออกในสมองในช่วง 24 ชั่วโมงแรกหลังการรักษาด้วยการฉีดย่าละลายลิ่มเลือดทางหลอดเลือดดำและเป็นผู้ป่วยในโรงพยาบาลจุฬาลงกรณ์ตั้งแต่เดือนมกราคม พ.ศ.2552 ถึง เดือนมิถุนายน พ.ศ.2561 ผลการศึกษา : มีผู้ป่วยโรคสมองขาดเลือดเฉียบพลันทั้งหมด 710 ราย มีผู้ป่วยที่มีเลือดออกในสมองทั้งหมดที่เข้าการศึกษา 80 ราย พบว่าค่าเฉลี่ยของเวลาที่เลือดออกในสมองหายหมดในผู้ป่วยทั้งหมดเท่ากับ 22.37 วัน (SD = 17.18) สรุปผลการศึกษา : ผลการศึกษานี้อาจจะนำไปประยุกต์ใช้ในการเลือกเวลาที่จะตรวจติดตามเอกซเรย์คอมพิวเตอร์ตามเวลาที่เป็นค่าเฉลี่ยผู้ป่วยแต่ละกลุ่ม โดยในผู้ป่วยที่มีเลือดออกประเภท HI1 อาจจะพิจารณาตรวจที่วันที่ 10 ผู้ป่วยที่มีเลือดออกประเภท HI2 และ PH1 อาจจะพิจารณาตรวจในวันที่ 20 หลังพบเลือดออกในสมอง และผู้ป่วยในกลุ่ม PH2 พิจารณาตรวจเอกซเรย์สมองในวันที่ 35

Mechanisms Of Value-Biased Prioritization In Fast Sensorimotor Decision Making, Kivilcim Afacan-Seref

Dissertations and Theses

In dynamic environments, split-second sensorimotor decisions must be prioritized according to potential payoffs to maximize overall rewards. The impact of relative value on deliberative perceptual judgments has been examined extensively, but relatively little is known about value-biasing mechanisms in the common situation where physical evidence is strong but the time to act is severely limited. This research examines the behavioral and electrophysiological indices of how value biases split-second perceptual decisions and the possible mechanisms underlying the process. In prominent decision models, a noisy but statistically stationary representation of sensory evidence is integrated over time to an action-triggering bound, and value-biases …

Impact Of A Multimodal Exercise Program On Tibial Bone Health In Adolescents With Development Coordination Disorder: An Examination Of Feasibility And Potential Efficacy, Jocelyn L. Tan, Aris Siafarikas, Timo Rantalainen, Nicolas H. Hart, Fleur Mcintyre, Beth Hands, Paola Chivers

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2020, International Society of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions. All rights reserved. Objectives: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) compromises bone health purportedly due to lower levels of physical activity. The potential of an exercise intervention to improve bone health parameters in adolescents with DCD has not previously been studied. This study thus aimed to determine the impact of a multimodal exercise intervention on bone health in this population at-risk of secondary osteoporosis. Methods: Twenty-eight adolescents (17 male, 11 female) aged between 12-17 years (Mage =14.1) with DCD participated in a twice weekly, 13-week generalised multimodal exercise intervention. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography …

One-Year Outcome And Adherence To Pharmacological Guidelines In First-Episode Schizophrenia: Results From A Consecutive Cohort Study, Petros Drosos, Kolbjørn Brønnick, Inge Joa, Jan Olav Johannessen, Erik Johnsen, Rune Andreas Kroken, Helen Joy Stain, Wenche Ten Velden Hegelstad, Tor Ketil Larsen

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. Background Remission in schizophrenia is difficult to achieve. Antipsychotic drugs are critical in the treatment of schizophrenia. International guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia recommend a 3-step algorithm with clozapine being the third-line antipsychotic agent. This study investigated the 1-year outcome and the application of the guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of nonremitted first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients during the first year of follow-up. Methods A sample of 78 FES patients from the Norwegian TIPS (Early Treatment and Intervention in Psychosis) 2 study was assessed at the end of the first year …

Muscular And Physical Response To An Agility And Repeated Sprint Tests According To The Level Of Competition In Futsal Players, Jorge García-Unanue, José Luis Felipe, David Bishop, Enrique Colino, Esther Ubago-Guisado, Jorge López-Fernández, Enrique Hernando, Leonor Gallardo, Javier Sánchez-Sánchez

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© Copyright © 2020 García-Unanue, Felipe, Bishop, Colino, Ubago-Guisado, López-Fernández, Hernando, Gallardo and Sánchez-Sánchez. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuromuscular response to an agility and repeated sprint ability (RSA) test according to the level of competition in futsal players. A total of 33 players from two elite teams and one amateur team participated in the study. The participants completed an agility t-test, a 30 m-speed test, and a RSA test. A countermovement jump (CMJ) test and a tensiomyography test of the rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) of both legs were carried out before and …

Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Concentration Predicts Brain Atrophy And Cognition In Alzheimer's Disease, Kunal Dhiman, Veer Bala Gupta, Victor L. Villemagne, Dhamidhu Eratne, Petra L. Graham, Christopher Fowler, Pierrick Bourgeat, Qiao-Xin Li, Steven Collins, Ashley I. Bush, Christopher C. Rowe, Colin L. Masters, David Ames, Eugene Hone, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Ralph N. Martins

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Introduction
This study assessed the utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light (NfL) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis, its association with amyloid and tau pathology, as well as its potential to predict brain atrophy, cognition, and amyloid accumulation.
Methods
CSF NfL concentration was measured in 221 participants from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers & Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL).
Results
CSF NfL levels as well as NfL/amyloid β (Aβ42) were significantly elevated in AD compared to healthy controls (HC; P < .001), and in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared to HC (P = .008 NfL; P< .001 NfL/Aβ42). CSF NfL and NfL/Aβ42 differentiated AD from HC with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.84 and 0.90, respectively. CSF NfL and NfL/Aβ42 predicted cortical amyloid load, brain atrophy, and cognition.
Discussion
CSF NfL is a biomarker of neurodegeneration, correlating with cognitive impairment and brain neuropathology.

Novel Random Forest Methods And Algorithms For Autism Spectrum Disorders Research, Afrooz Jahedi

CGU Theses & Dissertations

Random Forest (RF) is a flexible, easy to use machine learning algorithm that was proposed by Leo Breiman in 2001 for building a predictor ensemble with a set of decision trees that grow in randomly selected subspaces of data. Its superior prediction accuracy has made it the most used algorithms in the machine learning field. In this dissertation, we use the random forest as the main building block for creating a proximity matrix for multivariate matching and diagnostic classification problems that are used for autism research (as an exemplary application). In observational studies, matching is used to optimize the balance …