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Articles 241 - 270 of 295

Full-Text Articles in Medical Sciences

Thalamocortical Connectivity Correlates With Phenotypic Variability In Dystonia, An Vo, W. Sako, M. Niethammer, M. Carbon, S. B. Bressman, A. M. Ulug, D. Eidelberg Jan 2014

Thalamocortical Connectivity Correlates With Phenotypic Variability In Dystonia, An Vo, W. Sako, M. Niethammer, M. Carbon, S. B. Bressman, A. M. Ulug, D. Eidelberg

Journal Articles

Dystonia is a brain disorder characterized by abnormal involuntary movements without defining neuropathological changes. The disease is often inherited as an autosomal-dominant trait with incomplete penetrance. Individuals with dystonia, whether inherited or sporadic, exhibit striking phenotypic variability, with marked differences in the somatic distribution and severity of clinical manifestations. In the current study, we used magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging to identify microstructural changes associated with specific limb manifestations. Functional MRI was used to localize specific limb regions within the somatosensory cortex. Microstructural integrity was preserved when assessed in subrolandic white matter regions somatotopically related to the clinically involved limbs, …

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Regional Brain Metabolism In A Murine Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Model, An Vo, B. T. Volpe, C. C. Tang, W. K. Schiffer, C. Kowal, P. T. Huerta, A. M. Ulug, S. L. Dewey, D. Eidelberg, B. Diamond Jan 2014

Regional Brain Metabolism In A Murine Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Model, An Vo, B. T. Volpe, C. C. Tang, W. K. Schiffer, C. Kowal, P. T. Huerta, A. M. Ulug, S. L. Dewey, D. Eidelberg, B. Diamond

Journal Articles

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by multiorgan inflammation, neuropsychiatric disorders (NPSLE), and antinuclear antibodies. We previously identified a subset of anti-DNA antibodies (DNRAb) cross-reactive with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, present in 30% to 40% of patients, able to enhance excitatory post-synaptic potentials and trigger neuronal apoptosis. DNRAb + mice exhibit memory impairment or altered fear response, depending on whether the antibody penetrates the hippocampus or amygdala. Here, we used 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) microPET to plot changes in brain metabolism after regional blood-brain barrier (BBB) breach. In DNRAb + mice, metabolism declined at the site of BBB breach in the first 2 …

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Consistent Abnormalities In Metabolic Network Activity In Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder, P. Wu, H. Yu, S. C. Peng, Y. Dauvilliers, J. Wang, J. J. Ge, H. W. Zhang, D. Eidelberg, Y. L. Ma, C. T. Zuo Jan 2014

Consistent Abnormalities In Metabolic Network Activity In Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder, P. Wu, H. Yu, S. C. Peng, Y. Dauvilliers, J. Wang, J. J. Ge, H. W. Zhang, D. Eidelberg, Y. L. Ma, C. T. Zuo

Journal Articles

Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder has been evaluated using Parkinson's disease-related metabolic network. It is unknown whether this disorder is itself associated with a unique metabolic network. F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography was performed in 21 patients (age 65.0 +/- 5.6 years) with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and 21 age/gender-matched healthy control subjects (age 62.5 +/- 7.5 years) to identify a disease-related pattern and examine its evolution in 21 hemi-parkinsonian patients (age 62.6 +/- 5.0 years) and 16 moderate parkinsonian patients (age 56.9 +/- 12.2 years). We identified a rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder-related metabolic network …

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Circulating Biomarkers For Detection Of Ovarian Cancer And Predicting Cancer Outcomes, I. Shapira, M. Oswald, J. Lovecchio, H. Khalili, A. Menzin, Jill Whyte, L. Dos Santos, S. Liang, T. Bhuiya, M. Keogh, C. Mason, K. Sultan, D. Budman, P. K. Gregersen, A. T. Lee Jan 2014

Circulating Biomarkers For Detection Of Ovarian Cancer And Predicting Cancer Outcomes, I. Shapira, M. Oswald, J. Lovecchio, H. Khalili, A. Menzin, Jill Whyte, L. Dos Santos, S. Liang, T. Bhuiya, M. Keogh, C. Mason, K. Sultan, D. Budman, P. K. Gregersen, A. T. Lee

Journal Articles

Background: Securing a diagnosis of ovarian cancer and establishing means to predict outcomes to therapeutics remain formidable clinical challenges. Early diagnosis is particularly important since survival rates are markedly improved if tumour is detected early. Methods: Comprehensive miRNA profiles were generated on presurgical plasma samples from 42 women with confirmed serous epithelial ovarian cancer, 36 women diagnosed with a benign neoplasm, and 23 comparably age-matched women with no known pelvic mass. Results: Twenty-two miRNAs were differentially expressed between healthy controls and the ovarian cancer group (P

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Brain Region-Specific Alterations In The Gene Expression Of Cytokines, Immune Cell Markers And Cholinergic System Components During Peripheral Endotoxin-Induced Inflammation, H. A. Silverman, M. Dancho, A. Regnier-Golanov, M. Nasim, M. Ochani, P. S. Olofsson, M. Ahmed, E. J. Miller, S. S. Chavan, E. Golanov, C. Metz, K. J. Tracey, V. A. Pavlov Jan 2014

Brain Region-Specific Alterations In The Gene Expression Of Cytokines, Immune Cell Markers And Cholinergic System Components During Peripheral Endotoxin-Induced Inflammation, H. A. Silverman, M. Dancho, A. Regnier-Golanov, M. Nasim, M. Ochani, P. S. Olofsson, M. Ahmed, E. J. Miller, S. S. Chavan, E. Golanov, C. Metz, K. J. Tracey, V. A. Pavlov

Journal Articles

Inflammatory conditions characterized by excessive peripheral immune responses are associated with diverse alterations in brain function, and brain-derived neural pathways regulate peripheral inflammation. Important aspects of this bidirectional peripheral immune - brain communication, including the impact of peripheral inflammation on brain region-specific cytokine responses, and brain cholinergic signaling (which plays a role in controlling peripheral cytokine levels) remain unclear. To provide insight, we studied gene expression of cytokines, immune cell markers and brain cholinergic system components in the cortex, cerebellum, brainstem, hippocampus, hypothalamus, striatum, and thalamus in mice following an intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide injection. Endotoxemia was accompanied by elevated serum levels …

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Decreased Langerhans Cell Responses To Il-36 Gamma: Altered Innate Immunity In Patients With Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis, J. Devoti, L. Hatam, A. Lucs, A. Afzal, A. Abramson, B. M. Steinberg, V. Bonagura Jan 2014

Decreased Langerhans Cell Responses To Il-36 Gamma: Altered Innate Immunity In Patients With Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis, J. Devoti, L. Hatam, A. Lucs, A. Afzal, A. Abramson, B. M. Steinberg, V. Bonagura

Journal Articles

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare, chronic disease caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs) types 6 and 11 that is characterized by the polarization of adaptive immune responses that support persistent HPV infection. Respiratory papillomas express elevated mRNA levels of IL-36 gamma, a proinflammatory cytokine in comparison to autologous clinically normal laryngeal tissues; however there is no evidence of inflammation in these lesions. Consistent with this, respiratory papillomas do not contain T(H)1-like CD4(+) T-cells or cytotoxic CD8(+) T-cells, but instead contain a predominance of T(H)2-like and T regulatory cells (Tregs). In addition, papillomas also are infiltrated with immature Langerhans cells …

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Overexpressed Beta-Catenin Localizes To Plasma Membrane In Respiratory Papillomas, A. V. Lucs, A. L. Abramson, B. M. Steinberg Jan 2014

Overexpressed Beta-Catenin Localizes To Plasma Membrane In Respiratory Papillomas, A. V. Lucs, A. L. Abramson, B. M. Steinberg

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

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Early Efficacy Trial Of Anakinra In Corticosteroid-Resistant Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease, A. Vambutas, M. Lesser, V. Mullooly, S. Pathak, G. Zahtz, L. M. Rosen, E. Goldofsky Jan 2014

Early Efficacy Trial Of Anakinra In Corticosteroid-Resistant Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease, A. Vambutas, M. Lesser, V. Mullooly, S. Pathak, G. Zahtz, L. M. Rosen, E. Goldofsky

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND. Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) is a rare disease that results in progressive sensorineural hearing loss. Patients with AIED initially respond to corticosteroids; however, many patients become unresponsive to this treatment over time, and there is no effective alternative therapy for these individuals. METHODS. We performed a phase I/II open-label, single-arm clinical trial of the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in corticosteroid-resistant AIED patients. Given that the etiology of corticosteroid resistance is likely heterogeneous, we used a Simon 2-stage design to distinguish between an unacceptable (= 30%) response rate to anakinra therapy. Subjects received 100 mg anakinra by subcutaneous injection …

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Gene-Based Therapies In Parkinson's Disease, P. J. Allen, A. Feigin Jan 2014

Gene-Based Therapies In Parkinson's Disease, P. J. Allen, A. Feigin

Journal Articles

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized primarily by the degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and diminution of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Though dopamine replacement therapies such as levodopa can improve the symptoms of PD, the benefits may be overshadowed by side effects and the onset of symptoms not responsive to dopaminergic treatments (e.g., autonomic symptoms, gait and balance problems, and cognitive impairment). Furthermore, no therapies have proven to slow the neurodegenerative process. Novel approaches to address these difficult problems, and others, are being sought. Over the last decade, several innovative gene therapies for PD have entered human clinical …

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Long-Acting Injectable Vs Oral Antipsychotics For Relapse Prevention In Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Trials, Taishiro Kishimoto, A. Robenzadeh, C. Leucht, S. Leucht, K. Watanabe, M. Mimura, M. Borenstein, John Kane, Christoph Correll Jan 2014

Long-Acting Injectable Vs Oral Antipsychotics For Relapse Prevention In Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Trials, Taishiro Kishimoto, A. Robenzadeh, C. Leucht, S. Leucht, K. Watanabe, M. Mimura, M. Borenstein, John Kane, Christoph Correll

Journal Articles

Background: While long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) are hoped to reduce high relapse rates in schizophrenia, recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) challenged the benefits of LAIs over oral antipsychotics (OAPs). Methods: Systematic review/meta-analysis of RCTs that lasted = 6 months comparing LAIs and OAPs. Primary outcome was study-defined relapse at the longest time point; secondary outcomes included relapse at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, all-cause discontinuation, discontinuation due to adverse events, drug inefficacy (ie, relapse + discontinuation due to inefficacy), hospitalization, and nonadherence. Results: Across 21 RCTs (n = 5176), LAIs were similar to OAPs for relapse prevention at …

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Cb2 Receptor Deficiency Increases Amyloid Pathology And Alters Tau Processing In A Transgenic Mouse Model Of Alzheimer's Disease, Jeremy Koppel, V. Vingtdeux, P. Marambaud, C. D'Abramo, H. Jimenez, M. Stauber, R. Friedman, P. Davies Jan 2014

Cb2 Receptor Deficiency Increases Amyloid Pathology And Alters Tau Processing In A Transgenic Mouse Model Of Alzheimer's Disease, Jeremy Koppel, V. Vingtdeux, P. Marambaud, C. D'Abramo, H. Jimenez, M. Stauber, R. Friedman, P. Davies

Journal Articles

The endocannabinoid CB2 receptor system has been implicated in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In order to investigate the impact of the CB2 receptor system on AD pathology, a colony of mice with a deleted CB2 receptor gene, CNR2, was established on a transgenic human mutant APP background for pathological comparison with CB2 receptor-sufficient transgenic mice. J20 APP (PDGFB-APPSwInd) mice were bred over two generations with CNR2(-/-) (Cnr2(tm1Dgen)/J) mice to produce a colony of J20 CNR2(+/+) and J20 CNR2(-/-)mice. Seventeen J20 CNR2(+/+) mice (12 females, 5 males) and 16 J20 CNR2(-/-) mice (11 females, 5 males) were killed at …

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Positive And Negative Subclinical Symptoms And Mccb Performance In Non-Psychiatric Controls, C. Korponay, G. C. Nitzburg, Anil Malhotra, P. Derosse Jan 2014

Positive And Negative Subclinical Symptoms And Mccb Performance In Non-Psychiatric Controls, C. Korponay, G. C. Nitzburg, Anil Malhotra, P. Derosse

Journal Articles

Considerable data support the phenomenological and temporal continuity between subclinical psychosis and psychotic disorders. In recent years, neurocognitive deficits have increasingly been recognized as a core feature of psychotic illness but there are few data seeking to elucidate the relationship between subclinical psychosis and neurocogntive deficits in non-clinical samples. The goal of the present study was to examine the relationship between subclinical positive and negative symptoms, as measured by the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) and performance on the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) in a large (n=303) and demographically diverse non-clinical sample. We found that compared to participants …

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Alpha 7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Signaling Inhibits Inflammasome Activation By Preventing Mitochondrial Dna Release, B. Lu, K. Kwan, Y. A. Levine, P. S. Olofsson, H. Yang, J. H. Li, S. Joshi, H. C. Wang, U. Andersson, S. S. Chavan, K. J. Tracey Jan 2014

Alpha 7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Signaling Inhibits Inflammasome Activation By Preventing Mitochondrial Dna Release, B. Lu, K. Kwan, Y. A. Levine, P. S. Olofsson, H. Yang, J. H. Li, S. Joshi, H. C. Wang, U. Andersson, S. S. Chavan, K. J. Tracey

Journal Articles

The mammalian immune system and the nervous system coevolved under the influence of cellular and environmental stress. Cellular stress is associated with changes in immunity and activation of the NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a key component of innate immunity. Here we show that alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha 7 nAchR)-signaling inhibits inflammasome activation and prevents release of mitochondrial DNA, an NLRP3 ligand. Cholinergic receptor agonists or vagus nerve stimulation significantly inhibits inflammasome activation, whereas genetic deletion of alpha 7 nAchR significantly enhances inflammasome activation. Acetylcholine accumulates in macrophage cytoplasm after adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stimulation …

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Genes And Schizophrenia: From A Festschrift Seminar Honoring William T. Carpenter Jr, Md, Anil Malhotra Jan 2014

Genes And Schizophrenia: From A Festschrift Seminar Honoring William T. Carpenter Jr, Md, Anil Malhotra

Journal Articles

Recent data have begun to elucidate the genetic architecture of schizophrenia, as well as provide new insights into the relationships of specific genetic factors across diagnostic boundaries, with specific symptom domains, and in the prediction of antipsychotic treatment response. Not surprisingly, work conducted at the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), led by Dr William Carpenter, has helped to guide the thinking behind much of this work, as well as contributed valuable data toward these efforts. In this article, I will briefly summarize some of the major findings emerging from these lines of research and highlight the role of the Dr …

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The Content Of Attenuated Psychotic Symptoms In Those At Clinical High Risk For Psychosis, C. Marshall, E. Denny, K. S. Cadenhead, T. D. Cannon, Barbara Cornblatt, T. H. Mcglashan, D. O. Perkins, L. J. Seidman, M. T. Tsuang, J. Addington, +2 Additional Authors Jan 2014

The Content Of Attenuated Psychotic Symptoms In Those At Clinical High Risk For Psychosis, C. Marshall, E. Denny, K. S. Cadenhead, T. D. Cannon, Barbara Cornblatt, T. H. Mcglashan, D. O. Perkins, L. J. Seidman, M. T. Tsuang, J. Addington, +2 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Recent research has started to focus on identifying individuals who are at clinical high risk of developing psychosis as a means to try and understand the predictors and mechanisms involved in the progress to a full psychotic episode. The aim of the current study was to provide an initial description and prevalence rates of specific content found within attenuated positive symptoms. The Content of Attenuated Positive Symptoms (CAPS) codebook was used by independent raters to determine the presence of content within a sample of written vignettes. Krippendorff's alpha was used to determine inter-rater reliability. Overall, the majority of items fell …

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Bdnf Val66met Polymorphism And Antipsychotic-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia Occurrence And Severity: A Meta-Analysis, I. Miura, Jianping Zhang, M. Nitta, T. Lencz, John Kane, Anil Malhotra, H. Yabe, Christoph Correll Jan 2014

Bdnf Val66met Polymorphism And Antipsychotic-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia Occurrence And Severity: A Meta-Analysis, I. Miura, Jianping Zhang, M. Nitta, T. Lencz, John Kane, Anil Malhotra, H. Yabe, Christoph Correll

Journal Articles

Background: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a serious long-term consequence of antipsychotic treatment. Since brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has potent neurotrophic activity, genetic alterations in the BDNF gene may affect antipsychotic-induced TD. Methods: Searching PubMed and Web of Science until 05/31/13, we conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the effects of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on antipsychotic-induced TD. Pooled odds ratio was calculated to assess the effects of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on TD occurrence. Additionally, pooled standardized mean differences (Hedges'g) were calculated to assess the effects on Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) total score. Results: Out of 699 potentially eligible …

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Excess Of Homozygosity In The Major Histocompatibility Complex In Schizophrenia, S. Mukherjee, S. Guha, M. Ikeda, N. Iwata, Anil Malhotra, I. Pe'er, A. Darvasi, T. Lencz Jan 2014

Excess Of Homozygosity In The Major Histocompatibility Complex In Schizophrenia, S. Mukherjee, S. Guha, M. Ikeda, N. Iwata, Anil Malhotra, I. Pe'er, A. Darvasi, T. Lencz

Journal Articles

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in schizophrenia have focused on additive allelic effects to identify disease risk loci. In order to examine potential recessive effects, we applied a novel approach to identify regions of excess homozygosity in an ethnically homogenous cohort: 904 schizophrenia cases and 1640 controls drawn from the Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) population. Genome-wide examination of runs of homozygosity identified an excess in cases localized to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). To refine this signal, we used the recently developed GERMLINE algorithm to identify chromosomal segments shared identical-by-descent (IBD) and compared homozygosity at such segments in cases and controls. We …

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Matrics Cognitive Consensus Battery (Mccb) Performance In Children, Adolescents, And Young Adults, G. C. Nitzburg, P. Derosse, K. E. Burdick, B. D. Peters, C. B. Gopin, Anil Malhotra Jan 2014

Matrics Cognitive Consensus Battery (Mccb) Performance In Children, Adolescents, And Young Adults, G. C. Nitzburg, P. Derosse, K. E. Burdick, B. D. Peters, C. B. Gopin, Anil Malhotra

Journal Articles

Background: Neurodevelopmental models of schizophrenia suggest that cognitive deficits may be observed during childhood and adolescence, long before the onset of psychotic symptoms. Elucidating the trajectory of normal cognitive development during childhood and adolescence may therefore provide a basis for identifying specific abnormalities related to the development of schizophrenia. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), which was designed for use in clinical trials targeting cognitive deficits most common in schizophrenia, may provide a mechanism to understand this trajectory. To date, however, there is no performance data for the MCCB in healthy children and adolescents. The present study sought to establish …

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Age-Related Differences In White Matter Tract Microstructure Are Associated With Cognitive Performance From Childhood To Adulthood, B. D. Peters, T. Ikuta, P. Derosse, M. John, K. E. Burdick, P. Gruner, D. M. Prendergast, Philip Szeszko, Anil Malhotra Jan 2014

Age-Related Differences In White Matter Tract Microstructure Are Associated With Cognitive Performance From Childhood To Adulthood, B. D. Peters, T. Ikuta, P. Derosse, M. John, K. E. Burdick, P. Gruner, D. M. Prendergast, Philip Szeszko, Anil Malhotra

Journal Articles

Background: Age-related differences in white matter tract microstructure have been well established across the life span. In the present cross-sectional study, we examined whether these differences are associated with neurocognitive performance from childhood to late adulthood. Methods: Diffusion tensor imaging was performed in 296 healthy subjects aged 8 to 68 years (mean = 29.6, SD = 14.6). The corpus callosum, two projection tracts, and five association tracts were traced using probabilistic tractography. A neurocognitive test battery was used to assess speed of processing, attention, spatial working memory, verbal functioning, visual learning, and executive functioning. Linear mediation models were used to …

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Brain White Matter Development Is Associated With A Human-Specific Haplotype Increasing The Synthesis Of Long Chain Fatty Acids, B. D. Peters, A. N. Voineskos, P. R. Szeszko, T. A. Lett, P. Derosse, S. Guha, K. H. Karlsgodt, M. John, T. Lencz, A. K. Malhotra, +4 Additional Authors Jan 2014

Brain White Matter Development Is Associated With A Human-Specific Haplotype Increasing The Synthesis Of Long Chain Fatty Acids, B. D. Peters, A. N. Voineskos, P. R. Szeszko, T. A. Lett, P. Derosse, S. Guha, K. H. Karlsgodt, M. John, T. Lencz, A. K. Malhotra, +4 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

The genetic and molecular pathways driving human brain white matter (WM) development are only beginning to be discovered. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) have been implicated in myelination in animal models and humans. The biosynthesis of LC-PUFAs is regulated by the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes, of which a human-specific haplotype is strongly associated with omega-3 and omega-6 LC-PUFA concentrations in blood. To investigate the relationship between LC-PUFA synthesis and human brain WM development, we examined whether this FADS haplotype is associated with age-related WM differences across the life span in healthy individuals 9-86 years of age (n = …

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Delineation Of Hippocampal Subregions Using T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Images At 3 Tesla, K. Rhindress, T. Ikuta, R. Wellington, A. K. Malhotra, P. Szeszko Jan 2014

Delineation Of Hippocampal Subregions Using T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Images At 3 Tesla, K. Rhindress, T. Ikuta, R. Wellington, A. K. Malhotra, P. Szeszko

Journal Articles

Although several novel approaches for hippocampal subregion delineation have been developed, they need to be applied prospectively and may be limited by long scan times, the use of high field (>3T) imaging systems, and limited reliability metrics. Moreover, the majority of MR imaging data collected to date has employed a T1-weighted acquisition, creating a critical need for an approach that provides reliable hippocampal subregion segmentation using such a contrast. We present a highly reliable approach for the identification of six subregions comprising the hippocampal formation from MR images including the subiculum, dentate gyrus/cornu Ammonis 4 (DG/CA4), entorhinal cortex, fimbria, …

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White Matter Changes Associated With Antipsychotic Treatment In First-Episode Psychosis, P. Szeszko, D. G. Robinson, T. Ikuta, B. D. Peters, J. Gallego, J. Kane, A. K. Malhotra Jan 2014

White Matter Changes Associated With Antipsychotic Treatment In First-Episode Psychosis, P. Szeszko, D. G. Robinson, T. Ikuta, B. D. Peters, J. Gallego, J. Kane, A. K. Malhotra

Journal Articles

Second-generation antipsychotics are utilized extensively in the treatment of psychotic disorders and other psychiatric conditions, but the effects of these medications on human brain white matter are not well understood. We thus investigated the effects of second-generation antipsychotics on white matter integrity using tract-based spatial statistics in patients experiencing a first episode of psychosis with little or no prior antipsychotic exposure, and how potential changes were associated with metabolic side effects. Thirty-five (26 men/9 women) patients experiencing a first episode of psychosis received diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) exams, clinical assessments, and provided fasting blood samples at the onset of antipsychotic …

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Prevalence And Correlates Of Antipsychotic Polypharmacy In Children And Adolescents Receiving Antipsychotic Treatment*, N. Toteja, J. Gallego, E. Saito, T. Gerhard, A. Winterstein, M. Olfson, C. U. Correll Jan 2014

Prevalence And Correlates Of Antipsychotic Polypharmacy In Children And Adolescents Receiving Antipsychotic Treatment*, N. Toteja, J. Gallego, E. Saito, T. Gerhard, A. Winterstein, M. Olfson, C. U. Correll

Journal Articles

Antipsychotic polypharmacy (APP), which is common in adults with psychotic disorders, is of unproven efficacy and raises safety concerns. Although youth are increasingly prescribed antipsychotics, little is known about APP in this population. We performed a systematic PubMed search (last update 26 January 2013) of studies reporting the prevalence of APP in antipsychotic-treated youth. Summary statistics and statistical tests were calculated at the study level and not weighted by sample size. Fifteen studies (n=58041, range 68-23183) reported on APP in youth [mean age=13.4 +/- 1.7 yr, 67.1 +/- 10.2% male, 77.9 +/- 27.4% treated with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs)]. Data collected …

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Age-Associated Alterations In Corpus Callosum White Matter Integrity In Bipolar Disorder Assessed Using Probabilistic Tractography, N. Toteja, P. Guvenek-Cokol, T. Ikuta, V. Kafantaris, B. D. Peters, K. E. Burdick, M. John, A. K. Malhotra, P. Szeszko Jan 2014

Age-Associated Alterations In Corpus Callosum White Matter Integrity In Bipolar Disorder Assessed Using Probabilistic Tractography, N. Toteja, P. Guvenek-Cokol, T. Ikuta, V. Kafantaris, B. D. Peters, K. E. Burdick, M. John, A. K. Malhotra, P. Szeszko

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVES: Atypical age-associated changes in white matter integrity may play a role in the neurobiology of bipolar disorder, but no studies have examined the major white matter tracts using nonlinear statistical modeling across a wide age range in this disorder. The goal of this study was to identify possible deviations in the typical pattern of age-associated changes in white matter integrity in patients with bipolar disorder across the age range of 9-62 years. METHODS: Diffusion tensor imaging was performed in 57 (20 male and 37 female) patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder and 57 (20 male and 37 female) …

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Genome-Wide Mapping Of Ibd Segments In An Ashkenazi Pd Cohort Identifies Associated Haplotypes, V. Vacic, L. J. Ozelius, L. N. Clark, A. Bar-Shira, M. Gana-Weisz, T. Gurevich, A. Gusev, S. Guha, T. Lencz, A. Orr-Urtreger, +10 Additional Authors Jan 2014

Genome-Wide Mapping Of Ibd Segments In An Ashkenazi Pd Cohort Identifies Associated Haplotypes, V. Vacic, L. J. Ozelius, L. N. Clark, A. Bar-Shira, M. Gana-Weisz, T. Gurevich, A. Gusev, S. Guha, T. Lencz, A. Orr-Urtreger, +10 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

The recent series of large genome-wide association studies in European and Japanese cohorts established that Parkinson disease (PD) has a substantial genetic component. To further investigate the genetic landscape of PD, we performed a genome-wide scan in the largest to date Ashkenazi Jewish cohort of 1130 Parkinson patients and 2611 pooled controls. Motivated by the reduced disease allele heterogeneity and a high degree of identical-by-descent (IBD) haplotype sharing in this founder population, we conducted a haplotype association study based on mapping of shared IBD segments. We observed significant haplotype association signals at three previously implicated Parkinson loci: LRRK2 (OR = …

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Hospitalization Rates In Patients Switched From Oral Anti-Psychotics To Aripiprazole Once-Monthly: Final Efficacy Analysis, John Kane, C. Zhao, B. R. Johnson, R. A. Baker, A. Eramo, R. D. Mcquade, A. R. Duca, R. Sanchez, T. Peters-Strickland Jan 2014

Hospitalization Rates In Patients Switched From Oral Anti-Psychotics To Aripiprazole Once-Monthly: Final Efficacy Analysis, John Kane, C. Zhao, B. R. Johnson, R. A. Baker, A. Eramo, R. D. Mcquade, A. R. Duca, R. Sanchez, T. Peters-Strickland

Journal Articles

Abstract Objective: To compare hospitalization rates in patients with schizophrenia treated prospectively with aripiprazole once-monthly 400 mg (AOM 400; an extended-release injectable suspension) vs the same patients' retrospective rates with their prior oral anti-psychotic therapy. Research design and methods: Multi-center, open-label, mirror-image, naturalistic study in a community setting in North America. Patients who required a change in treatment and/or would benefit from long-acting injectable anti-psychotic therapy were treated prospectively for 6 months with AOM 400. Retrospective data on hospitalization rates were obtained. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01432444. Main outcome measures: The proportion of patients with >/=1 psychiatric inpatient hospitalization with …

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Optimal Treatment Of Alzheimer's Disease Psychosis: Challenges And Solutions, Jeremy Koppel, Blaine Greenwald Jan 2014

Optimal Treatment Of Alzheimer's Disease Psychosis: Challenges And Solutions, Jeremy Koppel, Blaine Greenwald

Journal Articles

Psychotic symptoms emerging in the context of neurodegeneration as a consequence of Alzheimer's disease was recognized and documented by Alois Alzheimer himself in his description of the first reported case of the disease. Over a quarter of a century ago, in the context of attempting to develop prognostic markers of disease progression, psychosis was identified as an independent predictor of a more-rapid cognitive decline. This finding has been subsequently well replicated, rendering psychotic symptoms an important area of exploration in clinical history taking - above and beyond treatment necessity - as their presence has prognostic significance. Further, there is now …

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The Relationship Of Neurocognition And Negative Symptoms To Social And Role Functioning Over Time In Individuals At Clinical High Risk In The First Phase Of The North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study, E. C. Meyer, Ricardo Carrion, Barbara Cornblatt, J. Addington, K. S. Cadenhead, T. D. Cannon, T. H. Mcglashan, D. O. Perkins, M. T. Tsuang, L. J. Seidman, +3 Additional Authors Jan 2014

The Relationship Of Neurocognition And Negative Symptoms To Social And Role Functioning Over Time In Individuals At Clinical High Risk In The First Phase Of The North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study, E. C. Meyer, Ricardo Carrion, Barbara Cornblatt, J. Addington, K. S. Cadenhead, T. D. Cannon, T. H. Mcglashan, D. O. Perkins, M. T. Tsuang, L. J. Seidman, +3 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVES: Impaired social, role, and neurocognitive functioning are preillness characteristics of people who later develop psychosis. In people with schizophrenia, neurocognition and negative symptoms are associated with functional impairment. We examined the relative contributions of neurocognition and symptoms to social and role functioning over time in clinically high-risk (CHR) individuals and determined if negative symptoms mediated the influence of cognition on functioning. METHODS: Social, role, and neurocognitive functioning and positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms were assessed in 167 individuals at CHR for psychosis in the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study Phase 1 (NAPLS-1), of whom 96 were reassessed at 12 …

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Comparative Effectiveness Of Risperidone Long-Acting Injectable Vs First-Generation Antipsychotic Long-Acting Injectables In Schizophrenia: Results From A Nationwide, Retrospective Inception Cohort Study, J. Nielsen, S. O. Jensen, R. B. Friis, J. B. Valentin, Christoph Correll Jan 2014

Comparative Effectiveness Of Risperidone Long-Acting Injectable Vs First-Generation Antipsychotic Long-Acting Injectables In Schizophrenia: Results From A Nationwide, Retrospective Inception Cohort Study, J. Nielsen, S. O. Jensen, R. B. Friis, J. B. Valentin, Christoph Correll

Journal Articles

Objective: To compare in a generalizable sample/setting objective outcomes in patients receiving first-generation antipsychotic long-acting injectables (FGA-LAIs) or risperidone-LAI (RIS-LAI). Methods: Nationwide, retrospective inception cohort study of adults with International Classification of Diseases-10 schizophrenia using Danish registers from 1995 to 2009 comparing outcomes between clinician's/patient's choice treatment with FGA-LAIs or RIS-LAI. Primary outcome was time to psychiatric hospitalization using Cox-regression adjusting for relevant covariates. Secondary outcomes included time to all-cause discontinuation and psychiatric hospitalization in patients without LAI possession gap >28 days, and number of bed-days after psychiatric hospitalization. Results: Among 4532 patients followed for 2700 patient-years, 2078 received RIS-LAI …

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Antipsychotic Treatment For Children And Adolescents With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Protocol For A Network Meta-Analysis Of Randomised Trials, A. K. Pagsberg, S. Tarp, D. Glintborg, A. D. Stenstrom, A. Fink-Jensen, Christoph Correll, R. Christensen Jan 2014

Antipsychotic Treatment For Children And Adolescents With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Protocol For A Network Meta-Analysis Of Randomised Trials, A. K. Pagsberg, S. Tarp, D. Glintborg, A. D. Stenstrom, A. Fink-Jensen, Christoph Correll, R. Christensen

Journal Articles

Introduction: Antipsychotic treatment in early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) lacks a rich evidence base, and efforts to rank different drugs concerning their efficacy have not proven any particular drug superior. In contrast to the literature regarding adult-onset schizophrenia (AOS), comparative effectiveness studies in children and adolescents are limited in number and size, and only a few meta-analyses based on conventional methodologies have been conducted. Methods and analyses: We will conduct a network meta-analysis of all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluate antipsychotic therapies for EOS to determine which compounds are efficacious, and to determine the relative efficacy and safety of these treatments …

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