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Articles 61 - 90 of 254
Full-Text Articles in Medical Sciences
The Importance Of Noncapped Viral Genomic Rna To Alphaviral Infection And Pathogenesis., Autumn Lapointe
The Importance Of Noncapped Viral Genomic Rna To Alphaviral Infection And Pathogenesis., Autumn Lapointe
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Alphaviruses are mosquito-borne arboviruses that have a positive sense, single-stranded RNA genome, which are capable of causing severe disease and thus pose a significant burden to public health. During alphaviral replication, significant quantities of viral genomic RNAs that lack the canonical alphaviral 5’ cap structure are produced and packaged into viral particles, despite the fact that these noncapped genomes cannot be translated and are essentially noninfectious. The production and packaging of the noncapped genomes has been found to be true for infections across multiple vertebrate and invertebrate cell lines and alphavirus species, although the proportion of ncgRNA produced differs. Despite …
Sarcopenia Screening By Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (Rdns) In The United States (U.S.), Madison Marcom
Sarcopenia Screening By Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (Rdns) In The United States (U.S.), Madison Marcom
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Sarcopenia is a disease of muscle wasting primarily seen in older adults. Although this term was first coined over three decades ago, there is a lack of consensus on a definition, screening criteria, and treatment protocol for sarcopenia. The primary purpose of this study is to determine whether registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) in the United States (U.S.) screen for sarcopenia. Study participants were recruited through a randomized email list and included RDNs throughout the U.S. Respondents completed a survey questioning knowledge of sarcopenia, screening tools and company protocols in place, and the need and desire for sarcopenia education. Data revealed …
Sex-Based Differences In Microbiota Composition And Metabolomic Profiles Associated With Altered Macrophage Function And Protection From Lupus In Bwf1 Mice., James William Harder
Sex-Based Differences In Microbiota Composition And Metabolomic Profiles Associated With Altered Macrophage Function And Protection From Lupus In Bwf1 Mice., James William Harder
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex and an insidious disease that is still not completely understood, and has very few treatment options. Those that are available are ineffective and/or have serious side effects. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the susceptibility and resistance to SLE, and understanding the environmental factors underlying this disease could lead to more effective prevention and/or treatment strategies. Like most autoimmune diseases, SLE is much more prevalent in females than males. While there are numerous factors that contribute to this lupus susceptibility, there is increasing evidence that the microbiota can strongly influence lupus progression, …
A New All-Natural Wound Treatment Gel Shows Strong Inhibitory Activity Against Staphylococcus Aureus And Other Wound Pathogens, Tasha K. Nelson
A New All-Natural Wound Treatment Gel Shows Strong Inhibitory Activity Against Staphylococcus Aureus And Other Wound Pathogens, Tasha K. Nelson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Skin related injuries are some of the most dangerous forms of wounds. In addition to treating the wound itself, health care providers must be cautious of microbial infections. In this study, we evaluate a novel all-natural antimicrobial gel compound (AMG) designed to kill planktonic bacteria, penetrate bacterial biofilms, and accelerate wound healing. In -vitro experiments demonstrate that AMG is effective in inhibiting planktonic growth and biofilm development of eight common pathogens. LIVE/DEAD staining and confocal microscopy reveal that planktonic growth and three-dimensional structure of biofilms were significantly reduced. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was used to investigate a small …
Maternal Hpa Axis Function During Parenting Is Associated With Reduced Brain Activation To Infant Cry And More Intrusive Parenting Behavior, Andrew Erhart
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Previous research indicated that maternal cortisol function and maternal brain response to infant stimuli are separately related to differences in parenting behavior. Evidence from animal models have demonstrated that chronically high cortisol concentration alters brain structure and function, suggesting that studying these two mechanisms together may further improve understanding of parental behavior in human mothers. First time mothers of infants aged 1-7 months old (M age = 3 months) were recruited to participate. Mother’s cortisol concentration was measured during a naturalistic interaction with their infant and their behavior was coded for maternal sensitivity and nonintrusiveness. In a separate session using …
Characterization Of Cucurbitacin-Inspired Estrone Analogues As Novel Inhibitors Of Human Atp- Binding Cassette Proteins (Abcb1 And Abcc1), Jennifer Kyeremateng
Characterization Of Cucurbitacin-Inspired Estrone Analogues As Novel Inhibitors Of Human Atp- Binding Cassette Proteins (Abcb1 And Abcc1), Jennifer Kyeremateng
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a large class of integral membrane proteins that contribute to key physiological functions in all organisms by utilizing ATP binding and hydrolysis to transport diverse substrates across membrane barriers. P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ ABCB1) and Multidrug Resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) are widely reported ABC transporters associated with multidrug resistance in cancer. Multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by P-gp and MRP1 is responsible for treatment failures of many metastatic cancers as a result of reduced accumulation, bioavailability and diminished potency of anticancer drugs. Currently, known P-gp and MRP1 inhibitors are limited due to toxicity, lack of selectivity and low …
The Role Of Acetylcholine In Attention And Lapses In Attention In Rats Using The Mode And Deviation From Mode Of Reaction Time Latency, Scott Lee Mitchell
The Role Of Acetylcholine In Attention And Lapses In Attention In Rats Using The Mode And Deviation From Mode Of Reaction Time Latency, Scott Lee Mitchell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is currently the neurodevelopmental disorder most commonly diagnosed in children in the United States, and one of the defining characteristics of ADHD is inattention. Inattention is marked by increased lapses in attention, and when assessed clinically, it has been highly correlated with reaction-time variability (RTV). Evidence from the human/clinical literature has shown an inherently higher RTV to be the primary quantitative indicator of an ADHD diagnosis. Reaction-time distributions are characterized by an asymmetrical rightward skew, and because of the prevalence of this presentation, it has been theorized that the distribution peak and skew represent separate phenomena, …
Plasma Resuscitation Attenuates Intestinal Barrier Disturbance Following Hemorrhagic Shock., Jessica E. Schucht
Plasma Resuscitation Attenuates Intestinal Barrier Disturbance Following Hemorrhagic Shock., Jessica E. Schucht
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background: Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IIRI) following resuscitated hemorrhagic shock (HS/RES) leads to endothelial damage, microcirculatory dysfunction and intestinal barrier breakdown, increasing intestinal permeability. This pathologic process contributes pathophysiology of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in some trauma patients. Although vascular smooth muscle machinery remains intact, microvascular vasoconstriction occurs secondary to endothelial cell damage, resulting in further ischemia and organ injury. Used separately, resuscitation with Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) or Direct Peritoneal Resuscitation (DPR) improves the intestinal microcirculation and alleviates organ injury. Further examination of these effects individually or combined could aid in the resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock. Methods: Sprague Dawley …
Characterization Of Adiposity And Inflammation Genetic Pleiotropy Underlying Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Hispanics., Mohammad Yaser (Anwar)
Characterization Of Adiposity And Inflammation Genetic Pleiotropy Underlying Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Hispanics., Mohammad Yaser (Anwar)
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The observed overlap between genetic variants associated with both adiposity and inflammatory markers suggests that changes in both adiposity and inflammation could be partially mediated by common pathways. The pervasive but sparsely characterized “pleiotropic” genetic variants associated with both adiposity and inflammation have been hypothesized to provide insight into the shared biology. This study explored and characterized the genetic pleiotropy underpinning adiposity and inflammation using genetic and phenotypic observations from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (CCHC). A total of 3,313 samples and >9 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were examined in this study. Mixed model genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were …
Chronic Effects Of Methylphenidate On Neuronal Viability And Plasticity, Hannah Oakes
Chronic Effects Of Methylphenidate On Neuronal Viability And Plasticity, Hannah Oakes
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Methylphenidate (MPH) is the most commonly prescribed drug to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). ADHD is now considered a life-long disorder; therefore, patients take MPH from adolescence into adulthood, highlighting the need for research studying chronic MPH use. MPH increases dopamine and norepinephrine within the synaptic cleft; therefore, chronic use of MPH may lead to changes within important dopaminergic pathways. One pathway, the mesolimbic pathway, includes the hippocampus, an area where adult neurogenesis occurs. We investigated the effects of chronic low and high doses of MPH on neurogenesis and examined levels of a few key proteins linked to cell …
Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy In Alcoholic Liver Disease., Jeffrey Barr Warner
Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy In Alcoholic Liver Disease., Jeffrey Barr Warner
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Emerging evidence suggests that soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition is a valuable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of numerous diseases. sEH rapidly degrades cytochrome P450-produced epoxygenated lipids (epoxy-fatty acids, epFAs), which generally exert beneficial effects on several cellular processes. sEH hydrolysis of epoxy-fatty acids produces dihydroxy-fatty acids which are typically less biologically active than their parent epoxide. sEH inhibition has shown efficacy in treating numerous pathologies associated with non-alcoholic liver disease, yet no efforts to date have tested the efficacy of sEH inhibition in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Herein, we measured the levels of sEH expression and epFAs in human …
N-Acetyltranserase 2 (Nat2) Genotype Polymorphism In Cryopreserved Human Hepatocytes And Chinese Hamster Ovary (Cho) Cells., Mariam Refaat Zaky Habil
N-Acetyltranserase 2 (Nat2) Genotype Polymorphism In Cryopreserved Human Hepatocytes And Chinese Hamster Ovary (Cho) Cells., Mariam Refaat Zaky Habil
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Arylamine N-acetyltransferases, NAT1 and NAT2, catalyze the detoxification and/or activation of drugs and aromatic amine carcinogens. Single nucleotide polymorphisms or SNPs result in different human NAT2 genotypes thus dividing the population into rapid, intermediate, and slow acetylators. We hypothesize allelic variants of NAT2 genotype will decrease levels of N-acetylation, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, DNA adduct formation, and mutagenesis compared to the reference allele NAT2*4. Cryopreserved human hepatocytes expressing different NAT2 genotypes and NER-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with human CYP1A2 and human NAT2*4, NAT2*5B or NAT2*7B have been used to investigate N-acetylation of different xenobiotics. In …
Mechanisms Of Chromate-Induced Suppression Of Rad51: A One Environmental Health Approach., Rachel M. Speer
Mechanisms Of Chromate-Induced Suppression Of Rad51: A One Environmental Health Approach., Rachel M. Speer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Lung cancer is commonly associated with smoking, however, 1 in 5 women and 1 in 12 men who develop lung cancer are never-smokers. Environmental exposures, therefore, account for a significant portion of lung cancer cases. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a global environmental contaminant and known human lung carcinogen. Cr(VI) and other carcinogenic metals induce chromosome instability, an early event in lung cancer. Structural chromosome instability arises in part due to failed DNA repair. Particulate Cr(VI), the most potent form of Cr(VI), induces DNA double strand breaks and inhibits the high-fidelity DNA …
Tissue-Resident Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Modulate Immune Homeostasis In Healthy Adipose., Katlin Brooke Stivers
Tissue-Resident Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Modulate Immune Homeostasis In Healthy Adipose., Katlin Brooke Stivers
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Our goal with this study was to gain insight into the homeostatic immune cell network in healthy adipose tissue. Specifically, we sought to determine if the immature myeloid cells found in healthy and inflamed adipose were, in fact, tissue-resident myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Using various in vitro and in vivo methods, we have uncovered a population of CD11bHi Ly6CHi Ly6G- MDSCs resident in healthy adipose tissue. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that these cells have been investigated and described in healthy adipose tissue. Systemic MDSC depletion lead to the accumulation of …
Plasmodium Impairs Antibacterial Innate Immunity To Systemic Infections In Part Through Hemozoin-Bound Bioactive Molecules., Christopher Lynn Harding
Plasmodium Impairs Antibacterial Innate Immunity To Systemic Infections In Part Through Hemozoin-Bound Bioactive Molecules., Christopher Lynn Harding
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Despite efforts to decrease the global health burden of malaria, infections with Plasmodium species continue to cause over 200 million episodes of malaria each year which resulted in 405,000 deaths in 2018 [1]. One complication of malaria is increased susceptibility to invasive bacterial infections. Plasmodium infections impair host immunity to non-Typhoid Salmonella (NTS) through activities of heme oxygenase I (HO-I) )-induced release of immature granulocytes and myeloid cell-derived IL-10. Yet, it is not known if these mechanisms are specific to NTS. We show here, that Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL (Py) infected mice had impaired clearance of systemic Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) during …
Development, Expansion And Role Of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells In Post-Sepsis Immune Suppression, Tuqa Alkhateeb
Development, Expansion And Role Of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells In Post-Sepsis Immune Suppression, Tuqa Alkhateeb
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) numbers increase significantly in sepsis and are associated with high mortality rates. These myeloid cell precursors promote immunosuppression, especially in the late (post sepsis) stage. However, the mechanisms that underlie MDSC expansion and programming are not completely understood. To investigate these mechanisms, we used a cecal-ligation and puncture (CLP) mouse model of polymicrobial sepsis that progresses from an early/acute proinflammatory phase to a late/chronic immunosuppressive phase. Previous studies in our laboratory showed that microRNA (miR)-21 and miR-181b elevate levels of the transcription factor nuclear factor 1 (NFI-A) that promotes MDSC expansion. We report here that miR-21 …
Tumor-Derived Exosomes Drive Immunosuppressive Macrophages In A Pre-Metastatic Niche Through Nf-Kβ Dependent Glycolytic Metabolic Reprogramming., Samantha M. Morrissey
Tumor-Derived Exosomes Drive Immunosuppressive Macrophages In A Pre-Metastatic Niche Through Nf-Kβ Dependent Glycolytic Metabolic Reprogramming., Samantha M. Morrissey
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The formation of a pre-metastatic niche is a fundamental requirement for primary tumor metastasis. One of the defining characteristics of a pre-metastatic niche is infiltration of immunosuppressive macrophages. However, how these macrophages acquire their immunosuppressive phenotype remains largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that tumor-derived exosomes (TDE) polarize macrophages towards an immunosuppressive phenotype characterized by increased PD-L1 expression through NF-kB-dependent metabolic reprogramming in mice and humans. While NF-κB has previously been shown to act as a direct transcription factor for PD-L1, we report a novel mechanism where TDE-induced NF-κB activation drives PD-L1 expression by augmenting the glycolytic capacity of macrophages through …
Bdnf-Related Gene Expression Of Laser Capture Microdissected Glutamate Neurons From The Anterior Cingulate Cortex In Mouse Models Of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Misty Owens
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting social behaviors. ASD affects 1 in 59 children with males affected more frequently. ASD is postulated to result from excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission imbalances. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling affects ASD by influencing synaptogenesis, plasticity, and survival. Studying early in-utero neuropathological changes within ASD requires the use of animal models. Expression of BDNF-associated genes were analyzed within laser capture microdissected pyramidal neurons from the anterior cingulate cortex of male and female BTBR and valproic acid mouse models. No expression differences were found in any gene comparing the three groups. Gender comparisons …
Transient Display Of Chimeric Proteins On Biological Surfaces As An Effective Strategy For Modulations Of Innate And Adaptive Immune Responses., Pradeep Shrestha
Transient Display Of Chimeric Proteins On Biological Surfaces As An Effective Strategy For Modulations Of Innate And Adaptive Immune Responses., Pradeep Shrestha
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The major premise of this dissertation was to transiently display novel immunological ligands on biological membranes as a localized means of modulating innate and adaptive immune responses with applications to bone marrow and pancreatic islet transplantation. In Chapter two, we engineered donor allogeneic bone marrow cells to transiently display a novel form of FasL, SA-FasL, to efficiently purge out alloreactive donor T cells to prevent acute GVHD. In Chapter three, we engineered pancreatic islets with a novel form of CD47, SA-CD47, to modulate instant blood mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) to prevent immediate islet graft loss following intraportal transplantation. GVHD is …
Behavioral And Neurobiological Evidence Of Epigenetic Transmission In The Neonatal Quinpirole Rodent Model Of Schizophrenia, Wesley Gill
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Quinpirole is a dopamine D2 receptor agonist that if administered to rats from postnatal day (P)1-21 results in increased dopamine D2 receptor sensitivity throughout the animal’s lifetime. This increase in receptor sensitivity is consistent with schizophrenia. This model has additional consistencies with human schizophrenia, including sensorimotor gating deficits, enhanced behavioral and neurobiological responses to nicotine, and protein alterations consistent with the disorder. In this study, a second generation of the neonatal quinpirole (NQ) rodent model was created to investigate if long term changes caused by NQ treatment would be passed to offspring. NQ treated rats were mated and their offspring …
A Protocol Driven Stroke Code's Impact On Door-To-Needle Times, Jesse Osborne
A Protocol Driven Stroke Code's Impact On Door-To-Needle Times, Jesse Osborne
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is most effective the faster it is able to be administered to a patient that has been affected by stroke. A Stroke Code is a strategy that acute care facilities implement to reduce the time from diagnosing a stroke to administering tPA. The purpose of this study was to determine if the initiation of a Stroke Code in an acute care hospital reduces the door-to-needle time for patients affected by a stroke. In particular, does a Stroke Code reduce door-to-needle times. The research was conducted using data from April 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014 (pre-Stroke …
The Effects Of Nicotine And Cigarette Smoking On Cardiac Electrophysiology., Affan B. Irfan
The Effects Of Nicotine And Cigarette Smoking On Cardiac Electrophysiology., Affan B. Irfan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of preventable disease and premature death worldwide. The adverse effects of cigarette smoking, including proarrhythmia, are related to the mixture of chemicals, including nicotine (which sustains tobacco addiction). However, it remains unclear which individual tobacco smoke constituents and biological pathways mediate this increased risk. The purpose of this research was to explore the chronic effects of cigarette smoking, as well as compare the acute effects of nicotine and cigarette smoking, and the possible role of β-adrenoreceptors, on human cardiac electrophysiology. Chapter 1 is a comprehensive literature review of (a) the ex vivo and in …
The Identification Of Long Non-Coding Rna Zfas1 Through An Exploratory Rna-Sequencing Analysis And Its Association With Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition In Colon Cancer Adenocarcinoma., Stephen J. O'Brien
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Colorectal adenocarcinoma is the fourth most common cancer diagnosed worldwide and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. This dissertation performed an exploratory RNA-sequencing analysis comparing gene expression between colon adenocarcinoma tissue and paired normal colon epithelium. After identification of a number of lncRNAs that were increased in expression in colon adenocarcinoma compared to normal colon epithelium, we aimed to validate the expression and investigate their function in vitro. Specifically, we focused on the lncRNA ZFAS1 and its association with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These studies found the following: 1. Seven candidate lncRNAs were identified from the exploratory RNA-sequencing analysis to …
Cannabidiol, Behavior, And Immune Biomarkers In Idiopathic Autism Spectrum Disorder., Sarah Huang Shrader
Cannabidiol, Behavior, And Immune Biomarkers In Idiopathic Autism Spectrum Disorder., Sarah Huang Shrader
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogenous neurodevelopmental disorder currently estimated by the CDC to affect 1 in 36 children in the U.S.. This uniquely human condition is characterized by a spectrum of symptoms that feature social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors with restricted interest. Autistic individuals commonly exhibit multiple comorbidities, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and seizures, which can complicate an already multi-faceted presentation. The majority of ASD cases are idiopathic in nature. Developing a well-validated animal model of ASD for translational research comes with many challenges, but is crucial for advancing our understanding of autism and …
Coordination Of Airway Protective Behaviors And Swallow: Effects Of Afferent Feedback And Sex., Alyssa D. Huff
Coordination Of Airway Protective Behaviors And Swallow: Effects Of Afferent Feedback And Sex., Alyssa D. Huff
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation represents a series of studies describing mechanisms related to breathing, upper airway behaviors and their coordination in man and animal. Chapter two transformed the cough swallow aspiration protocol from the cat (previous work) to the human introducing a new strategy, volume targeting, in swallow breathing coordination. Chapter three evaluated swallow breathing coordination at increasing altitudes. As respiratory drive altered due to hypoxia and hypocapnia, swallow breathing coordination shifted toward inspiration occurring during the transition from inspiration and expiration. The collection of the two previous studies led to development of an animal model to evaluate volume targeting and …
A Distinct Pattern Of Sterile Inflammation Induced By Zinc Oxide Nanowires., Ruqaih Salem Alghsham
A Distinct Pattern Of Sterile Inflammation Induced By Zinc Oxide Nanowires., Ruqaih Salem Alghsham
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in nanotechnology. Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) become an increasingly important area in nanotechnology. Recent developments in ENMs have drawn commercial and research attention in many areas such as agriculture, medicine, and Industry. High-aspect ratio zinc oxide nanowires (ZnONWs) have become one of the most significant ENMs due to their remarkable physical properties which makes them useful in a wide-range of applications. However, questions have been raised about ZnONW safety uses and biological consequences. In this dissertation, we investigated the inflammatory potential of ZnONWs in mouse models. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to ZnONW …
The Effect Of Spinal Cord Injury On Sexual Function., Casey J. Steadman
The Effect Of Spinal Cord Injury On Sexual Function., Casey J. Steadman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes severe neurological impairment with widespread motor, autonomic and sensory deficits, leading to a substantial quality of life impairment. The number of individuals with SCI increases by approximately 12,500 annually, and over 80% of individuals with SCI are males. SCI individuals rate sexual function as a top priority quality of life issue, and men with SCI likely suffer from sexual dysfunction, such as erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction, as well as infertility. Regardless of the high status of importance of sexual function, limited numbers of experimental studies in SCI animal models have focused on sexual function after …
Novel Mechanisms And Biomarkers In Alcohol-Induced Organ Injury., Christine E. Dolin
Novel Mechanisms And Biomarkers In Alcohol-Induced Organ Injury., Christine E. Dolin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background. Ethanol (EtOH) consumption is known to affect multiple organs; this is unsurprising, as the concentration of EtOH in the blood at relevant doses reaches the millimolar range. The overarching goal of this dissertation was to elucidate mechanisms of alcohol-induced organ injury, specifically the effects of alcohol on the hepatic extracellular matrix (ECM) proteome, the alcoholic hepatitis (AH) plasma peptidome, and the effects of alcohol on the renal cortex proteome and transcriptome. Methods. Mice were pair-fed ethanol-containing liquid diet chronically, and then some mice were administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Liver sections from these mice were processed in a series of increasingly …
Motor And Sensory Characterization Of A Mouse Model Of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Type 2o Disease, Swaran Nandini
Motor And Sensory Characterization Of A Mouse Model Of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Type 2o Disease, Swaran Nandini
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Dynein is an essential motor protein required for the maintenance and survival of cells. Dynein forms a motor complex to carry intracellular cargoes like organelles, growth factors, peptides, and hormones along the microtubules inside the cells. In neurons, the dynein is the retrograde motor protein that moves cargoes from the neuronal tip to the neuronal soma along the length of an axon. Dynein has an established role in neuronal nuclear migration, transport of neuronal survival signals and growth factors, organelle positioning inside neurons etc. Hence, it is not very surprising that numerous mutations in dynein have been reported in association …
Role Of Atm In T Cell Dysfunction During Chronic Viral Infections, Juan Zhao
Role Of Atm In T Cell Dysfunction During Chronic Viral Infections, Juan Zhao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection leads to a phenomenon of inflammaging, in which chronic infection or inflammation induces an immune aged phenotype with T cell dysfunction. Thus, HCV or HIV infection has been deemed as a model to study the mechanisms of T cell infammaging and viral persistence in humans. In this dissertation, T cell homeostasis, DNA damage and repair machineries were investigated in patients with chronic HCV or HIV infection at risk for inflammaging. We found a significant depletion in CD4 T cells, which was correlated with their apoptosis in chronically HCV/HIVinfected patients, compared …