Medical Sciences Commons^™

Swimming Training On Moderate Intensity Significantly Reduces Total Cholesterol And Bodyweight On Hypercholesterolemic Rat Model, Anindya Mar'atus Sholikhah, Mochamad Ridwan

Jurnal Keolahragaan

It is well established that regular exercise has many positive benefits on health. Exercise at the appropriate intensity and level has been shown to improve lipid profile and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study investigates the effect of swimming training on total cholesterol levels and body weight in male Wistar rats. Thirty rats weighing 150-200 grams were randomly divided into one control (C) and two treatment groups (ST=swimming training, SED=sedentary activity). Rats in control (C) group were fed a standard diet, while rats in both treatment groups were fed high-fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia for three weeks. Rats in ST …

Hubungan Antara Sindrom Metabolik Dengan Kebugaran Jasmani Pada Lansia, Prijo Sudibjo, Cerika Rismayanthi, Krisnanda Dwi Apriyanto

Jurnal Keolahragaan

Prevalensi sindrom metabolik pada lansia cukup tinggi. Sindrom metabolik dapat dicegah salah satunya dengan aktivitas fisik. Aktivitas fisik juga dapat meningkatkan kebugaran kardiorespirasi, kelenturan sendi, keseimbangan dan kekuatan otot. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara sindrom metabolik dengan kebugaran kardiorespirasi, fleksibilitas, kekuatan, dan keseimbangan pada lansia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional dengan teknik consecutive sampling pada 118 lansia di Yogyakarta. Sindrom metabolik ditetapkan berdasarkan kriteria diagnosis dari Adult Treatment Panel. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah tes jalan 6 menit (6-minute walking test), sit and reach, hand grip dynamometer, leg and back dynamometer dan berdiri …

Aktivitas Olahraga Bulu Tangkis Dan Respon Perubahan Asam Urat Darah Usia Produktif, Angkit Kinasih, Ronaldo Lomi Djara, Ferry Fredy Karwur

Jurnal Keolahragaan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya respon perubahan pada kadar asam urat akibat aktivitas olahraga bulu tangkis. Desain penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak delapan responden dengan kriteria tertentu. Perlakukan aktivitas fisik dilakukan dua kali pada hari yang berbeda dengan 4 kali pengukuran kadar asam urat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah repeated measure analysis. Ketika subyek diukur berulang kali dengan jumlah yang sedikit per percobaan maka repeated measures analysis dapat digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakukan olahraga bulu tangkis memberikan respon perubahan yang signifikan terhadap perubahan kadar asam urat dengan nilai probabilitas sebesar 0,038. Hasil ini …

The Physiological Benefits Of A Plant-Based Diet On Cardiovascular Health, Jenevieve Petray

Nursing | Senior Theses

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasingly more prevalent in today’s society and is attributed to an alarming percentage of American hospitalizations and deaths. Americans are unhealthier than ever before, and the main contributor is the Western diet. Diet is a double-edged sword that can offer benefits or detriments to one’s health. CVD encompasses numerous diagnoses originating from various underlying physiological alterations. These alterations are downstream effects of increased body weight and BMI, increased cholesterol levels, decreased insulin sensitivity and increased arterial plaque buildup. Research shows that a plant-based diet has the potential to manage and reverse all fundamental physiological alterations that …

Ethanol And Opioids Do Not Act Synergistically To Depress Excitation In Carotid Body Type I Cells, Ryan J. Rakoczy, Kajal Kamra, Yoon-Jae Yi, Christopher N. Wyatt

Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications

The combination of opioids and ethanol can synergistically depress breathing and the acute ventilatory response to hypoxia. Multiple studies have shown that the underlying mechanisms for this may involve calcium channel inhibition in central neurons. But we have previously identified opioid receptors in the carotid bodies and shown that their activation inhibits calcium influx into the chemosensitive cells. Given that the carotid bodies contribute to the drive to breathe and underpin the acute hypoxic ventilatory response, we hypothesized that ethanol and opioids may act synergistically in these peripheral sensory organs to further inhibit calcium influx and therefore inhibit ventilation.

Methods …

Genetic Targeting Of Adult Renshaw Cells Using A Calbindin 1 Destabilized Cre Allele For Intersection With Parvalbumin Or Engrailed1, Alicia R. Lane, Indeara C. Cogdell, Thomas M. Jessell, Jay B. Bikoff, Francisco J. Alvarez

Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications

Renshaw cells (RCs) are one of the most studied spinal interneurons; however, their roles in motor control remain enigmatic in part due to the lack of experimental models to interfere with RC function, specifically in adults. To overcome this limitation, we leveraged the distinct temporal regulation of Calbindin (Calb1) expression in RCs to create genetic models for timed RC manipulation. We used a Calb1 allele expressing a destabilized Cre (dgCre) theoretically active only upon trimethoprim (TMP) administration. TMP timing and dose influenced RC targeting efficiency, which was highest within the first three postnatal weeks, but specificity was low with …

Nsaids Naproxen, Ibuprofen, Salicylate, And Aspirin Inhibit Trpm7 Channels By Cytosolic Acidification, Rikki Chokshi, Orville Bennett, Tetyana Zhelay, J. Ashot Kozak

Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used for relieving pain and inflammation accompanying numerous disease states. The primary therapeutic mechanism of these widely used drugs is the inhibition of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX1, 2) enzymes that catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. At higher doses, NSAIDs are used for prevention of certain types of cancer and as experimental treatments for Alzheimer’s disease. In the immune system, various NSAIDs have been reported to influence neutrophil function and lymphocyte proliferation, and affect ion channels and cellular calcium homeostasis. Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) cation channels are highly expressed in …

The Impact Of High Intensity Interval Training On Neurogenesis And Angiogenesis In The Dentate Gyrus, Darrin Lenhart

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

BACKGROUND: Exercise is associated with improved neuronal health and longevity, synaptic plasticity, cerebral blood volume, overall brain volume, and neurogenesis which collectively may have the power to forestall neurodegenerative disease.

PURPOSE: This study aims to explore the impact of high intensity interval training on individuals with mild cognitive impairment using a range of cognitive, physiological, and biomechanical measures. Specifically, this study seeks to assess the impact of high intensity interval training on neurogenesis and angiogenesis in the dentate gyrus of individuals with mild cognitive impairment versus healthy age-matched controls, as assessed by urinalysis of BDNF levels, performance on the Rey …

Effects Of Hormone Replacement Therapy (Hrt) On Gene Expression In The Amyloid Processing Pathway Of Ovariectomized Rhesus Macaque Females Under An Obesogenic Diet, Megan Ball

University Honors Theses

Estrogens rapidly decline at the onset of menopause, putting women at higher risk of osteoporosis, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Estradiol hormone therapies (HT) have been suggested to limit these negative effects on women, with controversial findings as to their effectiveness. A study at OHSU recently found differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using RNAseq between ovariectomized/hysterectomized (OvH) old (range = 19.4–23.2 years) female rhesus macaques on HT and those on a placebo on chronic western style diet (WSD). The DEGs identified in the amyloid processing pathway of the amygdala were selected for validation using RT-qPCR because β-amyloid peptide …

Placenta-Specific Slc38a2/Snat2 Knockdown Causes Fetal Growth Restriction In Mice, Owen R. Vaughan, Katarzyna Maksym, Elena Silva, Kenneth Barentsen, Russel V. Anthony, Sara L. Hillman, Thomas L. Brown, Rebecca Spencer, Anna L. David, Fredrick J. Rosario, Theresa L. Powell, Thomas Jansson

Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a complication of pregnancy that reduces birth weight, markedly increases infant mortality and morbidity and is associated with later-life cardiometabolic disease. No specific treatment is available for FGR. Placentas of human FGR infants have low abundance of sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (Slc38a2/SNAT2), which supplies the fetus with amino acids required for growth. We determined the mechanistic role of placental Slc38a2/SNAT2 deficiency in the development of restricted fetal growth, hypothesizing that placenta-specific Slc38a2 knockdown causes FGR in mice. Using lentiviral transduction of blastocysts with a small hairpin RNA (shRNA), we achieved 59% knockdown of …

Investigations In The Cellular And Molecular Biology Of Human Airway Mucociliary Tissue, Vincent Manna

Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Theses and Dissertations

Our laboratory has integrated the use of a human-derived, in vitro model of airway mucociliary tissue. We isolate human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) from the nasal mucociliary tissue of donors with a small brush and expand the airway progenitor cells in culture. The HNECs are then seeded onto semi-permeable transwell inserts. The inserts are in contact with the media in the lower chamber but don’t contain media in the upper chamber therefore the cells are exposed to the air while drawing nutrients from the media below, this is called the Air-Liquid Interface (ALI). HNECs cultured at the ALI initiate a …

Modulation Of Glucose Homeostasis By Nucleotide P2y2 Receptor And Biological Sex, Hailee Anne Marino

MSU Graduate Theses

Recent insights into the pathological role of Nucleotide P2Y₂ receptor suggest P2Y₂R involvement in high fat diet-induced obesity and potentiates insulin resistance. However, these recent insights do not demonstrate how P2Y₂R modulates glucose homeostasis under physiological conditions. Further, it remains unknown how sex biological factors influence P2Y₂R receptor signaling in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. The research objective for the present study is to elucidate the novel roles of P2Y₂ in fasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance (basal insulin sensitivity) under resting conditions in males and females. We expected that under physiological …

Current State Of Preeclampsia Mouse Models: Approaches, Relevance, And Standardization, Christopher A. Waker, Melissa R. Kaufman, Thomas L. Brown

Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications

Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystemic, pregnancy-specific disorder and a leading cause of maternal and fetal death. PE is also associated with an increased risk for chronic morbidities later in life for mother and offspring. Abnormal placentation or placental function has been well-established as central to the genesis of PE; yet much remains to be determined about the factors involved in the development of this condition. Despite decades of investigation and many clinical trials, the only definitive treatment is parturition. To better understand the condition and identify potential targets preclinically, many approaches to simulate PE in mice have been developed and …

Malignant Hyperthermia, Joel Jackson

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a hypermetabolic response to succinylcholine or inhaled volatile gases administered during anesthesia and is caused by an autosomal dominant mutation of RYR1 or CACNA1S genes which affect how calcium channels function. The uncontrolled, unopposed calcium release and excitation-contraction coupling results in sustained skeletal muscle contraction resulting in muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, hypercapnia, hypertension, and tachycardia among other less common clinical features. The sequelae of an MH crisis include renal failure, rhabdomyolysis, hyperkalemia, metabolic disturbance and left untreated will result in mortality. All clinicians involved in peri-operative care both in-hospital and out of hospital must be cognizant of …

The Role Of Action Potential Waveform In Failure Of Excitation Contraction Coupling, Xueyong Wang, Murad Nawaz, Steve R.A. Burke, Roger Bannister, Brent D. Foy, Andrew A. Voss, Mark M. Rich

Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications

Excitation contraction coupling (ECC) is the process by which electrical excitation of muscle is converted into force generation. Depolarization of skeletal muscle resting potential contributes to failure of ECC in diseases such as periodic paralysis, ICU acquired weakness and possibly fatigue of muscle during vigorous exercise. When extracellular K+ is raised to depolarize the resting potential, failure of ECC occurs suddenly, over a range of several mV of resting potential. While some studies have hypothesized the sudden failure of ECC is due to all-or-none failure of excitation, other studies suggest failure of excitation is graded. Intracellular recordings of action potentials …

Analysis Of Occupational Therapy’S Role To Promote Healthy Sleep Participation To Support Caregivers Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Sophia N. Roman

Student Capstone Papers

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face sleep disturbances. Healthy sleep habits are essential for children with ASD and their caregivers to properly engage in their everyday lives. Occupational therapists are trained to evaluate clients in areas that contribute to sleep dysfunction and to focus on promoting optimal sleep performance. There is limited research on caregivers’ perceptions of their child’s sleep disturbances, these disturbances’ influence on occupational engagement, and whether occupational therapists have collaborated with caregivers of children with ASD to treat this area of occupation. Collecting data from caregivers by using a questionnaire can provide occupational therapy (OT) practitioners …

Utility Of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy To Reduce Pain In Children With Sickle Cell Disease, Abigail Radomsky

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A clinical decision report appraising:

Schatz J, Schlenz AM, McClellan CB, et al. Changes in coping, pain, and activity after cognitive-behavioral training. The Clinical Journal of Pain 2015;31(6):536-47 https://doi.org/10.1097/ajp.0000000000000183

for a child with sickle cell disease.

Reiki For Recovery: Incorporating Japanese Health Practices To Increase Contemporary Resiliency In American Health, Leif Peterson

Master's Projects and Capstones

The Japanese health practice of Reiki attempts to maximize the latent ability of the human system to heal itself. The Reiki system, established over a century ago, combines multiple Asian health traditions, experimenting with practices that maximize the natural processes of the body to perform its own repairs. Reiki encourages healthy behaviors that balance the mind and body, return the human system to a lowered stress level, and allow for an optimal recovery state for the patient. This paper illustrates how this Japanese health-affirming method can be integrated and utilized within existing health and medical practices. An area that is …

Neural Oscillatory Activity Serving Sensorimotor Control Is Regulated By The Mitochondrial Redox Environment In Health And Disease, Rachel Spooner

Theses & Dissertations

Despite effective regimens of combination antiretroviral therapy, individuals with HIV are still at higher risk for developing forms of cognitive impairment, with one of the most common behavioral abnormalities to manifest being motor dysfunction. This is an important consideration, as deficits in motor control likely contribute to higher-order cognitive impairments, which together, lead to functional dependencies in the ever-growing aging population of HIV-infected adults. While the neuroanatomical bases of motor dysfunction have recently been illuminated in people living with HIV (PLWH), there remains an open question regarding the molecular processes supporting the circuit-level neuronal dynamics that potentially serve these behavioral …

Identification Of The E3 Ligase That Directs The Degradation Of Proteins That Control Cell Fate Decisions In Yeast, Prasanna Tati, Stephen D Willis, Katrina F. Cooper

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy pathways are distinct, highly conserved proteolytic systems that play important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis in response to environmental cues [1]. The goal of this project is to identify the E3 ligase that mediates the degradation of cyclin C following nitrogen starvation in yeast using quantitative Western blot analysis of cyclin C-myc following nitrogen starvation in mutants of known Ubc4/5 interacting E3 ligases. No potential E3 ligases were identified as stable after 4 hours of nitrogen starvation, suggesting redundancy in function.

Affiliative Social Interactions Activate Vasopressin-Responsive Neurons In The Mouse Dorsal Raphe, Tirth Patel, Hanna O. Caiola, Olivia Mallari, Benjamin D. Rood

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Social behavior is inextricably linked to human health, shaping both our susceptibility and resilience to disease and stress. Positive interactions as simple as maternal contact or friendships among children and adults can protect against emotional distress and improve treatment outcomes, whereas negative interactions such as abuse, social isolation, or bullying can increase aggression and precipitate mood disorders. Discovering the structure and function of neural circuits underlying social behavior is critical to understanding the link between social interaction and health. The neuropeptide vasopressin has been implicated in the regulation of multiple social interactions including social memory, aggression, mating, pair-bonding, and parental …

The Relationship Of Divine Forgiveness, Victim Forgiveness, And Physical Health Mediated By Stress, Lemuel Josiah C. Ragasajo

Senior Honors Theses

Though there is increasing evidence to support a relationship between forgiveness and physical health, certain subcategories of forgiveness, namely victim and divine forgiveness, are relatively understudied. This study seeks to add to the body of forgiveness literature by examining how divine and victim forgiveness relate to one’s physical health, and whether that relationship is mediated by stress. Furthermore, a literature review is included to detail how stress, a potential mediating variable between forgiveness and physical health, affects physical health. The results of the study reveal that victim forgiveness positively predicts physical health, but is not mediated by stress. In contrast, …

The Mechanism Underlying Transient Weakness In Myotonia Congenita, Jessica H. Myers, Kirsten Denman, Chris Dupont, Ahmed A. Hawash, Kevin R. Novak, Andrew Koesters, Manfred Grabner, Anamika Dayal, Andrew A. Voss, Mark M. Rich

Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications

In addition to the hallmark muscle stiffness, patients with recessive myotonia congenita (Becker disease) experience debilitating bouts of transient weakness that remain poorly understood despite years of study. We performed intracellular recordings from muscle of both genetic and pharmacologic mouse models of Becker disease to identify the mechanism underlying transient weakness. Our recordings reveal transient depolarizations (plateau potentials) of the membrane potential to -25 to -35 mV in the genetic and pharmacologic models of Becker disease. Both Na + and Ca 2+ currents contribute to plateau potentials. Na + persistent inward current (NaPIC) through Na V 1.4 channels is the …

Differential Effects Of Kim-1 In Subcutaneous And Orthotopic Renca Models Of Kidney Cancer, Demitra M. Yotis Dy

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most common and fatal type of kidney cancer. Over 30% of patients that are diagnosed with RCC exhibit metastases. Almost 88% of patients with distant metastases succumb to the disease within 5 years of diagnosis. Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a cell surface glycoprotein that is not expressed in a healthy kidney but becomes highly expressed on proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) following injury. Data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) reveals that >90% of RCC tumours express KIM-1 mRNA and that higher expression levels correlate with increased overall survival rates of patients. The …

A Mouse Model Of Huntington’S Disease Shows Altered Ultrastructure Of Transverse Tubules In Skeletal Muscle Fibers, Shannon H. Romer, Sabrina Metzger, Kristiana Peraza, Matthew C. Wright, D. Scott Jobe, Long-Sheng Song, Mark M. Rich, Brent D. Foy, Robert J. Talmadge, Andrew A. Voss

Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal and progressive condition with severe debilitating motor defects and muscle weakness. Although classically recognized as a neurodegenerative disorder, there is increasing evidence of cell autonomous toxicity in skeletal muscle. We recently demonstrated that skeletal muscle fibers from the R6/2 model mouse of HD have a decrease in specific membrane capacitance, suggesting a loss of transverse tubule (t-tubule) membrane in R6/2 muscle. A previous report also indicated that Cav1.1 current was reduced in R6/2 skeletal muscle, suggesting defects in excitation–contraction (EC) coupling. Thus, we hypothesized that a loss and/or disruption of the skeletal muscle t-tubule …

Pvn Activity In Cardiac Sympathetic Afferent Reflex (Csar) Control And Cardiovascular Function, Shane H. Boomer

Honors Thesis

Regulation of blood pressure is essential in bodily health. Hypertension and hypotension can be associated with varying diseases that could potentiate further disease. From this, understanding the mechanisms that regulate blood pressure is important within medicine. In my study, I will be focusing on a cardiovascular reflex that is less well understood, the cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR). In particular, this work will examine sex differences in this reflex in overall function and in the involvement of an area of the brain called the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). We will test the hypothesis that there will be a significant difference between …

Neurophysiology Of Space Medicine: A Literature Review, Jose R. Velasquez

MEDI 9331 Scholarly Activities Clinical Years

Space medicine is becoming an essential and expanding clinical discipline. Acquiring a deeper and complete picture understanding of the multi-systemic response due to space on human health and function is essential to ensure the success of future space exploration. A comprehensive review of the literature was performed using PubMed and focused on the current neurophysiologic findings of the central nervous system’s response to space. Ground-based analogues, which mimic the effects of microgravity, and actual spaceflight studies have been used to analyze these physiologic adaptations to space. Overall, cerebellar, sensorimotor and vestibular brain regions seem to be affected the most. Through …

Methamphetamine Associated Cardiomyopathy In Pregnancy: The Distinctions And The Implications, Ashan Hatharasinghe, Hossein Akhondi

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Introduction

Methamphetamine associated cardiomyopathy (MAC) and peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) are both rare obstetric conditions. Literature regarding methamphetamine associated cardiomyopathy in the obstetric population is limited, and it can be difficult to make the distinction between the two given the similarities in clinical presentation. However similar, there are significant distinctions in the pathophysiology of these two that can help clinicians with the management process.

Clinical Findings and Outcomes

This case involves a 35-year-old Hispanic G6P5005 at 37 weeks gestation presenting with acute respiratory failure secondary to acute decompensated heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and superimposed preeclampsia leading to urgent cesarean …

Measuring Mitochondrial Respiration In Vivo: From Mouse To Human, Arthur Orchanian, Brennan Schilling, Bruce Berkowitz Phd

Medical Student Research Symposium

Introduction: The mitochondrial energy ecosystem can be non-invasively interrogated in photoreceptors by combing a clinical tool, optical coherence tomography (OCT), with a mitochondrial protonophore (2,4 dinitrophenol, DNP). It remains unclear if only supra-clinical doses of DNP will be useful for mouse studies or if lower but clinically relevant doses of DNP would facilitate translation from mice to humans.

Methods: The experiment was a paired longitudinal design that took place over 2 days. On day 1, C57BL/6J mice were overnight dark adapted, then light-adapted for 5 h before OCT examination before regaining consciousness; a similar procedure was followed on day 2 …

Chronic Use Of Non-Medical Abdominal Compressors: Medical And Psychological Implications, Sawsan Edriss, Bushra Azom, Manar Edriss, Mustafa Edriss, Ann-Cathrin Guertler, Eva Waineo Md, Diane L. Levine Md

Medical Student Research Symposium

The popularity of waist cinchers, shapewear, abdominal binders, corsets, and waist trainers has increased in the population. Although corsets have been part of western fashion since the 18th century, abdominal compressors remain in style even today. In 2018, sales for shapewear worldwide were estimated at 2.26 billion USD. 1 Despite its popularity, shapewear safety and medical effects have not been widely studied.

In 1968, “Pantygirdle Syndrome” was described, attributing vulvitis, urethritis, and urinary tract infections to materials used from the “pantygirdle”. 2 The article describes that the girdle caused gastrointestinal symptoms with diaphragmatic and stomach displacement causing gastro-esophageal reflux disease …