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Articles 61 - 68 of 68
Full-Text Articles in Medical Sciences
Epigenetic Activation Of The Mouse T Cell Receptor Beta Recombination Center, Jiangyang Zhao
Epigenetic Activation Of The Mouse T Cell Receptor Beta Recombination Center, Jiangyang Zhao
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Lymphocytes are the work horses of adaptive immunity. Compared to the B lymphocyte lineage, early stage progenitors of T lymphocytes maintain considerable potential for differentiation into other hematopoietic lineages. T lineage commitment requires the continuous coordination of transcription factors (TFs) by Notch1 signaling after multi-potent progenitors (MPPs) migrate to thymus. One of the first hall marks of T lineage commitment is expression of the T cell receptor β (TCRβ), which is encoded by the Tcrb locus following its assembly by V(D)J recombination, a somatic shuffling of the genome that joins one V, one D, and one J gene segment. Tcrb …
Defining The Ontogeny And Functions Of Macrophages In Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Yu Zhu
Defining The Ontogeny And Functions Of Macrophages In Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Yu Zhu
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The immune system plays an essential role in protecting the host organisms against both foreign invaders and self-attacks arisen within the host, such as tumors. Instead of promoting the long-term fitness of the organism, the immune system is often suppressed or hijacked by tumor cells to accelerate the progression of malignancies. Among the key drivers of immune suppression, macrophages are one of the most abundant immune cells present in tumor tissues. High levels of macrophage infiltration in the malignant tissues correlate with negative patient outcome in many types of cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most lethal …
The Resolution Phase Of Nk Cell Proliferation And Ifn Production Following Viral Infection Are Highly Regulated Processes., Leslie Abigail Fogel
The Resolution Phase Of Nk Cell Proliferation And Ifn Production Following Viral Infection Are Highly Regulated Processes., Leslie Abigail Fogel
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In response to MCMV infection, NK cells undergo three distinct phases of proliferation: the non-specific phase mediated by pro-proliferative cytokines; the specific phase mediated by recognition of an MCMV-encoded protein by an NK cell activating receptor, Ly49H; and the resolution phase, whose mechanism is unknown. MCMV infection of RAG mice, which lack all adaptive immune cells, results in prolonged proliferation of NK cells despite similar viral titers compared to wildtype mice. Interestingly, there are different kinetics for Ly49H+ and Ly49H- NK cells. We have identified several additional markers that may distinguish NK cells that have been specifically activated through their …
Iron Regulation Of Macrophage Responses To Uropathogenic E. Coli, Nana Kwame Owusu-Boaitey
Iron Regulation Of Macrophage Responses To Uropathogenic E. Coli, Nana Kwame Owusu-Boaitey
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) are the principal cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), one of the most common infections globally. Given the rising incidence of antibiotic resistance among UPEC strains, there is an increasing need to better understand the host response to UPEC and to develop ways to harness the bladder innate immune response that clears infection. In response to infection, the host attempts to limit the ability of UPEC to access iron, a metal critical to UPEC survival. Innate immune cells known as macrophages are known to regulate iron homeostasis through the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though it remains …
Omcp Mediated Cowpox Virulence And Its Dependence On The Immune Receptors Nkg2d And Fcrl5., Michel Muzi Sun
Omcp Mediated Cowpox Virulence And Its Dependence On The Immune Receptors Nkg2d And Fcrl5., Michel Muzi Sun
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Viruses with large DNA genomes, such as cowpox virus, encode many open-reading frames involved in the modulation of the host immune system, facilitating escape from immune detection or downregulation of specific aspects of the host immune response. Investigation of virally-encoded immunoevasins has been instrumental in understanding host-pathogen interactions. Here, we focus on the cowpox virus immunoevasin Orthopoxvirus MHC Class I-like Protein (OMCP) and demonstrate for the first time that OMCP facilitates cowpox virus virulence in vivo. We have previously documented that OMCP binds the activating receptor NKG2D on NK cells as well as the orphan receptor FCRL5 on innate B …
Role Of Atg16l1 In Uropathogenic E. Coli Pathogenesis, Jane Symington
Role Of Atg16l1 In Uropathogenic E. Coli Pathogenesis, Jane Symington
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infectious diseases and are primarily caused by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). Given the greater incidence of antibiotic resistance among UPEC isolates, it is vital to determine factors and pathways important for an effective host response to UPEC in order to improve therapeutic options for combating UTIs. Autophagy is a cellular degradation pathway that plays important roles in pathogen control and modulation of innate immunity. One essential autophagy protein, ATG16L1, has been further implicated in controlling inflammation due to a common variant of ATG16L1 being associated with increased risk of Crohns disease, …
Understanding The Interactions Of Developing Thymocytes And Antigen Presenting Cells In The Thymic Medulla, Justin Shaun Arnold Perry
Understanding The Interactions Of Developing Thymocytes And Antigen Presenting Cells In The Thymic Medulla, Justin Shaun Arnold Perry
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Various thymic APC subsets have been invoked in deletional tolerance and Treg cell induction, but previous studies either assessed total T cell numbers or used TCR transgenic lines, obscuring roles that individual thymic APC subsets might serve for particular antigen-specific T cell populations. Utilizing T cell receptor sequencing, we found that medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) and bone marrow-derived (BM) APCs delete or select unique conventional and Treg cell TCR repertoires, demonstrating distinct roles for these APCs. We show that BM APCs and mTECs each contribute to Aire-dependent T cell tolerance development, albeit through either cooperative or autologous antigen presentation …
Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor Reprograms The Bone Marrow Microenvironment To Suppress B Lymphopoiesis, Ryan Brent Day
Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor Reprograms The Bone Marrow Microenvironment To Suppress B Lymphopoiesis, Ryan Brent Day
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The production of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow is tightly and dynamically regulated in response to environmental stimuli. In response to infection, the bone marrow increases granulopoiesis at the expense of lymphopoiesis. The mechanisms mediating this shift are poorly understood. We show that treatment with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), which is often induced during infection, results in marked decline of B lymphocytes at multiple stages of bone marrow B cell development. Transgenic mouse models show that G-CSF acts in a non-cell intrinsic fashion through cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage to suppress B lymphopoiesis by downregulating important B trophic factors …