Medical Education Commons^™

Identifying Maximal Fat Oxidation During Arm Ergometry, Carly Schuerger, Zachary Jordan, Cristian Gonzales, Todd A. Astorino Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Metabolic responses have been extensively studied in response to various exercise modalities, such as treadmill running and cycling. Achten et al. (2002) demonstrated that graded exercise testing in trained cyclists using 3 minute (min) stages led to similar estimates of fat oxidation (FOx) and maximal fat oxidation (MFO) as 5 min stages. However, minimal research has studied FOx responses during exercises using arm cycle ergometry (ACE). PURPOSE: To compare FOx responses during progressive ACE using 3 and 5 min stages. METHODS: Participants consisted of 11 healthy, non-obese men and women (age = 24±9 yr, %BF

= 23±5%, VO2peak …

Effects Of Stair Stepping On Late Day Postprandial Glycemia, Austin M. Morales, William Wong, Jochen Kressler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Increased postprandial glycemia is problematic as chronic increases make one more susceptible to diabetes, cardiovascular disease and mortality. It is important to explore exercise interventions that are convenient and effective in reducing postprandial glycemia. PURPOSE: The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether the benefits of very short, single bout stair stepping established for early day food consumption extend to late day food consumption. METHODS: Seven participants without glycemic control abnormalities performed two standard oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), consuming 75g of glucose dissolved in 350mL of water followed by assessment of blood glucose response for 2 …

Impact Of Submaximal Versus Supramaximal High-Intensity Interval Training On Blood Glucose Regulation In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Jennifer A. Weil, Daryl Lee Parker

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an efficient form of exercise that can potentially induce significant and clinically meaningful blood glucose improvements in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is unknown whether certain HIIT interval intensities may be more effective than others in combating hyperglycemia in T2DM. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if submaximal or supramaximal HIIT reduces blood glucose or improves markers of insulin resistance more than the other in T2DM patients using a systematic review and meta-analytical approach. METHODS: Three databases (Embase/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and PubMed) were systematically searched in July 2021 …

Effects Of Aerobic Exercise On Individulas With Down Syndrome Via Telerehabilitation, Zeel K. Patel Miss, Isha Gautami, Namrata Jain, Jacob Hinkel-Lipsker Professor

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND: Most of the children and adolescents with Down’s syndrome (DS) have poor aerobic capacity, physical fitness and demonstrate diminished cognitive abilities. Recent studies suggest that increased physical activity may prove to be important for maintaining components of cognition, including memory along with physical fitness.

In addition, there is interest among practitioners in determining the efficacy of virtual exercise classes, which can be more convenient for clients. However, it is unknown whether group exercise classes delivered over videoconferencing achieve desired outcomes—particularly in special populations such as those with DS.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect …

The Rankl And Nox2 Signaling In The Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Models Of Skeletal Muscle, Joo Hyun Kim, Mariam Othman, Khaled Moustafa, John Michael Lawler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

There is a severe sort of muscle disorder and dysfunction caused by a mutation of the dystrophin gene which is called Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The establishment of pathology in the limbs, respiratory systems, and hearts of DMD patients is the awareness of the main point for the inflammation and elevation of oxidative stress. NADPH oxidase-2 (Nox2) produces reactive oxygen species in response to skeletal muscle contractions. Recent studies show that various myopathy indicated the key stress response proteins which can modulate Nox2. The TRAF 6 and RANKL lead to Nox2 complex migration and construction. An increase of pro-inflammatory proteins …

Reliability Of Bell’S Test Conducted With Virtual Reality, Disha A. Kapoor, Karishma Patel, Annette Buitrago, Joseph B. Hazzard, William E. Amonette

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cancellation tasks are commonly used assessment tools to detect unilateral neglect. Bell’s Test, one of the most commonly administered cancellation tasks, requires individuals to quickly and accurately identify “bells” randomly placed in an array of symbols. The reliability of Bells Test conducted with a paper and pencil is well established. A newly developed, commercial software application, allows Bell’s Test to be administered in fully immersive virtual reality environment. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to measure the reliability of the Bell’s Test using a virtual reality (VR) system and to establish the level of agreement between the pen-paper …

Sublingual Caffeine Supplementation And Its Effects On Physical Performance Measures In Highly Fit United States Military Personnel, Reggie B. O'Hara

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Caffeine is a commonly used countermeasure to combat sleep deprivation and alleviate physiological and psychological performance degradations in highly trained military personnel operating in extreme environments for extending periods. Although the mechanisms of action of caffeine are well described in the literature, the ergogenic effects of caffeine are variable based on the individual’s nutritional status, sensitivity to caffeine, genetics, dose, timing, and overall physical condition. PURPOSE: To explore the effects of moderate doses of sublingual caffeine on physical performance measures and perceptions of fatigue in highly fit U.S. military personnel. METHODS: A convenience sample of eleven highly trained, …

Preliminary Findings From A Pediatric Physical Activity Program For Children With Cancer, Paulette M. Yamada, Erin O. Bantum, Erin E. Centeio, Kelley Hutchins, Laura Bonilla, Carie Sumida, Jayna Lee, Sabrina Cao, Grace Lopez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

It is critical for pediatric patients diagnosed with cancer to engage in physical activity (PA) as it is associated with positive psychosocial outcomes and may improve physical function. However, physical activity opportunities for pediatric cancer patients are limited. PURPOSE: To test the feasibility and adherence of pediatric cancer patients to a virtual PA program. METHODS: Pediatric patients undergoing cancer treatment were referred to the Pediatric Physical Activity program (PePA) by the Children’s Hospital’s oncology team using rolling recruitment. The target sample size was 20-25 patients. Patients enrolled in an online 12-week PA intervention with similar-aged peers (2x/week, 60 …

Aerobic Fitness Levels Relate To Cognitive Function In People With Parkinson’S Disease As Assessed By The 6 Minute Walk Test, John Wallace, Kaylie Zapanta, E Todd Schroeder, Beth Fisher

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

While individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) present with impaired motor control, 26% demonstrate cognitive impairment independent of dementia¹. In fact, cognitive dysfunction often predates motor impairments and can diminish quality of life² as well as life expectancy³. Fortunately, aerobic exercise has been shown to improve cognition in older adults⁴ as well as PD patients^5-7. However, only a limited number of studies have determined a clear relationship between aerobic fitness levels and cognition in people with PD. Determining whether cognitive status and aerobic fitness levels are associated in people with PD would provide …

The Relationship Between Catecholamines And Lactate Concentration In Response To Exercise In Adolescents With Obesity, Vincent Vuong, Daniela Rubin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Epinephrine is a catabolic hormone that increases metabolism through glycolysis and glycogenolysis. During exercise, accelerated glycogen and glucose breakdown is associated with increased lactate production. Previous studies show obesity (OB) decreases the epinephrine response during exercise potentially affecting glucose metabolism and lactate production. PURPOSE: To compare the epinephrine and lactate responses in adolescents with OB and adolescents with normal weight (NW) and to determine if changes in epinephrine and lactate concentrations are associated. METHODS: 12 adolescents with OB (9.2 ± 1.2 y, 39.9 ± 6.8% body fat) and 12 adolescents with NW (17.5 ± 4.6% body fat) completed …

Aging Male Runners Show Achilles Tendon Thinning Following A 10k Run While Females Do Not - Pilot Analysis, Annie Smedley, Joshua Sponbeck, Benjamin Smedley, Aaron W. Johnson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Achilles tendon experiences large amounts of force while running, which leads to Achilles tendon adaptation. One known Achilles tendon adaptation to running is Achilles tendon thinning. The Achilles tendon thinning response has not been examined at multiple locations of the Achilles tendon and has not been studied in an aging (>50 y) population. PURPOSE: We examined the effect of a 10k run on Achilles tendon cross sectional area in three locations of the Achilles tendon in runners aged 50 years and older. METHODS: Seven runners - three male (age = 73.6 y ±8.2, height = 174.4 …

A Career In Healthcare For Students In A Graduate Level Clinical Exercise Physiology Program, Julianne Skeen, Donna Cataldo, Holly Bright, Macy Wright, Zeyu Song, Robert Scales

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Physician referrals to physical therapy are common in mainstream healthcare practice. Clinical Exercise Physiologists (CEPs) are mostly limited to employment as a practitioner in supervised cardiac rehabilitation (CR) or cardiology-based diagnostics and stress testing. PURPOSE: This investigation was conducted to identify employment trends in healthcare for a cohort of CEPs prior to or within 1-year after graduation from an accredited CEP Program (2017-2022). METHODS: A 5-year retrospective review of university and internship site historical records was conducted to determine the career path of the CEPs. This investigation included a sample of 10 students (50% female) that successfully completed a cardiology-based …

Comparing Perceptual Responses Between Different Modalities Of Sprint Interval Training (Sit), Shealin Pierce, Madisen Piva, Todd Astorino Ph.D

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Although the time-efficiency and physiological benefits of SIT are well-documented, it has been criticized for eliciting adverse psychological responses in many adults, which are a potential barrier to long-term exercise adherence. To date, minimal research has studied the influence of exercise modality on perceptual responses to SIT. PURPOSE: To compare perceptual responses between different modalities of SIT in adults. METHODS: Subjects consisted of 11 healthy, non-obese men and women (age= 27±9 year, %BF=16±5%) who are physically active (PA=5±2hr). Participants initially underwent graded exercise testing to determine VO₂max and peak power output (PPO) on the arm (ACE) and leg cycle ergometer …

The Relationship Between Physical Activity And Quality Of Sleep In College Students, Jaidyn N. Olson, Sarah Dunn

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In addition to the rigors of academic life post pandemic, students are often faced with balancing a healthy mindset, extracurricular activities, family time, and employment, all while pursuing their future professional career. Each of these endeavors takes time and effort on the part of the individual. When stressed with little time to spare, health behaviors in a college student are typically last on the list of priorities and often physical activity and sleep get the least amount of attention. While both sleep and physical activity have been shown to benefit college student success, they are more often than not, forgotten. …

The Effect Of Sleep Quality On Profile Of Mood, Physiological Responses, And Athletic Performance, Sarah Nash, Matthew Fowler, Bulent Sokmen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

While the extent of an athlete’s physiological adaptations varies due to a range of external factors, sleep deprivation has been proven to negatively affect one’s training and, ultimately, one’s overall athletic success. Sleep deprivation, either for a short or prolonged period of time, also leads to adverse psychological effects, as measured by the alteration of genes in the brain. PURPOSE: This study investigates how both normal sleep and sleep deprivation affect an athlete’s recovery, overall skeletal muscle performance, and mental state. METHODS: Using a randomized-crossover design, 7 healthy individuals, 3 males and 4 females, with at least 1 …

Distinguishing Increased Adiposity And/Or Aerobic Deconditioning As Moderators Of Low Vo2peak In Obese Men, Jeff M. Moore, Carrie Ferguson, Molly M. Baldwin, Ronald S. Swerdloff, Christina Wang, Wei Yan, Harry B. Rossiter Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Peak oxygen uptake (V̇O_2peak) in a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is a strong predictor of morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. V̇O_2peak in obese individuals is typically below the lower limit of normal (2 transport and utilization, i.e. aerobic deconditioning; or both. We hypothesized a modified CPET, to measure the fraction of maximum isokinetic power that can be supported by aerobic metabolism, will distinguish between adiposity and deconditioning effects on V̇O_2peak. PURPOSE: To compare V̇O_2peak and isokinetic neuromuscular performance in obese vs non-obese men. METHODS: A modified CPET with maximal (3 s) isokinetic cycling …

A Novel Use Of Concussion Protocols In The Management Of The Cognitive Effects In Long Haul Covid, Rodiel Kirby Baloy Pt, Dpt, Eds, Ms, Olivia S. Tarca Bs, Spt, Harold Lueders Spt, Angel Ramos Spt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Some individuals diagnosed with Long Haul COVID (lCOVID) have concurrently reported cognitive issues such as confusion, forgetfulness, decreased attention time, and difficulty focusing. This series of symptoms is termed brain fog. PURPOSE: Patients with reports of brain fog may benefit from the utilization of protocols associated with concussion rehabilitation to reduce the effects of confusion, frustration, and difficulty focusing on exercise instructions. This study looked at the novel application of the concussion rehabilitation protocol to mitigate the cognitive issues linked to brain fog through a course of physical therapy for lCOVID recovery. METHODS: This case report tracked a 57-year-old female …

Preliminary Analysis Of Male And Female Size Differences Of The Achilles Tendon In Active Aging Adults, Brie Gisseman, Joshua Sponbeck, Emily Jeffery, Christian Lefevre, Brent Feland, Ron Hager, Aaron W. Johnson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Achilles tendinopathy impacts athletes of all ages. The Achilles tendon plays a key role in most athletic movements and is vital in the gait cycle. The prevalence of Achilles tendinopathy is associated with increasing age, which causes problems with gait and decreases quality of life. PURPOSE: We investigated factors associated with differences in Achilles size — cross sectional area (CSA) and thickness — in active maturing adults. METHODS: Participants were chosen from volunteers competing in the Huntsman World Senior Games in St. George, UT, October 2021. Participants rested prone on a treatment table with the ankle in a …

The Relationship Between Postural Control And Motor Proficiency In Children With Prader-Willi Syndrome And With Obesity, Alberto Garcia, Debra J. Rose, Daniela A. Rubin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental genetic disorder that can lead to obesity. Children with PWS exhibit poor motor skills and poor postural control. Postural control is defined as the ability to regulate sensory information to maintain a controlled, upright posture. Underdeveloped vestibular and proprioceptive systems, shown in PWS, may interfere with maintaining posture and performing fundamental skills that require effective sensorimotor integration. Obesity (OB) can also be negative to postural control and motor skill development. PURPOSE: This study determined the relationship between postural control and motor proficiency in children with PWS and those with OB but without …

Feasibility And Preliminary Efficacy Of Implementing A Group-Mediated Cognitive Behavioral Resistance Exercise Intervention In Head And Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemoradiation Treatment, Kathryn Dispennette, Dukagjin Blakaj, Megan Kilar, Zachary Chaplow, Jessica Bowman, Victoria Descenza, Xiaochen Zhang, Brian Focht

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Head and neck cancer (HNCa) patients report some of the lowest quality of life (QOL) compared to other cancer populations, due to the clinically meaningful deficits in muscle mass, called cancer cachexia, and physical function that are associated with the established standard of care, which includes Chemoradiation therapy (CRT). PURPOSE: Determine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of implementing a group-mediated cognitive behavioral (GMCB) resistance exercise (RE) intervention in HNCa patients undergoing CRT. METHODS: The HNCaRE study was a single-arm, pilot trial designed to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of implementing a GMCB personalized RE intervention in …

Coping Strategies For General Anxiety In University Students: A Scoping Review, Thilini S. Wickramarachchi, Alane Daugherty, Nivitigala Sumitta, Zakkoyya H. Lewis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: For students with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), stress becomes a way of living. GAD is a condition used to characterize chronic long-term, intense, and excessive worry. Managing stress during college can be extremely challenging. Learning how to manage stress may help students cope with every day social and academic pressures; thus, enhancing college experience. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify coping mechanisms used by university students to manage their stress and anxiety. METHODS: The databases searched are as follows: Google Scholar, CPP One Search (which includes databases such as PubMed, ERIC, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science) and …

Massage Gun Use At A Lower Frequency Does Not Alter Blood Flow, Robert Richardson, Alyssa C. Mecate, Devin Needs, Anthony S. Peterson, Tanner D. Adams, Ray M. Merrill, J. Brent Feland

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Data has shown that whole body vibration can affect blood flow velocity in arteries and improves cutaneous blood flow. However, there is very limited information available on therapeutic localized vibration. Massage guns have become very popular with little to no research validating their efficacy. It is currently unknown if massages guns can affect arterial blood flow. PURPOSE: To determine if massage gun treatment at 30Hz improves and retains blood flow in the popliteal artery as compared to a control condition. METHODS: There were 12 participants in this study (8 males and 4 females). The mean age was 22.7±1.6 …

Comparison Of Gastrocnemius Shear Wave Elastography Stiffness Over 5 Different Zones, Anthony S. Peterson, Karlee Peterson, Ashley D. Allan, Ray M. Merrill, J. Brent Feland

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

A few studies report that shear wave elastography (SWE) is a reliable method of measuring gastrocnemius muscle stiffness. To date there are no studies assessing variance in stiffness measures at different locations on the muscle. This led us to ask whether the spot at which gastrocnemius stiffness is measured matters. PURPOSE: To determine if measurement site on the medial and lateral gastrocnemius affects SWE stiffness values. METHODS: Twelve subjects (3 men, 9 women) completed this study (Mean age is 23.0 (SD = 1.0) for men and 21.7 (SD = 2.0) for women (t p = 0.3035). Mean height …

Functional Comparison Of Six-Minute Walk Tests Between Shod And Minimalist Footwear Individuals In Mid-Life: A Preliminary Pilot Study Analysis, Camille L. Nguyen, Aaron W. Johnson, Annie Smedley, Sarah T. Ridge

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Research has shown that wearing minimalistic footwear can increase intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscle size and strength,although the effect of transitioning from shod to minimalist footwear on gait functionality–such as performance on a six-minute walk test–is not well documented. PURPOSE: We observed the differences in a six-minute functional walk test between mid-life (45yrs-65yrs) individuals who transitioned to minimalist footwear (MF) over a fourteen month period compared to habitually shod (HS) individuals. METHODS: Twenty mid-life individuals participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to either the MF (n=8, age= 56.5 ± 5.18 yrs, height= 162.71 ± 7.69 cm, …

Effect Of Localized Vibration Using Massage Gun At 40hz And 50hz On Blood Flow, Alyssa C. Mecate, Robert R. Richardson, Devin Needs, Anthony S. Peterson, Tanner D. Adams, Aaron W. Johnson, Ray M. Merrill, J. Brent Feland

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Data has shown that whole body vibration can positively affect blood flow, however, there are very few studies on the effect of localized therapeutic vibration on arterial blood flow. Occupational studies looking at localized vibration effects on skin blood flow normally include high frequency settings. In the last few years, massage guns have become popular, but they operate at lower frequencies. Currently, there is no data on the effects of localized vibration from massage guns on arterial blood flow. PURPOSE: To compare the effects of two different frequencies of localized vibration on blood flow in the popliteal artery. METHODS: 12 …

Bone Mineral Density In Weight-Bearing And Aquatic Athletes, Elizabeth Krauss, Kayla Stuckenberg, Hawley C. Almstedt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Bone mineral density (BMD) is a measure of mineral deposit within the bone that can be used as an early-adulthood predictor for onset of osteoporosis. Type of exercise induces a stress-response which builds BMD. PURPOSE: Non-weight-bearing-athletes were compared to weight-bearing-athletes and controls to identify differences in bone health among groups. The participants were compared longitudinally to measure change in BMD overtime. This study was modeled after work by Taaffe et al. (1995) which concluded that female athletes who do not engage in weight-bearing-activities had lower BMD. METHODS: Height, weight, and calcium intake was collected for female students (20.0±1.3 years); 23 …

Impact Of Mask-Wearing During High-Intensity Interval Training On Exercise Hemodynamics, Luke Heikka, Payton Price, Malia Nowlen, Ryan Guenette, Ruthie Larson, Adarius West, Justin Emelife, Sara Burton, Sofia Harman, Tony Acevedo, Zachary Zeigler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

As the guidelines regarding the COVID-19 pandemic regressed, allowing the re-opening of health centers, many established regulations required mask-wearing during exercise to limit transmission of the virus. Current literature suggests that the impact of a mask during exercise has minimal effects on exercise hemodynamics. However, limited data exists measuring blood pressure, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance during high-intensity exercise. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of mask-wearing on exercise hemodynamics. METHODS: Nine total participants aged 18-30 yr were recruited for this experimental cross-over study. This within subject design involved six randomized conditions; …

Peripheral And Cerebral Arterial Hemodynamic And Mechanical Responses To A Maximal Oxygen Consumption Exercise Test In Males And Females, Octavia Gosnell, Zaria Opara, Michael Diaz, Lavleen Sandhu, Gabriel Hernandez, Louise Kelly, Jie Liu, Allan Knox

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Variations in physiological responses to exercise between males and females have been identified by previous investigations. Maximal oxygen consumption tests (VO_2max) are widely used for exercise prescription within the professional and recreational capacity, in addition to providing insight of overall cardiovascular and pulmonary health. However, the specific response of multiple components of the arterial network have yet to be established and compared within males and females. PURPOSE: To determine the hemodynamic and mechanical responses of the brachial artery (BA), the common carotid artery (CCA), and the internal carotid artery (ICA) to VO_2max. METHODS: College-aged …

The Effect Of Resistance Training On Bone Mineral Density And Muscular Strength In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Jodi F. Engelhardt, Stephanie S. Wang, Alvaro Leal Gomez, Monica C. Orosa, Areum K. Jensen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurological disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and atypical behaviors. Children with ASD appear to have lower muscular function and low bone mineral density (BMD). Recent studies have indicated that adolescents with ASD develop obesity and bone fracture incidence at a higher rate compared to typically developing children (TDC). However, it is unclear if such weakened musculoskeletal function is a consequence of the neurological disorder state in ASD or if it is due to the limited opportunity for physical activity and exercise in the ASD population. PURPOSE: To identify the effect of progressive …

Anomalous Rib And Nonunion Of A First Rib Fracture Causing Thoracic Outlet Syndrome In A Football Player, Anthony Diomino, Dale Bongbong, Kenneth Vitale Md, Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

HISTORY: An 18-year-old male right hand dominant football player with past medical history of complete right ACL tear presents with chronic right neck and shoulder pain for two years after a shoulder press exercise. Four months later, he fell from a fence with his right arm outstretched. One year after the initial event, during football training, he sustained a shoulder injury with a pop under his shoulder blade.

PHYSICAL EXAM: There is asymmetry of the trapezius muscles with obvious indentation of the right anterior supraclavicular region compared to the left. There is also subluxation of the right ulnar nerve at …