Medical Education Commons^™

Short-Duration Massage Does Not Affect Grip Strength In Rock Climbers, Tayler Ah Nee, Christopher Berger

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Handgrip strength (HGS) is now viewed as an index of overall health and may even be prognostic for conditions that include cancer and cardiovascular disease. Consequently, it is important to understand influences on HGS, one of which may be forearm massage. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a bout of short-duration massage would augment HGS in rock climbers, a population for which massage is commonly employed and HGS is acutely important. METHODS: Subjects included fifteen female (age 28 ± 7 yr; height 165.8 ± 5.5 cm; weight 63.1 ± 11.7 kg) and fifteen …

Crossing Over To The Other Side; Studying Effect Of Fatigue When Walking In A Randomized & New Space, Joshua A. Vicente, Alex X. Krause, Yesenia Acosta-Marin, Ephraim Flores, Jaesung Joo, Jacob W. Hinkel-Lipsker

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Slips, trips, and falls (STFs) that lead to a substantial amount of workplace injuries. In any career that requires physical effort, it is crucial to maintain a strong reaction and response time to these unpredictable environments to maintain worker safety. In dynamic, ever-changing workplaces, it is important to know how to best mitigate trip and fall risk. However, there is little literature describing how physical fatigue affects young, healthy individuals’ ability to negotiate obstacles, as well as whether there are worker characteristics that may put them at greater risk of STFs.

PURPOSE: Therefore, our purpose is to identify the …

Biomechanical Changes In Running Post-Transition In A Triathlon, Luke Vankeersbilck, Travis Peterson Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Triathletes often complain about lower limb discomfort when running after cycling (Quigley, 1996). Several studies have found differences in muscle activation (Chapman, 2009), kinematics (Rendos et al., 2013), and kinetic cost (Millet, 2001) during the transition run. These differences were also found to be more severe in less experienced triathletes (Chapman, 2008). PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the kinetic differences between baseline and transition runs of inexperienced triathletes. METHODS: Twelve novice triathletes age: 29.4 ± 12.15 y, mass: 71.2 ± 10.3 kg, weekly running mileage: 24.4 ± 16.7 mi/week volunteered to participate. Athletes completed a 20 min …

Influence Of Sleep Disturbances On Landing And Jumping Forces In Elite College Age Individuals, Spencer Rasmussen, Caitlyn Stainbrook, Emily Sullenger, Shane Draper, Andrew Creer, Tyler Standifird

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND: Sleep has been demonstrated to influence sport-specific performance in college athletes with sleep deprivation decreasing sport-specific performance and possibly leading to greater risk of injury (Reyner & Horne, 2013). Jumping and landing are important movements in many sports, therefore, sleep disturbances could potentially increase the risk of injury in sports with jumping and landing movements.

PURPOSE: The intent of this study was to determine if sleep disturbances influence forces produced during jumping and landing in elite college age individuals.

METHODS: Twenty-five UVU athletes (males=8, females=17) completed the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire (PSQI) before …

The Effects Of Short Foot Exercise On Ground Reaction Forces During Landing, Connor M. Owen, Daniel Metri, Jacob Mayoral, Andy Arant, Dane Johnson, Robert Dudley, Andrea Du Bois

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The foot is a shock absorber which helps attenuate loads during landing activities via pronation. Intrinsic foot muscles help stabilize the arch of the foot and assist in controlling pronation. Excessive pronation during landing may transfer up the kinetic chain, increasing the risk of knee injury. Additionally, increased ground reaction forces (GRF) during landing may increase the risk for an ACL injury. Acute bouts of short foot exercise (SFE) can strengthen IFM, improving foot posture, balance, and energy transfer in dynamic activities, reducing injury risk. PURPOSE: Therefore, this study investigates whether SFE training before jump performance lowers GRF upon landing. …

Electromyographic Examination Of Hip And Knee Extension Hex Bar Exercises Varied By Starting Knee And Torso Angles, Meghan Mccauley, Jennifer Rivera, Whitney D. Leyva, Kalin A. Tomlinson, Kevin A. Valenzuela, Elisabeth Zeitz, Edward Jo Dr.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Variations of the deadlift can be executed using the hexagonal (hex) bar by altering, for instance, the knee and torso angles while maintaining a constant hip angle at the start position. PURPOSE: To examine muscle activation patterns of the biceps femoris, rectus femoris, and erector spinae during three deadlift variations using the hex bar. METHODS: Twenty resistance-trained male and female subjects performed hex bar deadlift variations in three different starting knee flexion positions: 128.4 ± 8.5° (elevated Romanian Deadlift), 111.9 ± 8.7° (conventional elevated deadlift), and 98.3 ± 6.5° (conventional hexagonal bar deadlift). Subjects performed three repetitions at …

Coordination Of Ankle, Knee, And Hip Joint Torques During An American Football Long Snap, Faith Cottam, Travis Peterson Ph.D

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Research has studied upper-body kinematics (Balentine 2020) and whole-body kinetics during the American Football long snap (Goldstein 2020). There are no studies describing lower extremity (LE) joint kinetics during this movement. PURPOSE: This study aimed to understand how players coordinate LE torques while completing a long snap. We hypothesized there would be plantarflexor torques at the ankle and extensor torques at the knee and hip. METHODS: Subjects included college-aged football players (n=5) and high school football (n=5) players with >2years experience. All subjects provided informed consent per local IRB. Average age of participants was 18.9±1.3 years, average mass was 99.57±7.49 …

The Effects Of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Over Multiple Days On Shooting Performance In Elite Deaflympic Athletes: A Case Series, Nicholas Pudar, Milan Pantovic, Sheniz Mooney, Brach Poston

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method that has shown the ability to enhance motor learning in numerous studies. However, only a few of these studies have been conducted on elite level performers or in complex motor tasks that have been practiced extensively. Rifle shooting is a difficult motor task that has real-world implications in military, police, and sport settings. Although a few studies have investigated the influence of tDCS on shooting performance, these were all acute studies conducted on novice performers. The PURPOSE was to determine the effects of DLPFC-tDCS on motor learning over multiple days …

Paraspinal Muscle Fatigue Influences Trunk Kinematics During Single-Leg Drop Jump Landings, Natalie A. Delgadillo, Michael W. Olson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Neuromuscular fatigue of the paraspinal muscles modifies kinematics responses to perturbations in controlled settings. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess trunk kinematics response during single-leg drop landings before and after induced neuromuscular fatigue of the low back muscles. METHODS: 13 male and female volunteers (22.3 ± 2.6 years, 1.66 ± 0.09m, 68.0 ± 14.0 kg) performed single-leg drop landings with their preferred leg from a 30 cm height before and after induced neuromuscular fatigue of the trunk. 3-D analysis of the trunk kinematics was performed using reflective spheres of 14 mm diameter. Maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) …

The Prevalence Of Mtss Symptoms Among Men And Women Ncaa Division Iii Student Athletes, Amanda Combs, Kristen Mcalexander

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Symptoms of Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS) are common among athletes of various sports and levels, but studies describing the prevalence of MTSS symptoms are lacking. Possible contributing factors of MTSS include an individual’s flexor digitorum longus attachment and soleus muscle, a pronated foot, large loads of mechanical forces, large calf girth, and gender. No individual factor has been statistically associated with MTSS, and prevention and treatment are difficult to study. Further, no earlier studies have described the prevalence of MTSS symptoms for men and women NCAA student athletes among various sports. PURPOSE: To measure and describe MTSS symptoms among …

Manual Versus Semi-Automated Detection Of Muscle Fascicle Pennation Angle Of The Vastus Lateralis, Natalie Walker, Jesus Hernandez-Sarabia, Carlos Estrada, Jocarlo Shields, Rob Maclennan, Jason Defreitas, Scott Crawford, Micheal Luera

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Muscle pennation angle (PA) is a key characteristic in muscle function. However, current methodologies are tedious, time consuming, and usually only include a few representative fascicles for the PA measures. Leveraging image processing methods could improve the efficiency of PA measurements while still providing valuable insight into architectural changes during specific tasks. PURPOSE: To compare manual (MAN) versus semi-automated (SA) analyses for muscle PA within the vastus lateralis (VL) utilizing ultrasound images taken during isometric knee extensions at different intensities relative to maximum volitional effort. METHODS: Sixteen lower-body resistance trained males (n =7, mean ± SD; 21±7 yrs; 77.7 ± …

A Comparison Of Techniques For Decomposing Surface Electromyography Signals During High-Intensity Contractions A Preliminary Analysis, Lyric Richardson, Micheal Luera, Jocarol Shields, Rob Maclennen, Michael Trevino, Alessandro Delvecchio, Jason Defritas

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Advancements in surface electromyography (sEMG) have led to discrepancies in identification of high-threshold motor units (MU) following signal decomposition PURPOSE: To examine the differences in MU firing behaviors recorded from two separate sEMG sensors following respective decomposition analysis. METHODS: Following 2 maximal voluntary contractions (MVC), ten (23 ± 3 yrs.; 178.64 ± 5.82 cm; 177.8 ± 17.37 kg) lower body resistance trained males performed a 10 sec submaximal (50%) isometric ramp contraction of the knee extension exercise. Signals were recorded from the vastus lateralis and separately decomposed into their constituent MU action potential trains, then further validated for subsequent analysis …

Anthropometric Predictors Of Concentric Hip, Knee, And Ankle Work During A 5x5 Conventional Deadlift Routine, Dale S. Keith, Daniel Scherrer, Brandon Nunley, John R. Harry, Grant M. Tinsley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The deadlift is one of the most commonly performed exercises to strengthen the lower body, as well as one of the main lifts in powerlifting and strongman competitions. However, literature exploring the deadlift exercise and its variations remains quite limited compared to other popular exercises like squats and bench press. PURPOSE: The purpose of this exploratory analysis was to determine if there are relationships between anthropometric characteristics (arm length, torso length, thigh length, and shank length) and hip, knee, and ankle joint angular concentric work during a 5 sets of 5 repetitions (5x5) conventional deadlift (CDL) routine. METHODS: …

Sex Differences In Speed And Acceleration Metrics In Soccer A Case Of Ncaa, Division Iii Student-Athletes, Cas Costa, Tiffanie Alling, Mark Whitney, Grant Morgan, Andreas Stamatis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

According to American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) reports, wearable technology is the number one fitness trend for 2020 in the US. Division III (DIII) schools are the biggest participant in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). In terms of number of student-athletes, soccer is the second most popular sport in NCAA. Duration of high speed and number of accelerations/decelerations have been identified as correlates of injuries, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, especially in female athletes. PURPOSE: To examine whether there are sex difference in the relationship of speed and acceleration metrics in collegiate soccer. METHODS: …

The Effect Of External Ankle Support On Lower Extremity Biomechanics, Haley Hurt, Scott Mclean, Edward Merritt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ACL injury risk has been related to abnormal frontal plane knee mechanics. It’s not clear whether constraining another lower extremity joint with bracing or taping might contribute to this increased injury risk by altering knee movements. PURPOSE: To examine the effect of external ankle support on lower extremity kinematics during a drop landing. METHODS: Twenty-five participants (20.3 ± 1.2 years, 168.7 ± 32.9 cm, 78.0 ± 14.9 kg) performed drop landings from a height of 61 cm under three conditions; no ankle support, athletic tape, and a lace-up ankle brace. The subject performed three trials per condition. Sixteen …

Effects Of Using Wedged-Weightlifting Shoes While Performing A Front Squat, Brielle Adolph, Scott P. Mclean

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Wedged-weightlifting shoes may contribute to a better squatting postural technique by allowing for an increase in ankle dorsiflexion, an increase in hip flexion, and a decrease in the amount of trunk lean. Purpose: To examine how wedged-weightlifting shoes affect peak power output, trunk lean, hip flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion during the performance of a front-squat. Methods: Six participants (167.875±20.13 lbs., 20.67±1.51 yrs.) completed five-repetition squatting trials while standing on a Bertec force plate. Force data were collected at 100 Hz using the Biopac Acknowledge system during these trials. Simultaneously, the trials were video recorded at 50 Hz in the sagittal …

Comparison Of Handedness, Athleticism, And Time To Position Under A Paired Sight Trial, Kadi Shipman, David Cutton Ph.D., Daniel Joseph Burt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Proprioception is defined as the process of taking in and analyzing information about the position of the body. Proprioception can be tested by excluding the visual sense and performing arm movements in a repetitive manner. An arm kinesthesiometer, used to test proprioception, is a device that measures the angle of movement around a joint in 1 degree increments and allows both active and passive movement. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to determine whether sighted individuals perform better than those with occluded sight (blindfolded) due to proprioceptive awareness. METHODS: For 1 week, 92 student subjects from a …

Comparison Of Gait Patterns And Everyday Dual-Tasks In College Students, K. Williams, M. Coppola, J. Pruskowski, N. Dalfo, S. Castillo, S. Forlenza, S. Paulson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Investigating Bilateral Asymmetries In Joint Angular Motion Of The Lower Limb During Running, T. Whitacre, S. Mangeri, D. Stearne, K. Clarke

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Examining The Effect Of A Dance Technique Class On Postural Stability In Novice Collegiate Dancers, H. Weighart, M. Roberts, S. Dipasquale

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Effect Of Treadmill-Based Resistance On Landing Strategy And Force Attenuation In Female Collegiate Lacrosse Players, J. Sweeney, D. Stearne, K. Clarke, D. Garfole, T. Whitacre, D. Hall, S. Pederson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Assessing Mood And Cognitive Performance Of Emt Students During Occupational And Heat Stress, K. Rogers, A. Fiorentini, M. Bayles, K. Storti, R. Alman, Y. Seo, H. Gerhart

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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The Effect Of Quadriceps Femoris And Gluteus Strength On The Star Excursion Balance Test, M. Kupiec, C. Rinehart, J. Carlson, N. Sharpe, R. Meilun, H. Robison, L. Quintana, D. King, P. Mckeon

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Hydrodynamic Flow Velocity Changes With Linear Increase In Flume Speed, K. Krajewski, D. Dever, A. Beethe, T. Nagai, E. Nagal, B. Nindl, C. Connaboy

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Biomechanical Mediators Of The Relationship Between The Knee Osteoarthritis Phenotype And Knee Joint Compressive Forces, K. Hunzinger, D. Beavers, S. Messier

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Leveraging Machine Learning Techniques To Reveal Relationships Between Neuromuscular Traits In Previously Concussed Warfighters, S. Eagle, Q. Mi, S. Flanagan, B. Nindl, K. Beals, C. Connaboy

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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A Comparison Of Self-Reported Pain Levels In Minimally-Shod Vs Traditionally Shod Runners With Different Arch Characteristics, L. Davis, L. Cline, E. Casto, J. Mccrory

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Differences In Lower-Extremity Kinematics Among Female Collegiate Soccer And Volleyball Players, M. Christensen, D. Malandra, A. Gairola

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Mechanical Constraints Of Force Production During A Stationary Sprint-Start, L. Brooks, K. Clark, L. Ryan, P. Weyand

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Effect Of Wheelchair Transfer Surface Firmness On Acceleration Of The Torso, Cassandra Chang, Scott P. Mclean, Edward Merritt, Laura Vides

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Moving from a surface that provides adequate support can affect the quality of wheelchair transfers such that softer surfaces, which are less supportive may compromise these movements. PURPOSE: This research examined the effect of surface firmness on wheelchair transfer performance. METHODS: A convenience sample of fourteen healthy, able-bodied college students, who’s average height, weight and age were 76kg, 167 cm, and 20.5 years, respectively, participated in this study. Participants were taught a basic wheelchair transfer. A wireless triaxial accelerometer was positioned on the dorsal surface of the trunk at approximately the mid-thoracic level. Participants performed five trials under …