Medical Education Commons^™

Effects Of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation On Energy Expenditure And Oxygen Consumption, Victoria M. Rocha, Jehu Apaflo, Gabriel Narvaez, Ali Mossayebi, Joshua Labadah, Sudip Bajpeyi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Exercise is beneficial to improve metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Physical activity results in an increase in energy expenditure (EE) and oxygen consumption due to increased energy demand. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is an alternative strategy to induce muscle contraction. Our previous work have shown that NMES induced muscle contraction can improve metabolic health in an overweight and obese population. However, it is not known whether NMES induced muscle contraction leads to greater energy expenditure. PUPROSE: To determine the effect of NMES induced muscle contraction on energy expenditure and oxygen consumption. METHODS: Eighteen sedentary overweight/obese men …

The Influence Of Tabata And Energy Replenishment On Post-Exercise Metabolic Recovery: A Pilot Analysis, Tiffani Neuville, James Rowe Dr, Vivyan Gonzalez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Compare post-exercise metabolic recovery of individuals who, to recover from Tabata, drink 1) water (W), 2) 100% carbohydrate (CHO), or 3) 65% - 35% protein-carbohydrate (PRO-CHO). METHODS: Participants were recreationally active individuals (n = 21) who performed Tabata (TB) in the form of 1) full body calisthenics (FB) and 2) treadmill running (TR). Participants were randomly assigned to complete TB either with W (n=7), CHO (n=7), or PRO-CHO (n=7). Participants completed each of the three bouts in randomized order on three separate days. One bout involved sitting with no energy replenishment (rest). A second bout had the participants …

Electrical Stimulation While Resistance Training Leads To Greater Gains In Muscle Mass And Strength, Gabriel Narvaez, Jehu Apaflo, Amy Wagler, Sudip Bajpeyi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Resistance training (RT) has long been shown to increase muscle strength and muscle mass and is widely recommended for people of all ages and ability levels. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is an involuntary mode of inducing muscle contractions that has been used to prevent muscle immobility, weakness, strength loss, and muscle loss in rehabilitative settings. However, the additive effects of NMES and RT are not well established. PURPOSE:. To determine if superimposing neuromuscular electrical stimulation during a resistance training intervention elicits greater gains in muscle strength and/or muscle mass than resistance training being performed alone. METHODS: An electronic …

Sex Differences In The Accuracy Of Wut (Weight, Urine Color, Thirst) Diagrams Assessing Hydration Status, Jan-Joseph Rolloque, Marcos Keefe, Nigel Jiwan, Casey Appell, Madison Pomroy, Huiying Luk, Yasuki Sekiguchi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The WUT (Weight, Urine Color, Thirst) Venn diagram is a practical method to assess hydration status using percent body mass loss (%BML), urine color (U_COL), and thirst perception (TP). However, sex differences and the accuracy of WUT diagrams between males and females has not yet been investigated. PURPOSE: To observe sex differences in the accuracy of WUT diagrams assessing hydration status. METHODS: 8 males [M] (age: 21 ± 3; mass: 76.3 ± 15.6 kg) and 5 females [F] (age: 22 ± 2; mass: 60.5 ± 13.6) visited the laboratory twice a day (morning (7:00am-9:00am) and afternoon …

Impact Of Habitual Water Intake On Muscle Quality And Total Body Water-A Pilot Study, Kelly B. Elliott, Alan T. Ky, Casey Appell, Ryan Dunn, Nigel Jiwan, Cherish Dunlap, Ganesh C. Tallam, Hui-Ying Luk, Yasuki Sekiguchi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Proper hydration is essential for critical health and performance functions, such as muscle function and body fluid balance. The effect of acute hydration status has been studied on health and muscle performance; however, the effect of habitual water intake on muscle quality and total body water between high and low consumption has not been examined. PURPOSE: To determine the impact of habitual water intake on muscle quality and total body water. METHODS: Eleven women (age: 27.6±7.9 years; mass: 60.3±10.8 kg) provided a five-day dietary food log to categorize them into HIGH or LOW daily total water intake (TWI). …

Age-Related Differences In Handgrip Strength Characteristics And Vertical Jump Performance, Kayla P. Sisneros, Pratibha S. Maurya, Evan Johnson, Ty B. Palmer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Handgrip strength characteristics, such as peak force and rate of force development (RFD), have been shown to be significantly associated with the performance capacities of the lower-body musculature. Declines in lower-body performance are commonly reported as a consequence of aging. However, few studies have investigated the influence of age on handgrip peak force and RFD. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine age-related differences in handgrip peak force and RFD between young and older women and the relationships of these characteristics with lower-body performance during a vertical jump (VJ) test. METHODS: Twenty young (age = 21 ± 3 …

Handgrip Peak Force And Rate Of Force Development Measurements: Are They Reliable And Do They Correlate With Vertical Jump Power?, Pratibha S. Maurya, Kayla P. Sisneros, Evan Johnson, Ty B. Palmer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Handgrip peak force and rate of force development (RFD) measurements have been shown to be effective parameters at characterizing the strength capacities of numerous muscle groups, including those of the lower extremities. However, the reliability of these measurements and their relationship with vertical jump (VJ) peak power remains uncertain. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of handgrip peak force and RFD measurements. A secondary aim was to determine if these measurements are correlated with the peak power produced during a VJ test. METHODS: Twenty young, healthy women (age = 21 ± 3 years) …

Postprandial And Fasting Lipopolysaccharide Levels In Healthy Hispanic Residents Of Southeast Texas With Positive Family History Of Type 2 Diabetes, Amanda J. Wheeler, Yu Lun Tai, Smaran Marupudi, Ryan D. Russell

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Healthy people with a family history (FH+) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) display impaired metabolic and microvascular function prior to glucose intolerance, and are at greater risk for developing T2D. While mechanisms to explain this disparity are lacking, it is possible that intestinal permeability plays a role, as it is also linked with insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and chronic inflammation. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) act as an outer membrane component of gram-negative bacteria in intestines and play a role in inflammation and chronic disease when in circulation, thus serving as a surrogate measure of intestinal permeability. However, the link between FH+ …

Morning Versus Afternoon Body Mass In Free-Living Or Controlled Euhydration, Madi M. Pomroy, Marcos Keefe, Nigel Jiwan, Jan-Joseph S. Rolloque, Casey Appell, Courteney L. Benjamin, Hui-Ying Luk, Yasuki Sekiguchi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The standard protocol to assess hydration status is by measuring body mass in the early morning without controlling fluid intake. However, obtaining first-morning body mass is not necessarily feasible for many situations, for example, most physical activities take place in the afternoon. Thus, first-morning body mass might not be practical to assess hydration status. PURPOSE: To investigate first-morning body mass versus afternoon body mass in free- living and controlled euhydration. METHODS: 9 males (age: 21 ± 2; mass: 79.7 ± 17.8 kg) and 5 females (age: 22 ± 2; mass: 60.5 ± 13.6 kg) visited the laboratory in …

Effect Of Acute Exercise Mode On Test Anxiety: Aerobic Vs. Resistance, Natalie N. Trevino, Amber M. Shipherd, Christopher M. Hearon

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Test anxiety is a specific type of state anxiety when a person experiences perceived pressure to excel on a test. Test anxiety not only hinders test performance, but the person's long term psychophysiological health. Many students struggle with test anxiety, but females have a higher incidence of test anxiety than males. Bouts of aerobic exercise have been shown to decrease state anxiety, but no work has been done examining the effects of resistant training on state anxiety. PURPOSE: the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of acute aerobic and resistance exercise bouts on test anxiety among …

The Effects Of Acute Fasting On Anaerobic Performance In Naia Softball Players, Emily J. Sauers, Madison A. Garza, Jennifer M. Estrada

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Intermittent fasting has become a popular method for athletes to help manage body weight. Additionally, athletes with early morning athletic practice often omit breakfast and arrive in a fasted state. It is unclear how fasting impacts performance in softball players. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate anaerobic performance in NAIA Softball players following an overnight fast. METHODS: Eight NAIA female softball players participated in this randomized cross-over study. Athletes were on the active roster at Our Lady of the Lake University. Athletes were 20.7 ± 0.5 years old, 163.1 ± 2.1 cm tall, 151.5 ± 10.0 lb. …

Sacral Stress Fracture — Wrestling, Billal Siddiq, Nikolaos Gravvanis, Charalampos Kyratzoglou, Brett Hayes, Andreas Stamatis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

CASE HISTORY: During preseason, a 35-year-old wrestler complained of pain in his lower back concurrently with a tingling sensation in the left thigh and buttocks. PHYSICAL EXAM: The wrestler was examined by a physical therapist (PT) and, while discussing prior medical history, the athlete mentioned a previous diagnosis of a mild herniated disk (Grade 1). Upon clinical examination, the athlete demonstrated a full range of motion with some discomfort in passive hip extension. The PT suggested rest and rehabilitation through electrical stimulation, alongside the strengthening of the lumbar spine and hip abductor muscles. Ten days later, the athlete …

Sublingual Caffeine Supplementation And Its Effects On Physical Performance Measures In Highly Fit United States Military Personnel, Reggie B. O'Hara

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Caffeine is a commonly used countermeasure to combat sleep deprivation and alleviate physiological and psychological performance degradations in highly trained military personnel operating in extreme environments for extending periods. Although the mechanisms of action of caffeine are well described in the literature, the ergogenic effects of caffeine are variable based on the individual’s nutritional status, sensitivity to caffeine, genetics, dose, timing, and overall physical condition. PURPOSE: To explore the effects of moderate doses of sublingual caffeine on physical performance measures and perceptions of fatigue in highly fit U.S. military personnel. METHODS: A convenience sample of eleven highly trained, …

Implementation Of Patient-Centered Care By Athletic Training Students During Clinical Experiences: A Report From The Association Of Athletic Training Education Research Network, Julie M. Cavallario, Bonnie L. Van Lunen, Stacy E. Walker, R. Curtis Bay, Cailee E. Welch-Bacon

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Patient-centered care (PCC) is a core competency that should be required by all healthcare education programs, but little is known about its implementation in athletic training clinical experiences. Therefore, we examined characteristics of patient encounters documented by athletic training students implementing PCC behaviors. A multisite panel design was used to recruit 363 students from twelve professional athletic training programs (five undergraduate, seven graduate). Over 1.5 years, clinical experience patient encounter data were logged in E*Value Case Logs, including student role during the encounter, length of encounter, and clinical site. Generalized estimating equations models characterized the likelihood students included PCC behaviors …

Athletic Trainers' Experiences Developing And Maintaining Contemporary Expertise, Nicole R. Strout Kemper, Julie M. Cavallario, Stacy E. Walker, Cailee E. Welch Bacon

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Context

The Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE) implemented new accreditation standards for professional education in 2020, requiring educators and preceptors affiliated with CAATE-accredited professional programs to identify an area of contemporary expertise. Although this requirement is imperative to ensure that educators and preceptors are exposing students to the breadth and depth of content areas in athletic training practice, little is known about how an area of contemporary expertise is developed and maintained.

Objective

To explore educators’ and preceptors’ experiences with developing and maintaining an area of contemporary expertise.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Setting

Web-based survey.

Participants

Of 449 athletic …

Impact Of Nusinersen Treatment On Measures Of Exercise Intolerance In Spinal Muscular Atrophy, David Uher, Ashley M. Goodwin, Darryl C. De Vivo, Jacqueline Montes, Carol Ewing Garber Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder, marked by insufficient production of SMN protein, leading to motor neuron dysfunction. Although ubiquitously produced throughout the body, motor neurons and muscle cells are selectively impacted by decreased SMN, which has been linked to impaired oxidative phosphorylation causing altered metabolic function and exercise intolerance. Nusinersen, administered directly to the central nervous (CNS), is an approved therapy that increases SMN protein in an effort to restore motor neuron function. PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of treatment on markers of exercise tolerance in children and adults treated with nusinersen is not known. …

Barriers To Adopting Lifestyle Behaviors Under The Prism Of Lifestyle Medicine, Janyll Barber, Zacharias Papadakis, Matthew Manierre, Ali Boolani, Andreas Stamatis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

According to the ACSM, lifestyle medicine (LM) is in the top 20 worldwide fitness trends for 2022. The LM pillars of a plant-based diet, physical activity, adequate sleep, stress management, social interactions, and avoidance of risky substances have been proposed as effective strategies for preventing and treating chronic conditions. However, implementing lifestyle behavioral changes to improve noncommunicable chronic disease outcomes has still been problematic. Individuals’ mental and physical status has been suggested as a key component in closing the gap between the intention to adopt a healthy lifestyle and actually adopting that behavior. PURPOSE: To examine the associations of …

Age-Related Changes In Skeletal Muscle Oxygen Utilization: A Review, Maxwell T. Aiken, Sabrina S. Salvatore, Kyle N. Zelenski, Ryan K. Perkins

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The cardiovascular and skeletal muscle systems are intrinsically interconnected, sharing the goal of delivering oxygen to metabolically active tissue. Deficiencies within those systems that affect oxygen delivery to working tissues are a hallmark of advancing age. Oxygen delivery and utilization are reflected as muscle oxygen saturation (SmO₂) and may be assessed using near-infrared resonance spectroscopy (NIRS). PURPOSE: This review is intended to provide an update on the current state of literature regarding age-related effects on SmO₂. Furthermore, we attempt to bridge the gap between SmO₂ and associated underlying mechanisms affected by aging. FINDINGS: SmO …

Mitochondrial Integrity Distinguishes Exercise-Induced Vs. Pathogenic Cardiac Hypertrophy, Nicole Lee Yang

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cardiac hypertrophy is a consequence of exercise training, as well as certain cardiomyopathies. However, the key genetic drivers of cardiomyocellular remodeling in a healthy vs diseased heart are inadequately understood. PURPOSE: Determine the genetic architecture of exercise training-induced cardiomyocellular remodeling and hypertrophy. METHODS: The exercise hybrid mouse diversity panel (ExcHMDP) is comprised of 100 strains of Exc trained (TRN) and sedentary (SED) animals (n=4-8/strain per group). After 30d of exercise, running wheels were locked, and 24-hours post-exercise, 6h-fasted animals were euthanized and tissues harvested (~20 tissues/mouse). To interrogate pathogenic cardiac hypertrophy, isoproterenol (ISO, 30mg/kg/day for 21d) was administered to …

Preliminary Findings From A Pediatric Physical Activity Program For Children With Cancer, Paulette M. Yamada, Erin O. Bantum, Erin E. Centeio, Kelley Hutchins, Laura Bonilla, Carie Sumida, Jayna Lee, Sabrina Cao, Grace Lopez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

It is critical for pediatric patients diagnosed with cancer to engage in physical activity (PA) as it is associated with positive psychosocial outcomes and may improve physical function. However, physical activity opportunities for pediatric cancer patients are limited. PURPOSE: To test the feasibility and adherence of pediatric cancer patients to a virtual PA program. METHODS: Pediatric patients undergoing cancer treatment were referred to the Pediatric Physical Activity program (PePA) by the Children’s Hospital’s oncology team using rolling recruitment. The target sample size was 20-25 patients. Patients enrolled in an online 12-week PA intervention with similar-aged peers (2x/week, 60 …

Evaluating Research Survey Websites In Kinesiology: A Case Study Using An Accessibility Rating Form, Yi Sheng Wu, Jafra D. Thomas, Regina F. Hockert, Jasmine C. Wong, Samantha M. Ross

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Advancing equity in the research and educational practice of kinesiology requires intentional efforts to ensure access divides do not widen nor persist (Ross et al., in press, JOPERD). PURPOSE: Given knowledge of suitability assessment of materials (SAM) principles supports the equitable design of lay print and online material, we evaluated the extent they would also support developing a research survey website consistent with accessibility guidelines for digital technology. METHODS: The study website was adapted from the Canvas learning management system. A cross-sectional formative assessment was performed. Using their knowledge of SAM principles (eg, clear layout, text ≤ 8 …

Determining Validity And Reliability Of Caloric Expenditure Recorded By Wearable Technology While Walking And Running, Bianca C. Weyers, Dustin W. Davis, Nicole R. Vargas, Jorge Perdomo Rodriguez, Elias M. Malek, Katherine V. Carlos, Bryson Carrier, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

With growing interest in tracking exercise progress, wearable technology is increasingly popular. While heart rate and step count are typically accurate for consumer-available devices, research from our laboratory indicates that caloric expenditure is not. PURPOSE: The current investigation aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of caloric expenditure in multiple wearable devices during a self-paced walk and run. METHODS: Ten participants were tested (5F, 5M, age = 26.9± 9.43 years, body mass = 72.64± 7.73 kg, height = 168.66± 9.37 cm). Participants were asked to wear 5 devices: 2 Garmin Instinct watches (one on each wrist), 2 Polar Vantage M2 …

The Relationship Between Chronic Low Back Pain And Functional Movement, Lindsey Taylor Wensel, Spencer Baker

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ABSTRACT

Movements of the spine are different in those who have chronic low back pain (CLBP) compared to those who do not. By using inertial measurement units (IMUs), we assessed the angular acceleration of L5 and the sacrum in both healthy and CLBP individuals. PURPOSE: To determine if there is a difference in the movement patterns of L5 and the sacrum during spinal flexion in those with CLBP compared to those without. METHODS: Movement acceleration patterns were evaluated in 10 individuals between the ages of 35-65 years of age. 5 of the individuals reported having CLBP so they …

Aerobic Fitness Levels Relate To Cognitive Function In People With Parkinson’S Disease As Assessed By The 6 Minute Walk Test, John Wallace, Kaylie Zapanta, E Todd Schroeder, Beth Fisher

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

While individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) present with impaired motor control, 26% demonstrate cognitive impairment independent of dementia¹. In fact, cognitive dysfunction often predates motor impairments and can diminish quality of life² as well as life expectancy³. Fortunately, aerobic exercise has been shown to improve cognition in older adults⁴ as well as PD patients^5-7. However, only a limited number of studies have determined a clear relationship between aerobic fitness levels and cognition in people with PD. Determining whether cognitive status and aerobic fitness levels are associated in people with PD would provide …

The Relationship Between Catecholamines And Lactate Concentration In Response To Exercise In Adolescents With Obesity, Vincent Vuong, Daniela Rubin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Epinephrine is a catabolic hormone that increases metabolism through glycolysis and glycogenolysis. During exercise, accelerated glycogen and glucose breakdown is associated with increased lactate production. Previous studies show obesity (OB) decreases the epinephrine response during exercise potentially affecting glucose metabolism and lactate production. PURPOSE: To compare the epinephrine and lactate responses in adolescents with OB and adolescents with normal weight (NW) and to determine if changes in epinephrine and lactate concentrations are associated. METHODS: 12 adolescents with OB (9.2 ± 1.2 y, 39.9 ± 6.8% body fat) and 12 adolescents with NW (17.5 ± 4.6% body fat) completed …

Joint Angle Calculations Using Motion Capture And Deep Learning Pose Estimation While Running, Luke Vankeersbilck, Isaac Hedengren, Mcgyver Clark, Iain Hunter

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Marker based motion capture is currently the most accurate method of measuring human kinematics; however, it is expensive and is often limited to lab environments making it unsuitable for many applications. Two-dimensional methods are available through open source code, but it is unclear which of these methods provides the greatest accuracy. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to quantify the accuracy of pose estimation from a monocular electro-optical sensor with deep learning to infer segment end points and pose estimation utilizing two open-source code approaches. METHODS: One subject ran at 6.5 m/s for 15 s while being …

The Role Of Body Fat Percentage And Vo2max In Predicting Arterial Stiffness In Female College Students, Sara Thomasson, Grant Calhoun, Natalie Pham, Kennedy Kerbs, Sofia Harman, Payton Price, Annika Grams, Ruth Larson, Isaiah Mews, Zachary Zeigler, Anthony Acevedo

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Within the college population, high blood pressure (BP), as well as obesity and sedentary lifestyles, are seen. Bodyfat influences these outcomes. Much of the literature ignores the possible effects that fitness may have on these outcomes, specifically in females. Purpose: The intent of this study was to determine if VO_MAX can predict arterial stiffness after adjusting for body fat% in college females. Methods: Healthy young females were recruited from Grand Canyon University. Subjects came to the lab for a single visit for the following assessments: height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, aortic BP, augmentation pressure (AP), augmentation index adjusted …

Different Resistance Training Protocols During The Crunch Exercise Affect Muscle Thickness, Echo-Intensity, Load Lifted, And Perception Of Effort In Recreationally-Trained Participants., Keanna J. Sullivan, Paulo H. Marchetti

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The correct choice of the acute variables is another important component of a resistance training (RT) session. The combination of intensity and volume is fundamental to determine the dose-response in a RT session and can induce specific metabolic and mechanical stress in the muscle. PURPOSE: The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate acute dose-response of different volume x intensity RT protocols with equated total volume (40 repetitions) during the crunch exercise on muscle thickness, echo-intensity, load lifted, and rating of perceived exertion in recreationally-trained participants. METHODS: Fifteen resistance-trained participants (23±3years, 76.4±6.5kg, 173.3±6.5cm) performed the abdominal crunch exercise …

Shorter Versus Longer Bouts Of Rowing-Based Interval Exercise Attenuate The Physiological And Perceptual Response, Robert Sturdy, Austin Teske, Harrison Thomas, Pinelopi Stavrinou, Gregory C. Bogdanis, Todd Astorino Ph.D

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

High intensity interval exercise (HIIE) requires repeated bouts of near-maximal to maximal efforts (intensities > 85 %HRmax) interspersed with a brief recovery. Data show superior increases in maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max) in response to chronic HIIE compared to moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) in healthy adults as well as clinical populations (Milanovic et al. 2015; Weston et al., 2014). PURPOSE: This study compared physiological and perceptual variables between short and long durations of rowing-based high intensity interval exercise (HIIE). METHODS: Fourteen active adults (age = 26.4 ± 7.2 yr) performed incremental rowing exercise to fatigue to measure maximal …

Acute Effect Of Sauna On Blood Composition, Kate Strong, Olivia Leach, Jayson Gifford

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Sauna therapy has previously shown to benefit cardiovascular health. Nevertheless, the impact of sauna therapy on blood properties has not been described thus far. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a bout of sauna therapy on hemoglobin, hematocrit, and plasma volume. METHODS: Six healthy young adults (ages18-36; n=5 male, n=1 female) underwent a total of 40 min of sauna exposure in two 20 min increments. A baseline blood draw was performed pre-sauna. Participants underwent sauna exposure, and blood draws were performed directly post 40 mins of sauna, as well as after a 90-minute recovery …