Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Commons^™

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (Pml) Induced By Jc Virus: A Case Report And Review Of Clinical Implications, Hugo Zamarron, Roberto Cruz

Research Symposium

Background: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare but serious demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, caused by the John Cunningham (JC) virus. While the JC virus is common in the general population, it remains dormant in healthy individuals but can reactivate in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing immunosuppressive treatments for organ transplants or autoimmune conditions. The virus attacks oligodendrocytes, leading to demyelination and significant neurological deficits. Immunosuppressive therapies such as natalizumab, rituximab, and mycophenolate increase the risk of PML. Diagnosing PML is challenging as its symptoms—focal neurological deficits, sensory-motor issues, and visual disturbances—overlap with conditions …

A Case Of Microscopic Colitis Masquerading As Chronic Inflammatory Diarrhea, Corey Haines, Sophia Moon, Giani Tah, Diana Acosta Pozo, Alejandro Aquino, Fatimah Bello

Research Symposium

Introduction: Microscopic colitis is an idiopathic, inflammatory form of colitis that is characterized by a normal macroscopic appearance of bowel but abnormal histological appearance on microscopy. Microscopic colitis can be subdivided into two histological subtypes: collagenous and lymphocytic. The collagenous subtype is characterized by proliferation of collagenous connective tissue that forms a thick subepithelial collagen band while the lymphocytic subtype is characterized by lymphocytic infiltrates and little to no proliferation of connective tissue. Classically, microscopic colitis presents with chronic, nonbloody, watery diarrhea lasting more than one month. It is typically associated with weight loss, abdominal pain, tenesmus, and nocturnal stools. …

A Case Of Rhabdomyolysis Complicated By Acute Compartment Syndrome After A Ground-Level Fall, Barbara Malaga-Espinoza, Khairiya Haj-Yahya, Corey Haines

Research Symposium

Introduction: Rhabdomyolysis is the breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue that results in the release of intracellular contents such as myoglobin, CK, and electrolytes into the surrounding interstitium and circulation. Rhabdomyolysis is commonly precipitated by trauma, excessive physical exertion, infection, or drug toxicity. Compartment syndrome can be a complication of severe rhabdomyolysis, characterized by increased pressure in a closed anatomical space which can lead to compromised perfusion and ischemia. Timely identification and early surgical intervention are crucial to improving outcomes. Here we present a case of rhabdomyolysis complicated by acute compartment syndrome of the leg in the setting of prolonged poor …

The Prevalence And Impact Of Extrarenal Involvement In Fibromuscular Dysplasia: A Systematic Review, Alyssa L. Sepulveda, Yolanda V. Gutierrez, Ronald A. Shaju

Research Symposium

Background: Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD) is a non-inflammatory vascular disease affecting medium-sized arteries, characterized by arterial stenosis, dissection, or aneurysm formation. While renal arteries are most involved, extrarenal manifestations, particularly in the carotid and vertebral arteries, are increasingly recognized. These non-renal presentations can lead to complications such as dissection, aneurysm, and ischemic events, influencing diagnosis and management strategies. This systematic review evaluates the prevalence and clinical impact of extrarenal FMD, with a focus on its role in patient outcomes and treatment.

Methods: A systematic review of PubMed, Science Direct, and Cochrane was conducted to identify studies published from 2000 to 2025. …

Case Of Rosai Dorfman Disease In A Patient With Newly Diagnosed Hodgkin Lymphoma, Liza Salloum, Jennifer Rojas Huen, Ricardo Serna, Alisha Valdez

Research Symposium

Background: Rosai Dorfman Disease (RDD, also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy) is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis, classified into nodal (classic) and extranodal disease. Most patients present with non-tender cervical lymphadenopathy, although other sites including the inguinal and axillary regions have been reported. Extranodal disease (~43% of cases) can involve any organ system. RDD is more common in children, but cases have been reported in patients in their 70s. The prognosis of nodal RDD can correlate with the number of nodal groups involved. Many cases can be managed only with observation, although surgery, chemotherapy, corticosteroids, and immunomodulators have …

A True Bloody Emergency: An Unusual Case Of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, Joshua M. Ninan

Research Symposium

Background: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a primary thrombotic microangiopathy that is classically characterized by thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA). Although rare with an annual incidence of 3.7 cases per one million adults, it is considered a true hematological emergency due to its fatality rate of almost 100% if appropriate treatment is not initiated immediately. This makes it vitally important to identify and treat patients with TTP, a task that becomes unusually challenging in the absence of the disorder’s other characteristically diagnostic clinical features such as mucosal bleeding, fever, or presence of schistocytes.

Case Presentation: A 30-year-old gentleman with …