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Full-Text Articles in Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Identifying Predictors For Inflammation-Induced Preterm Birth: A Murine Study, Tzu Ning Liu Bs, Jose Galaz Md, Nardhy Gomez-Lopez Phd Jun 2022

Identifying Predictors For Inflammation-Induced Preterm Birth: A Murine Study, Tzu Ning Liu Bs, Jose Galaz Md, Nardhy Gomez-Lopez Phd

Medical Student Research Symposium

Introduction: Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. A large proportion of preterm deliveries is affected by intra-amniotic inflammation, which can occur in the presence (intra-amniotic infection) or absence (sterile intra-amniotic inflammation) of microbes. Studies have shown an association between intra-amniotic inflammation, cervical shortening, and changes in the cervicovaginal microbiome. However, their causal relationships are unknown. This study aims to determine the causality of intra-amniotic inflammation, cervical shortening, and cervicovaginal microbiome alterations.

Methods: Pregnant C57BL/6 dams received an ultrasound-guided intra-amniotic injection of an endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the alarmin interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) on 16.5 …


A Case Report On Causes Of Covid-19 Induced Psychosis And Treatments, Jennifer Pires, Steven Sarner May 2022

A Case Report On Causes Of Covid-19 Induced Psychosis And Treatments, Jennifer Pires, Steven Sarner

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

COVID-19 is a viral infection that is caused by an RNA virus in a subfamily of Coronaviridae named severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS CoV 2). The family also includes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS CoV) which have previously been shown to cause respiratory symptoms and psychosis with immunoreactivity to IgG.


A Preliminary Report: The Hippocampus And Surrounding Temporal Cortex Of Patients With Schizophrenia Have Impaired Blood-Brain Barrier, Eric L. Goldwaser, Randel L. Swanson, Edgardo J. Arroyo, Venkat Venkataraman, Mary C. Kosciuk, Robert G. Nagele, L. Elliot Hong, Nimish K. Acharya May 2022

A Preliminary Report: The Hippocampus And Surrounding Temporal Cortex Of Patients With Schizophrenia Have Impaired Blood-Brain Barrier, Eric L. Goldwaser, Randel L. Swanson, Edgardo J. Arroyo, Venkat Venkataraman, Mary C. Kosciuk, Robert G. Nagele, L. Elliot Hong, Nimish K. Acharya

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Schizophrenia (SZ) is one of the most severe forms of mental illness, yet mechanisms remain unclear. A widely established brain finding in SZ is hippocampal atrophy, and a coherent explanation similarly is lacking. Epidemiological evidence suggests increased cerebrovascular and cardiovascular complications in SZ independent of lifestyle and medication, pointing to disease-specific pathology. Endothelial cell contributions to blood-brain barrier (BBB) compromise may influence neurovascular unit and peripheral vascular function, and we hypothesize that downstream functional and structural abnormalities may be explained by impaired BBB.


Case Report: Covid Arm (Covid Vaccine Arm), Joseph Pagano, James Espinosa, Alan Lucerna, Henry Schuitema May 2022

Case Report: Covid Arm (Covid Vaccine Arm), Joseph Pagano, James Espinosa, Alan Lucerna, Henry Schuitema

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

We report the case of a 38-year-old male physician who was vaccinated with the Pfizer vaccine. He experienced arm pain and swelling on the vaccinated arm as well as systemic symptoms, including fever, chills, headache and weakness. The systemic symptoms improved after the use of oral prednisone. A review of the literature on the COVID vaccine is presented.


The Brodmann Area 39/40 Of The Brain In Alzheimer’S, Mild Cognitive Impairment, And No Cognitive Impairment Subjects At Advanced Age Demonstrate Comparable Levels Of Blood-Brain Barrier Breach, Dhara Rana, Forum Mangrola, Randel L. Swanson, Venkat Venkataraman, David A. Bennett, Zoe Arvanitakis, David Libon, Robert Nagele, Nimish Acharya May 2022

The Brodmann Area 39/40 Of The Brain In Alzheimer’S, Mild Cognitive Impairment, And No Cognitive Impairment Subjects At Advanced Age Demonstrate Comparable Levels Of Blood-Brain Barrier Breach, Dhara Rana, Forum Mangrola, Randel L. Swanson, Venkat Venkataraman, David A. Bennett, Zoe Arvanitakis, David Libon, Robert Nagele, Nimish Acharya

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

• Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common form of dementia

• Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), specifically amnestic subtype, more likely to progress to AD

• Pathogenesis Theories:

  • o Accumulation of amyloid-beta peptides and neurofibrillary tangles containing hyperphosphorylated neuronal tau protein
  • o Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) dysfunction is associated with AD pathogenesis

• Brodmann area 39/40: regions of parietal cortex are responsible for language, spatial cognition, memory retrieval, attention, phonological processing, and emotional processing

• Hypothesis: An increased BBB permeability in Brodmann area 39/40 of AD and age-matched MCI and no cognitive impairment (NCI) subjects


Improvement Of Memory Loss Through Dietary Intervention In The Assisted Living And Rehabilitative Settings, Alexander Swartz, Martin Forsberg May 2022

Improvement Of Memory Loss Through Dietary Intervention In The Assisted Living And Rehabilitative Settings, Alexander Swartz, Martin Forsberg

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

• The ketogenic diet is a popular, controversial diet that fuels the brain through beta-oxidation of fatty acids and production of ketone bodies, the most populous of which is betahydroxybutyrate (BHB).

  • The ketogenic diet consists of 70-80% fats, 20-25% protein, and 5-10% carbohydrates.

• Medically, the ketogenic diet is utilized in patients with epilepsy and recommended by some physicians to improve general health through weight loss and insulin sensitivity.

• Key factors of neurodegeneration include glucose hypometabolism, oxidative damage, and neuroinflammation.

  • Studies have shown that with ingestion of exogenous ketones alone, or endogenous ketonemia through a ketogenic diet, there is: …


Plasmalogen Deficiency: A Risk Factor For Dementias And Potential Treatment Target, Mitchel A. Kling, Mallika Mendu, Rima F. Kaddurah-Daouk, Sheldon Jordan, Dayan B. Goodenowe May 2022

Plasmalogen Deficiency: A Risk Factor For Dementias And Potential Treatment Target, Mitchel A. Kling, Mallika Mendu, Rima F. Kaddurah-Daouk, Sheldon Jordan, Dayan B. Goodenowe

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Altered lipid metabolism is implicated in the risk of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD); however, the precise mechanisms accounting for findings from observational studies remains to be fully elucidated.

Plasmalogens are a subclass of integral membrane phospholipids with unique properties that appear to play important roles relevant to the pathophysiology of AD and ADRD, including vesicle fusion necessary for synaptic neurotransmitter release, modulation of membrane fluidity and microdomain dynamics, membrane antioxidant functions, and neuroprotection. Like the more familiar phosphatides, plasmalogens are synthesized on a 3-carbon glycerol backbone; however, they differ from phosphatides by the presence of a …


A Suspected Case Of Vaccine Induced Thrombosis With Thrombocytopenia Following Sars Cov2 Vaccine, Maryam Soliman May 2022

A Suspected Case Of Vaccine Induced Thrombosis With Thrombocytopenia Following Sars Cov2 Vaccine, Maryam Soliman

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

With the new development of the SARS-CoV vaccine and the majority of the population receiving this vaccine, it is important to recognize some of the rare side effects associated with it.

VITT is a rare complication of the COVID vaccine

Diagnostic criteria: COVID vaccine 4-24 days prior to symptom onset, any venous or arterial thrombosis, thrombocytopenia < 150, positive PF4 HIT ELISA, markedly elevated D-dimer >4x ULN.

Vaccine Induced Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia is a potentially life-threatening diagnosis that must be recognized and treated correctly to prevent poor outcomes.


Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms-Unclassifiable With Isolated Isochromosome 17q Represents A Distinct Clinico-Biologic Subset: A Multi-Institutional Collaborative Study From The Bone Marrow Pathology Group, Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna, Attilio Orazi, Robert P Hasserjian, Daniel A Arber, Kaaren Reichard, Eric D Hsi, Adam Bagg, Heesun Joyce Rogers, Julia Geyer, Faezeh Darbaniyan, Kim-Anh Do, Kyle M Devins, Olga Pozdnyakova, Tracy I George, Paola Dal Cin, Patricia T Greipp, Mark J Routbort, Keyur Patel, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Srdan Verstovsek, L Jeffrey Medeiros, Sa A Wang, Carlos Bueso-Ramos Apr 2022

Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms-Unclassifiable With Isolated Isochromosome 17q Represents A Distinct Clinico-Biologic Subset: A Multi-Institutional Collaborative Study From The Bone Marrow Pathology Group, Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna, Attilio Orazi, Robert P Hasserjian, Daniel A Arber, Kaaren Reichard, Eric D Hsi, Adam Bagg, Heesun Joyce Rogers, Julia Geyer, Faezeh Darbaniyan, Kim-Anh Do, Kyle M Devins, Olga Pozdnyakova, Tracy I George, Paola Dal Cin, Patricia T Greipp, Mark J Routbort, Keyur Patel, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Srdan Verstovsek, L Jeffrey Medeiros, Sa A Wang, Carlos Bueso-Ramos

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Classification of myeloid neoplasms with isolated isochromosome i(17q) [17p deletion with inherent monoallelic TP53 loss plus 17q duplication] is controversial. Most cases fall within the WHO unclassifiable myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN-U) category. The uniformly dismal outcomes warrant better understanding of this entity. We undertook a multi-institutional retrospective study of 92 adult MDS/MPN-U cases from eight institutions. Twenty-nine (32%) patients had isolated i(17q) [MDS/MPN-i(17q)]. Compared to MDS/MPN without i(17q), MDS/MPN-i(17q) patients were significantly younger, had lower platelet and absolute neutrophil counts, and higher frequency of splenomegaly and circulating blasts. MDS/MPN-i(17q) cases showed frequent bilobed neutrophils (75% vs. 23%; P = 0.03), hypolobated …


Kidney Disease After Heart And Lung Transplantation, Carlos M Zapata, Hassan N Ibrahim Jan 2022

Kidney Disease After Heart And Lung Transplantation, Carlos M Zapata, Hassan N Ibrahim

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not only common after lung and heart transplantation but also is associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to multiple pre-, peri- and post-transplant factors. While the exact incidence of CKD in this population is not well-defined, it seems to have gradually increased over the years as older recipients are more frequently considered. The increasing success of the procedure and expanding transplant candidate pool has allowed many with comorbid conditions to receive a transplant, which was considered prohibitive in the past. This review presents risk factors that have been linked to CKD as well as …


A Survey On Self-Medication For The Prevention Or Treatment Of Covid-19 And Distrust In Healthcare Of Veterans In A Primary Care Setting In The United States, Eva Amenta, Larissa Grigoryan, Laura Dillon, Casey Hines-Munson, John Van, Barbara Trautner Jan 2022

A Survey On Self-Medication For The Prevention Or Treatment Of Covid-19 And Distrust In Healthcare Of Veterans In A Primary Care Setting In The United States, Eva Amenta, Larissa Grigoryan, Laura Dillon, Casey Hines-Munson, John Van, Barbara Trautner

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic brought the public overwhelming and conflicting information. Rates of trust in healthcare professionals have been declining among laypersons over the past five decades. In this setting, we sought to evaluate the use of medications, both with or without a prescription, to prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2 as well as trust in healthcare among patients in a primary care clinic.

DESIGN: We surveyed 150 veterans in primary care clinic waiting rooms at a large southwestern tertiary care Veterans Affairs hospital. This survey was performed in March-November 2021.

METHODS: The survey asked about respondents' demographics, use of medications, …


Complexities And Complications Of Extreme Obesity, Haval Ali, Udit Naik, Michelle Mcdonald, Mohammad Almosa, Karen Horn, Alexis Staines, Louis Maximilian Buja Jan 2022

Complexities And Complications Of Extreme Obesity, Haval Ali, Udit Naik, Michelle Mcdonald, Mohammad Almosa, Karen Horn, Alexis Staines, Louis Maximilian Buja

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Obesity is a common chronic disorder and has detrimental long-term consequences if left untreated. Herein, we report a case of a young lady who suffered from morbid obesity and many of its consequences, and we present a literature review of these complications. While the cause of obesity is multifactorial, the genetic component is particularly important in the pathophysiology of marked obesity. Resistance to Leptin is considered one of the main causes of obesity. There is a unique relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity, as observed in our case. Obesity is associated with cardiovascular and lung diseases such as heart …


Role Of Meibum And Tear Phospholipids In The Evaporative Water Loss Associated With Dry Eye., Samiyyah M. Sledge Dec 2021

Role Of Meibum And Tear Phospholipids In The Evaporative Water Loss Associated With Dry Eye., Samiyyah M. Sledge

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

It is generally believed that the tear film lipid surface film inhibits the rate of evaporation (Revap) of the underlying tear aqueous. It is also generally believed that changes in the composition of the tear film lipid layer is responsible for an increase in Revap in patients with dry eye. Both of these ideas have never been proven. The purpose of the current studies was to test these ideas. Revap was measured in vitro gravimetrically. Lipid spreading was measured using Raman spectroscopy and microscopy. The influence of the following surface films on the Revap of the sub phase of physiologically …


Mitophagy In Depression: Pathophysiology And Treatment Targets, Ashutosh Tripathi, Giselli Scaini, Tatiana Barichello, João Quevedo, Anilkumar Pillai Nov 2021

Mitophagy In Depression: Pathophysiology And Treatment Targets, Ashutosh Tripathi, Giselli Scaini, Tatiana Barichello, João Quevedo, Anilkumar Pillai

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Mitochondria, the 'powerhouse' of eukaryotic cells, play a key role in cellular homeostasis. However, defective mitochondria increase mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production and cell-free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release, leading to increased inflammation. Mitophagy is a vital pathway, which selectively removes defective mitochondria through the process of autophagy. Thus, an impairment in the mitophagy pathway might trigger the gradual accumulation of defective mitochondria. Accumulating evidence suggest that inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are linked to the pathogenesis of depression. In this article, we have reviewed the role of impaired mitophagy as a contributing factor in depression pathophysiology. Further, we have discussed the potential …


Asthma Pathophysiology, Tyler Wolpert Aug 2021

Asthma Pathophysiology, Tyler Wolpert

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

This poster will examine the pathophysiology of Asthma, explore signs and symptoms of the disease, and review different treatment modalities. The Doctorate of Nursing (DNP) prepared nurse should be able to identify signs and symptoms of the disease and be prepared to manage the disease from a medical standpoint, as well as with behavior modification. The economic burden of asthma on healthcare yearly is over $82 billion. It is pertinent that continued research is done in the field of asthma to reduce the economic impacts of the disease, as well as to help improve patient outcomes on people living with …


Microangiopathic Haemolytic Anaemia Diagnosis And Management In Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura And Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome: A Review, Adam P. Korneluk Jun 2021

Microangiopathic Haemolytic Anaemia Diagnosis And Management In Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura And Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome: A Review, Adam P. Korneluk

International Undergraduate Journal of Health Sciences

Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MAHA) describes non-immune haemolysis by intravascular fragmentation of red blood cells, resulting from microvascular thrombosis characteristic of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). TMA-associated MAHAs include several diseases but are mostly associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and haemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). TTP is caused by a severe deficiency in ADAMTS13 proteinase, responsible for regulating coagulation, either due to presence of anti-ADAMTS13 (acquired iTTP; immune-mediated) or mutations in ADAMTS13 itself (congenital cTTP). HUS is caused by abnormal and uncontrolled complement activation, either by bacterial toxin activity (typical dHUS) or lack of normal regulatory proteins (atypical aHUS). This review focuses on TTP …


Full Issue: The International Undergraduate Journal Of Health Sciences, Volume 1, Issue 1, June 2021, Iujhs Full Issue Jun 2021

Full Issue: The International Undergraduate Journal Of Health Sciences, Volume 1, Issue 1, June 2021, Iujhs Full Issue

International Undergraduate Journal of Health Sciences

The full June 2021 issue (Volume 1, Issue 1) of the International Undergraduate Journal of Health Sciences


Machine Learning Classification Of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Versus Healthy Controls Using Arterial Spin Labeled Perfusion Mri, Vanessa I. Grass Jun 2021

Machine Learning Classification Of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Versus Healthy Controls Using Arterial Spin Labeled Perfusion Mri, Vanessa I. Grass

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of death and disability worldwide, yet accurate in vivo detection of TBI neuropathology remains challenging due to complexities in the structural and functional changes observed post-injury as well as limitations in conventional neuroimaging modalities. Although advanced neuroimaging techniques such as arterial spin labeling (ASL) can noninvasively assess cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes observed post-injury, this technique is underutilized in TBI research partly due to the low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) inherent in ASL imaging. The aim of the current study is to examine the use of machine learning, specifically a Support …


Alzheimer’S And Patient Caregiver Burnout: A Comprehensive Review Of The Literature, Madeline J. Hekeler May 2021

Alzheimer’S And Patient Caregiver Burnout: A Comprehensive Review Of The Literature, Madeline J. Hekeler

Senior Honors Projects, 2020-current

The term ‘silent epidemic’ has become fitting for Alzheimer’s disease, as it is now the sixth leading cause of death in the US. Caring for AD patients at home in the US costs billions of dollars each year. The current comprehensive literature review discusses the background/history of AD, pathology and modes of transmission of AD, behavioral and natural risk factors, prevention and treatment options, and how the aforementioned factors contribute to caregiver burnout and subsequently affect the AD patient. The extensive examination of the literature determined several gaps to be addressed. More specifically, burnout among AD caregivers has become an …


Case Presentation: Lower Back Pain Or Chronic Acetaminophen Overdose?, Meghan Whitt, Christopher Schwartz, Bhumi Shah May 2021

Case Presentation: Lower Back Pain Or Chronic Acetaminophen Overdose?, Meghan Whitt, Christopher Schwartz, Bhumi Shah

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Unintentional ingestions can pose a difficult challenge to diagnose in the setting of the Emergency Department. Many may present with vague symptoms that are not consistent with classic overdose prodromes. Many patients do not identify or disclose over the counter medications, such as analgesics, with which acute/chronic ingestion in large quantities can result in life threatening medical emergencies. Their underlying symptoms may also cloud their clinical picture, further complicating workup within the ED.


Physiological Response And Tissue Damage Following Different Depths Of Impact In A Rodent Model Of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Haven K. Predale, Christopher P. Knapp, Barry D. Waterhouse, Rachel L. Navarra May 2021

Physiological Response And Tissue Damage Following Different Depths Of Impact In A Rodent Model Of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Haven K. Predale, Christopher P. Knapp, Barry D. Waterhouse, Rachel L. Navarra

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a serious public health concern that can result in significant neurological and behavioral deficit. mTBI results from impact to the head and can be repetitive in nature, especially in sports and domestic violence cases. Our laboratory studies the effects of repetitive mTBI on risky choice behavior in rodents using a closed-head controlled cortical impact (CH-CCI) model of injury and a well-established probabilistic discounting task that assesses risk-based decision-making behavior. We have recently found that females, but not males, display transient increases in risky choice behavior following three CH-CI’s delivered at 5.5m/s velocity and 2.5 …


The Impact Of Prolonged Estrogen Deficiency On Cardiac Hypertrophy Following Chronic Sympathetic Stimulation, Isabelle Krueger May 2021

The Impact Of Prolonged Estrogen Deficiency On Cardiac Hypertrophy Following Chronic Sympathetic Stimulation, Isabelle Krueger

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death for both men and women in developed countries. Compared to age-matched males, premenopausal women experience lower rates of CVD but this increases after menopause. A central feature in CVD is changes in sympathetic regulation leading to pathological changes such as cardiac hypertrophy characterized by changes in cardiomyocyte size due to overcompensation of the muscle following injury. The goal of this research is to study the effect of prolonged estrogen loss on cardiac hypertrophy following chronic sympathetic stimulation. Female mice were ovariectomized at 10 weeks of age and treated with Isoproterenol to …


Pde4 Inhibition: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy In Liver Fibrosis., Mohamed Elnagdy May 2021

Pde4 Inhibition: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy In Liver Fibrosis., Mohamed Elnagdy

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: Liver fibrosis is accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins due to chronic liver injury. Chronic hepatic damage can occur due to multiple causes including, alcohol, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and chronic viral hepatitis. Liver fibrosis is a critical problem worldwide due to the extremely high incidence of alcohol associated liver damage and chronic viral hepatitis. Moreover, there is no FDA approved therapy for liver fibrosis. Activation and transdifferentiation of quiecent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to myofibroblasts (MFBs) is the main event contributing to liver fibrosis. This process involves two phases, the initiation and the perpetuation phases. Hepatocyte injury and inflammatory response …


Non-Selective Primary Human Tumor Cell Line Generation From Surgical Resections To Be Paired With Flash Frozen And Paraffin Embedded Tissue: Advancements In Democratizing Translational Research Materials To Rural Institutions, Jennifer Hawkins, Rebecca Russell, Logan M. Lawrence, Amrita Valluri, Jessica Wellman, Krista Denning Apr 2021

Non-Selective Primary Human Tumor Cell Line Generation From Surgical Resections To Be Paired With Flash Frozen And Paraffin Embedded Tissue: Advancements In Democratizing Translational Research Materials To Rural Institutions, Jennifer Hawkins, Rebecca Russell, Logan M. Lawrence, Amrita Valluri, Jessica Wellman, Krista Denning

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Translational cancer research relies on the availability of human patient tissue demonstrating the specific disease process under investigation. Biobanks of human tissue have historically been and remain to date the primary access point for cancer research samples. Biorepositories routinely supply researchers with varying sample types for use in biomedical studies; most commonly formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue, or fresh snap-frozen tissue. In conjunction with preserved tissue samples, viable tumor cell lines derived from patient tissue have emerged to be a new gold standard in cancer research particularly in drug discovery and functional prognostic assays. Tissue banks providing these samples are …


Long-Term Impacts Of Acute Stressor Exposure On Locus Coeruleus Function And Anxiety-Like Behavior In Rats, Olga Borodovitsyna Apr 2021

Long-Term Impacts Of Acute Stressor Exposure On Locus Coeruleus Function And Anxiety-Like Behavior In Rats, Olga Borodovitsyna

Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Theses and Dissertations

Stress is a physiological state characterized by behavioral arousal that occurs during exposure to harmful or threatening stimuli, and usually facilitates an adaptive behavioral response. The persistence of stress sometimes causes it to become maladaptive, potentially contributing to disease development, including physiological complications with altered neuroendocrine signaling and impaired function of organ systems, and psychological conditions including depression and anxiety. Anxiety disorders in particular are associated with a history of stress and are the most common class of mental disorders, with a lifetime prevalence of 33.7% in the general population. The locus coeruleus (LC) is a major node in the …


A High-Throughput Approach To Characterizing Arv1 On The Regulation Of Lipid Homeostasis Uncovers A Novel Interaction With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Nicholas Anthony Wachowski Apr 2021

A High-Throughput Approach To Characterizing Arv1 On The Regulation Of Lipid Homeostasis Uncovers A Novel Interaction With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Nicholas Anthony Wachowski

Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Theses and Dissertations

Acyl-CoA cholesterol acyl transferase related enzyme-2 required for viability 1 (ARV1) was first recognized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a study done in 2000 by Tinkelenberg et al. In yeast, the deletion of ARV1 results in numerous defects including abnormal sterol trafficking [1], the reduction of sphingolipid metabolism [2], synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor [3], ER stress [4], and hypersensitivity of fatty acids leading to lipoapoptosis [5]. Arv1 germline deletion in mice displayed a lean phenotype with increased energy [6]. In humans, ARV1 mutations lead to epileptic encephalopathy [7].

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) consists of simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis …


Relation Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Based Arterial Signal Enhancement To Markers Of Peripheral Artery Disease, Olga A Gimnich, Jonathan Holbrook, Tatiana Belousova, Christina M Short, Addison A Taylor, Vijay Nambi, Joel D Morrisett, Christie M Ballantyne, Jean Bismuth, Dipan J Shah, Gerd Brunner Feb 2021

Relation Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Based Arterial Signal Enhancement To Markers Of Peripheral Artery Disease, Olga A Gimnich, Jonathan Holbrook, Tatiana Belousova, Christina M Short, Addison A Taylor, Vijay Nambi, Joel D Morrisett, Christie M Ballantyne, Jean Bismuth, Dipan J Shah, Gerd Brunner

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with impaired lower extremity function. We hypothesized that contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) based arterial signal enhancement (SE) measures are associated with markers of PAD. A total of 66 participants were enrolled, 10 were excluded due to incomplete data, resulting in 56 participants for the final analyses (36 PAD, 20 matched controls). MR imaging was performed postreactive hyperemia using bilateral thigh blood-pressure cuffs. First pass-perfusion images were acquired at the mid-calf region with a high-resolution saturation recovery gradient echo pulse sequence, and arterial SE was measured for the lower extremity arteries. As expected, peak …


Endmt Regulation By Small Rnas In Diabetes-Associated Fibrotic Conditions: Potential Link With Oxidative Stress, Roberta Giordo, Yusra M A Ahmed, Hilda Allam, Salah Abusnana, Lucia Pappalardo, Gheyath K Nasrallah, Arduino Aleksander Mangoni, Gianfranco Pintus Jan 2021

Endmt Regulation By Small Rnas In Diabetes-Associated Fibrotic Conditions: Potential Link With Oxidative Stress, Roberta Giordo, Yusra M A Ahmed, Hilda Allam, Salah Abusnana, Lucia Pappalardo, Gheyath K Nasrallah, Arduino Aleksander Mangoni, Gianfranco Pintus

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Diabetes-associated complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, and atherosclerosis, the main consequences of long-term hyperglycemia, often lead to organ dysfunction, disability, and increased mortality. A common denominator of these complications is the myofibroblast-driven excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Although fibroblast appears to be the primary source of myofibroblasts, other cells, including endothelial cells, can generate myofibroblasts through a process known as endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT). During EndMT, endothelial cells lose their typical phenotype to acquire mesenchymal features, characterized by the development of invasive and migratory abilities as well as the expression of typical mesenchymal products such as α-smooth …


Goblet Cell Carcinoma Of The Appendix: A Case Report On Goblet Cell Carcinoid, Sheliza Kabani, Aubtin Saedi, Austin Lehr, Lina O'Brien Dec 2020

Goblet Cell Carcinoma Of The Appendix: A Case Report On Goblet Cell Carcinoid, Sheliza Kabani, Aubtin Saedi, Austin Lehr, Lina O'Brien

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Goblet cell carcinoid of the appendix is a rare neoplasm with histological features of both neuroendocrine and adenocarcinomas. The combination of its aggressive behavior, infrequent occurrence, and variable clinical presentation convolutes the management of this tumor. We report the case of a 75-year-old female presenting with acute appendicitis. A laparoscopic appendectomy was performed. The pathology report showed goblet cell carcinoid at the base of the appendix with involvement of the proximal surgical margins. At her postoperative visit, the patient’s pathology report and options for management were reviewed, and the patient agreed to proceed with a right hemicolectomy 8-10 weeks after …


Allogeneic Mesenchymal Cell Therapy In Anthracycline-Induced Cardiomyopathy Heart Failure Patients: The Cctrn Seneca Trial, Roberto Bolli, Emerson C Perin, James T Willerson, Phillip C Yang, Jay H Traverse, Timothy D Henry, Carl J Pepine, Raul D Mitrani, Joshua M Hare, Michael P Murphy, Keith L March, Sohail Ikram, David P Lee, Connor O'Brien, Jean-Bernard Durand, Kathy Miller, Joao A Lima, Mohammad R Ostovaneh, Bharath Ambale-Venkatesh, Adrian P Gee, Sara Richman, Doris A Taylor, Shelly L Sayre, Judy Bettencourt, Rachel W Vojvodic, Michelle L Cohen, Lara M Simpson, Dejian Lai, David Aguilar, Catalin Loghin, Lem Moyé, Ray F Ebert, Barry R Davis, Robert D Simari Nov 2020

Allogeneic Mesenchymal Cell Therapy In Anthracycline-Induced Cardiomyopathy Heart Failure Patients: The Cctrn Seneca Trial, Roberto Bolli, Emerson C Perin, James T Willerson, Phillip C Yang, Jay H Traverse, Timothy D Henry, Carl J Pepine, Raul D Mitrani, Joshua M Hare, Michael P Murphy, Keith L March, Sohail Ikram, David P Lee, Connor O'Brien, Jean-Bernard Durand, Kathy Miller, Joao A Lima, Mohammad R Ostovaneh, Bharath Ambale-Venkatesh, Adrian P Gee, Sara Richman, Doris A Taylor, Shelly L Sayre, Judy Bettencourt, Rachel W Vojvodic, Michelle L Cohen, Lara M Simpson, Dejian Lai, David Aguilar, Catalin Loghin, Lem Moyé, Ray F Ebert, Barry R Davis, Robert D Simari

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy (AIC) may be irreversible with a poor prognosis, disproportionately affecting women and young adults. Administration of allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (allo-MSCs) is a promising approach to heart failure (HF) treatment.

OBJECTIVES: SENECA (Stem Cell Injection in Cancer Survivors) was a phase 1 study of allo-MSCs in AIC.

METHODS: Cancer survivors with chronic AIC (mean age 56.6 years; 68% women; NT-proBNP 1,426 pg/ml; 6 enrolled in an open-label, lead-in phase and 31 subjects randomized 1:1) received 1 × 10

RESULTS: A total of 97% of subjects underwent successful study product injections; all allo-MSC-assigned subjects received the …