Eye Diseases Commons^™

Conjunctival Papilloma Across Eras: Comparison Of Historical And Modern Cohorts, Lily C. Farrell, Robert J. Medina, Justin C. Muste, Hemal P. Patel, Sara E. Lally, Ralph C. Eagle C. Eagle, Carol L. Shields, Tatyana Milman

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

Objective: To evaluate and compare epidemiology, clinical and histopathologic features, and outcomes of conjunctival papilloma in historical and modern cohorts. Design: Retrospective comparative cohort study. Participants: Patients with conjunctival papilloma at a tertiary referral center between 2015 and 2024. Methods: A retrospective review of Oncology and Pathology records was conducted to identify all patients with conjunctival papilloma over a 10-year period (2015–2024). Data collected included demographics, HPV vaccination status, clinical tumor characteristics, treatment modalities, outcomes, and histopathologic findings of excised lesions. Patients were stratified by age (≤20 vs.> 20 years). Findings were compared with a historical cohort managed at the …

Meeting Report From The 2025 Cure Ocular Melanoma (Cure Om) Global Science Meeting, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, October 2025, Andrew E. Aplin, Katherina Alsina, Allison S. Betof, Joseph Birkett, Marcus O. Butler, George Cole, Rizwan Haq, Florian A. Karreth, Vinit B. Mahajan, Rahul Marpadga, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, Paul Nathan, Jonas A. Nilsson, Gary Palmer, Joseph J. Sacco, Takami Sato, Sarah Stanhope, Pang-Ning Teng, Kyleigh Lipira

Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

The 2025 Cure Ocular Melanoma (CURE OM) Global Science Meeting took place in Amsterdam, The Netherlands on October 25th, 2025. Several promising drug candidates are in development; however, there is still an urgent need for better prevention, detection, and treatment of uveal melanoma. The purpose of this meeting was to promote international collaboration and idea exchange between scientists, industry, and patient advocates.

Multi-Grader Validation Of The Telemedicine Retinopathy Of Prematurity Severity Score, Harrison W. Pratt, Sarthak V. Shah, Cindy S. Zhao, Arthur R. Brant, Caroline R. Baumal, Cagri G. Besirli, Audina M. Berrocal, Kimberley A. Drenser, Anna L. Ells, Clio Armitage Harper, G. Baker Hubbard, Eric D. Nudleman, Polly Quiram, Irena Tsui, Edward Wood, Yoshihiro Yonekawa, Tatiana Rosenblatt, Jochen Kumm, Darius M. Moshfeghi

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

We aimed to statefully validate Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) grading by evaluating intergrader variability over age-matched simulated exams. In a prospective retinal photographic grading cohort study, both eyes of twenty patients with five images per eye per visit were graded by twelve expert graders across six weekly visits. For each eye visit, ROP experts graded the Zone, Stage, and Plus, from which the Telemedicine ROP Severity Score (tROP-SS) was calculated. Graders retained knowledge of prior assessments for a given eye and followed International Classification of ROP rules. Intergrader coefficient of variation (CoV) for Zone, Stage, Plus, and tROP-SS remained below …

Gene-Agnostic Therapeutic Strategies For Inherited Retinal Diseases: Neuroprotection And Immunomodulation, Lucas W. Rowe, S. Patricia Becerra, Robert E. Maclaren, Robert L. Avery, Charles C. Wykoff, Allen C. Ho, Carl D. Regillo, Dean Eliott, Andrew Osborne, Katie M. Binley, Thomas A. Ciulla

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

Background/Objectives: Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) represent a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders caused by mutations in over 280 genes with more than 3100 identified variants. While gene-specific replacement therapies have achieved landmark success with voretigene neparvovec (Luxturna) for biallelic RPE65-associated retinal dystrophy, developing individual therapies for each genetic subtype remains impractical. This review examines gene-agnostic therapeutic approaches utilizing neuroprotection and immunomodulation that target common pathophysiological mechanisms shared across multiple IRD genotypes. Methods: We reviewed the literature on neuroprotective and immunomodulatory gene therapy strategies for IRDs, focusing on neurotrophic factors and complement system modulation. Results: Neuroprotective approaches delivering neurotrophic factors—including pigment …

Infectious Retinitis Associated With Jak Inhibitors: The Ongoing Duality Of Jak Inhibitors, Jose S. Pulido, Fukutaro Mano, Marcello Casella, Susumu Ishida

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

PURPOSE: To discuss the recent evidence that Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors can cause viral retinitis.

METHODS: A commentary on the case report in this issue and a review of cases in the literature.

RESULTS: A total of 6 cases have now been reported of cytomegalovirus retinitis associated with Jak inhibitors. Additionally, there was a case of bilateral toxoplasma retinitis and a case of herpetic scleritis.

DISCUSSION: It is important to be aware of the potential blinding complications associated with JAK inhibitors and if the patient complains of acute vision loss and/or floaters, the patient should be emergently referred to a …

Comparison Of Ventilation Support During Laser Treatment Of Retinopathy Of Prematurity, Jason Peng, Raghav Taneja, Barry N. Wasserman, Krystal Hunter, Vineet Bhandari, Alla Kushnir

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

Highlights: What are the main findings? Preterm infants undergoing ROP laser surgery with routine elective intubation had significantly longer durations of post-operative mechanical ventilation. Routine intubation during this procedure did not improve short-term clinical outcomes, such as overall hospital length of stay or timing of laser intervention in the infant’s life. What are the implications of the main findings? Routine intubation strategies may unnecessarily increase exposure to mechanical ventilation without improving clinical outcomes. Standardization of perioperative intubation practices across hospitals may be needed to optimize respiratory support in this vulnerable population. Objective: To compare respiratory outcomes between infants undergoing retinopathy …

Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Surveillance: A Delphi Panel Consensus, Juan Alban, R. Christopher Bowen, David A. Reichstein, Meredith Mckean, Jose Lutzky, Ezekiel Weis, Richard D. Carvajal, Susan Dulka, Brian G. Morse, Marcus O. Butler, Suthee Rapisuwon, Kevin B. Kim, Sanjay Chandrasekaran, Allison Betof Warner, Jonathan S. Zager, Bartosz Chmielowski, Sapna P. Patel, Leonel Fernando Hernandez-Aya, Zelia M. Correa, Leslie A. Fecher, Yana G. Najjar, Kamaneh Montazeri, Alexander N. Shoushtari, Asad Javed, Dan S. Gombos, April K. S. Salama, Katy Tsai, Frank H. Miller, Nikhil Khushalani, Rino S. Seedor, Evan J. Lipson, Sunil A. Reddy, Elizabeth Buchbinder, Shailender Bhatia, Anna Pavlick, Inderjit Mehmi, Thomas Aaberg, Alexandra P. Ikeguchi, Ivana K. Kim, Scott D. Walter, Arun D. Singh, Ryan J. Sullivan, Jacob S. Choi, Basil K. Williams, Marlana Orloff, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, Megan D. Schollenberger, Namita Gandhi, J. William Harbour, Sunandana Chandra

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Uveal melanoma is a rare but aggressive intraocular malignancy that metastasizes in up to half of patients, most commonly to the liver, despite effective local treatment. In the absence of robust evidence, there are no standardized guidelines for post-treatment surveillance, resulting in wide variation in imaging modalities, frequency, and duration across physicians and institutions. This study aimed to develop expert consensus recommendations for surveillance strategies in patients with uveal melanoma.

METHODS: A modified Delphi method was conducted across three iterative survey rounds between September 2024 and February 2025 using an online platform. Panelists included medical oncologists, ocular oncologists, radiologists, …

Subgroup Analyses Of The Phase 3 Focus Study Of Melphalan/Hepatic Delivery System In Patients With Unresectable Metastatic Uveal Melanoma, Jonathan S. Zager, Marlana Orloff, Pier Francesco Ferrucci, Junsung Choi, David J. Eschelman, Evan S. Glazer, Aslam Ejaz, Erika Richtig, Sebastian Ochsenreither, Sunil A. Reddy, Michael C. Lowe, Georgia M. Beasley, Anja Gesierich, Martin Gschnell, Reinhard Dummer, Ana Arance, Stephen William Fenwick, Joseph J. Sacco, Johnny John, Matthew Wheater, Christian H. Ottensmeier

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: To assess efficacy and safety in subgroups of patients treated with Melphalan/Hepatic Delivery System (melphalan/HDS), a drug/device combination for liver-directed treatment of metastatic UM (mUM) patients. Previously reported FOCUS study results indicated melphalan/HDS treatment provides a clinically meaningful response rate and favorable benefit-risk ratio in patients with unresectable mUM.

METHODS: Patients with mUM received treatment with melphalan (3.0 mg/kg ideal body weight) every 6-8 weeks for up to 6 cycles. Post hoc analyses of efficacy and safety were conducted for patient subgroups based on demographic and baseline disease characteristics.

RESULTS: 102 patients with mUM were enrolled; treatment was attempted …

Bilateral Endogenous Fungal Endophthalmitis Following Elective Surgical Abortion: A Single Center Case Series, Viet Q. Chau, Jesse D. Sengillo, Flavius A. Beca, Julia L. Hudson, Thomas A. Albini, Harry W. Flynn

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

BACKGROUND: To describe the clinical features and management of three cases of bilateral endogenous fungal endophthalmitis following elective surgical abortion performed at the same outpatient surgical center.

METHODS: Case series.

OBSERVATIONS: Three immunocompetent women presented with vision loss days to weeks following elective surgical abortions performed at a single outpatient clinic. Initial visual acuities ranged from 20/20 to 20/300. Fundoscopic examination revealed multiple white round chorioretinal lesions with vitreous infiltration bilaterally in all three patients. Vitreous tap samples were obtained for culture and broad-spectrum intravitreal antimicrobials were administered. Despite negative cultures and systemic workup, the clinical presentation was consistent with …

Predicting Intravitreal Treatment Response Using Ultrawide-Field Angiographic Biomarkers In Diabetic Retinopathy, Karthik Reddy, Callie Deng, Boonkit Purt, Yue Liang, Nikhil Bommakanti, Gina Yu, Julie Rosenthal, Yannis M. Paulus

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight-threatening retinal disease with pathological mediation by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections are commonly used to manage DR. Ultra-wide-field fluorescein angiography (UWF-FA) can assess DR severity and characterize the amount of non-perfused retina (non-perfusion area, NP), neovascularization (neovascular area, NV), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ). However, the association between anti-VEGF treatment and NP, NV, and FAZ characterized by UWF-FA is not well established.

METHODS: A retrospective, single-center cohort study involved eyes of patients with Type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus with at least one UWF-FA image. The area of the FAZ, …

Setdb1 Is Critically Required For Uveal Melanoma Growth And Represents A Promising Therapeutic Target, Imène Krossa, Céline Pisibon, Yann Cheli, Karine Bille, Mélanie Dalmasso, Sabah Hamadat, Chrystel Husser, Marie Irondelle, Julien Cherfils-Vicini, Frédéric Soysouvanh, Sacha Nahon-Esteve, Arnaud Martel, Sandra Lassalle, Jean-Pierre Caujolle, Célia Maschi, Stéphanie Baillif, Dan Hasson, Saul Carcamo, Andrerw E. Aplin, Irwin Davidson, Emily Bernstein, Valeria Naim, Robert Ballotti, Corine Bertolotto, Thomas Strub

Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

Metastatic uveal melanomas are highly resistant to all existing treatments. To identify actionable vulnerabilities, we conducted a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen using a library composed of chromatin regulators. We revealed that the lysine methyltransferase, SETDB1, plays a critical role in metastatic uveal melanoma cell proliferation and survival. Functionally, SETDB1 deficiency induces a DNA damage response, senescence-like state and growth arrest. Knockdown of SETDB1 is associated with a decreased expression of genes related to replication and cell cycle. Moreover, deficiency in CDC6, an essential regulator of DNA replication, phenocopies SETDB1 inhibition. Using a pre-clinical model, we further demonstrated that anti-SETDB1 therapy impairs …

Cerebellar Dysfunction In Glaucoma Patients, Anisha Kasi, Ji Won Bang, Vivek Trivedi, Jeannie Au, Ian Conner, Gadi Wollstein, Joel Schuman, Rakie Cham, Kevin Chan

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

Glaucoma patients often have higher injurious fall rates compared to healthy older adults. However, little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. Recent evidence shows cerebral changes beyond the visual pathway of glaucoma patients, yet it remains unclear whether the cerebellum, which plays an important role in balance and motor control, is involved in glaucoma. In this study, we sought to investigate cerebellar functional connectivity changes in glaucoma by comparing 32 glaucoma subjects and 10 age-matched healthy control subjects who underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla with eyes closed. After conducting both regions-of-interest and seed-to-voxel analyses, we …

Concurrent Local Therapy Extends Clinical Benefit Of Tebentafusp In Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Patients, Tristan L. Lim, Kamaneh Montazeri, Eric Wehrenberg-Klee, Antoine Desilets, Rino S. Seedor, Marlana Orloff, Takami Sato, Michael Caplan, Mariam El-Ashmawy, Benjamin Izar, Shaheer Khan, Inderjit Mehmi, Aleigha Lawless, Theodore S. Hong, Omid Hamid, Richard D. Carvajal, Alexander Shoushtari, Ryan J. Sullivan

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Tebentafusp has significantly improved overall survival in HLA-A*02:01+ metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM) patients even in those with a best objective response of progressive disease. Thus, strategies to maintain tebentafusp therapy are critical. Here, we examine the efficacy and safety of adding concurrent local therapy (CLT) to tebentafusp upon radiological progression with tebentafusp alone.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This multicenter retrospective study included mUM patients treated with tebentafusp and CLT, consisting of extrahepatic soft tissue irradiation and liver-directed therapies (LDTs). Efficacy of target and nontarget sites were assessed per RECIST version 1.1. PFS with tebentafusp alone (PFS1) was compared to that …

Economics Of Corneal Cross-Linking For Keratoconus Treatment, Christopher J. Rapuano, Richard L. Lindstrom, Eric Donnenfeld, John P. Berdahl, Vance Thompson, David Kratochvil, John Carter

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

AIM: To optimize the real-world applicability of a health economic model estimating the cost-effectiveness of corneal cross-linking for the treatment of keratoconus in the United States.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A previously reported discrete-event simulation (DES) model was adapted to reassess the cost-effectiveness of corneal cross-linking (CXL) from the US payer perspective. The simulation of keratoconus progression, which is a key driver of model outcomes, was remodeled to more accurately reflect the real-world relationship between age and the rate of disease progression. All costs were updated to reflect 2025 values. We simulated 4,000 eyes of 2,000 patients diagnosed with keratoconus to …

Non-Invasive Detection Of Choroidal Melanoma Via Tear-Derived Protein Corona On Gold Nanoparticles: A Machine Learning Approach, Hakimeh Rakhshandeh, Ahmad Nasiraei, Hamid Riazi-Esfahani, Babak Masoomian, Fariba Ghassemi, Mojtaba Arjmand, Saeed Heidari Keshel, Fatemeh Atyabi, Rassoul Dinarvand

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

This study investigates the feasibility of using tear sample analysis, based on protein corona formation on gold nanoparticles combined with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and machine learning techniques, as a non-invasive approach for the detection of choroidal melanoma. The aim is to assess whether protein-nanoparticle interactions can support early and reliable identification of this ocular condition. Tear samples were collected using Schirmer strips from six healthy individuals and six patients diagnosed with choroidal melanoma, with subsequent augmentation to 18 samples per group. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, ~ 20 nm) were synthesized via citrate reduction and incubated with tear samples to …

The Impact Of Myopia On Regional Visual Field Loss And Progression In Glaucoma, Anagha Lokhande, Luo Song, Yueyin Pang, Yan Luo, Louis R. Pasquale, Sarah R. Wellik, Carlos G. De Moraes, Jonathan S. Myers, Mohammad Eslami, Tobias Elze, Lucy Q. Shen, Nazlee Zebardast, David S. Friedman, Michael V. Boland, Mengyu Wang

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of myopia on regional visual field (VF) loss and progression in glaucoma.

METHODS: We included 112,633 24-2 VFs; longitudinal analyses comprised patients with at least 5 reliable VFs over 4 years. The degree of myopia was measured by spherical equivalent (SE) extracted from VF testing. Linear and Cox regressions determined the impact of myopia on regional VF loss and progression, respectively. We calculated three VF progression outcomes: (1) mean deviation (MD) progression: MD slope < 0; (2) total deviation (TD) pointwise progression: at least 3 TD locations with TD slope ≤-1 decibels (dB)/year; (3) MD fast progression: MD slope ≤-1 dB/year (P value < 0.05). Longitudinal analyses were conducted for all subjects and with exclusion of patients with high myopia (SE ≤-6.00 diopters [D]).

RESULTS: More negative SE values were associated with worse TD values in the paracentral VF …

Chronic Poppers Maculopathy: Case Report And Literature Comparison Of Chronic And Acute Use, Francesco Cappellani, Caterina Gagliano, Jose S. Pulido

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

RATIONALE: Alkyl nitrites ("poppers") are recreational substances known for their vasodilatory and euphoric effects. Increasing evidence links them to a vision-threatening condition termed poppers maculopathy, characterized by foveal yellow spots and outer retinal changes on optical coherence tomography. While most reports describe acute exposure, little is known about long-term consequences. This case describes one of the longest documented durations of chronic poppers use, combined with a literature review to contextualize the clinical spectrum.

PATIENT CONCERNS: A 68-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and depression presented with progressive central vision loss in both eyes persisting for at …

Post-Traumatic Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Optic Neuritis: A Case Report, Saif A. Hamdan, Jaime Nassur, Sarah E. Thornton

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

PURPOSE: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) has recently been distinguished as its own disease entity separate from other demyelinating diseases. This case report highlights the possible association of orbital trauma with the development of MOG antibody (MOG-IgG) optic neuritis.

OBSERVATIONS: A 31-year-old male with no significant ocular history presented with blurry vision in the right eye four weeks after a motorcycle crash. Right eye examination was notable for a significant decrease in visual acuity with a relative afferent pupillary defect and circumferential disc elevation on fundoscopy. An extensive workup, including imaging and serology, revealed optic neuritis with a …

Infectious Scleritis: A Comprehensive Narrative Review Of Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, And Management Strategies, Hamidreza Ghanbari, Masoud Rahimi, Ali Momeni, Kiana Hassanpour, Nikoo Bayan, Karen E. Lee, Alex Hansen, Ali R. Djalilian, Christopher J. Rapuano, Mohammad Soleimani

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

This study aims to provide an update on infectious scleritis (IS). A comprehensive search was conducted using Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed. IS is a rare but critical condition that presents significant diagnostic challenges and often leads to poor visual outcomes. It accounts for approximately 5%-10% of scleritis cases and warrants significant attention due to its delayed diagnosis. Ocular surgery is the primary contributor to IS, accounting for a substantial proportion of cases ranging from 58% to 83%, followed by trauma contributing to approximately 10% of cases. IS can be caused by various microorganisms, including bacteria (86%-87%), fungi (11%-13%), viruses, …

Amaurosis Fugax Progressing To Retinal Artery Occlusion With Anterior Migration Of A Retrobulbar Embolus On Orbital Color Doppler Imaging, Ari H. August, Turner D. Wibbelsman, Erik Massenzio, Sarah E. Thornton, Danijel J. Peričić

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

PURPOSE: Orbital color Doppler imaging (CDI) is useful in the evaluation of sudden monocular vision loss, providing information on etiology which may guide management. We present two cases of amaurosis fugax progressing to retinal artery occlusion (RAO) associated with migration of a hyperechoic particle within the central retinal artery (CRA) and altered vascular dynamics found on CDI.

OBSERVATIONS: Both patients presented with amaurosis fugax, and CDI revealed a hyperechoic particle 2.8 mm from the optic nerve head in both patients. Patient 1 was found to have severe aortic stenosis and a thoracic aortic aneurysm and was managed with dual antiplatelet …

Predictors Of Final Visual Outcome In Patients With Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Treated With Lenadogene Nolparvovec Gene Therapy, Robert C Sergott, Valerio Carelli, Nancy Newman, Valérie Biousse, Patrick Yu-Wai-Man, Catherine Vignal-Clermont, Constant Josse, Magali Taiel, José-Alain Sahel, Piero Barboni

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

PURPOSE: This exploratory analysis aimed to identify predictive factors of final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) harboring the m.11778G>A mutation who received lenadogene nolparvovec gene therapy.

METHODS: The following covariates were individually evaluated as possible factors associated with improved final BCVA: age, gender, timing of treatment, baseline BCVA value, and baseline optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters. Univariate analyses were performed from three phase 3 studies (RESCUE, REVERSE, and REFLECT), using BCVA at 1.5 years post-treatment as the dependent variable.

RESULTS: In 113 eyes treated at least 6 months after disease onset, the …

Systemic Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors In Common Ophthalmic Diseases: A Scoping Review From A Clinical Standpoint, Shahin Hallaj, Wesam S. Shalaby, Sapna Sinha, Jonathan S. Myers, Reza Razeghinejad

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This paper provides a detailed overview of systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and their application in managing ophthalmic conditions, including glaucoma, cystoid macular edema, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Despite their recognized clinical benefits, the potential for severe systemic adverse effects often discourages clinicians from prescribing these agents. By examining the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety profile, and clinical indications of systemic CAIs, this review highlights strategies to mitigate treatment challenges, particularly in patients with comorbidities and complex medical backgrounds.

RECENT FINDINGS: New insights into the diverse roles and distribution of carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes have expanded our understanding of …

Clearance Of Acute Bilateral Idiopathic Central Corneal Stromal Haze Likely Due To Topical Losartan, Karen Asfar, Jad F. Assaf, Jeremiah Gendy, Sadeer Hannush, Shady T. Awwad

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

To report the use of topical losartan as a potential treatment of acute bilateral central corneal stromal haze in a patient presenting with a syndrome resembling central toxic keratopathy (CTK).Patient and Clinical Findings:A 51-year-old man presented with clinically significant central corneal stromal haze bilaterally 6 days after a periorbital and facial contact dermatitis secondary to pesticide exposure. Uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA) were 20/80 and 20/70 in the right eye, and 20/200- and 20/150+ in the left eye, respectively. After unsuccessful treatment with topical antivirals, antibiotics and corticosteroids, the patient started off-label treatment with topical losartan …

Macular Thinning And Microvasculature Abnormalities In Children With Sickle Cell Disease: A Longitudinal Analysis, Sally S. Ong, Ann Nampomba, Sara Rahman, Loka Thangamathesvaran, Grace Reilly, Jianqiao Ma, Jay Vaidya, Sophie Lanzkron, Adrienne W. Scott

Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research

PURPOSE: To assess longitudinal changes in retinal thickness and vessel density (VD) in pediatric sickle cell disease (SCD).

DESIGN: A prospective cohort study.

PARTICIPANTS: Children (< 18 years old) with HbSS and HbS variant (HbSC and HbS thalassemia) genotypes were enrolled from a university-based retina subspecialty clinic from 2017 to 2019 and followed for ≥2 years.

METHODS: Participants received 3 × 3 and 6 × 6 mm OCT and OCT angiography scans at baseline and at each follow-up visit.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Retinal thickness, superficial capillary plexus (SCP), and deep capillary plexus (DCP) VD were compared over time.

RESULTS: Children with HbSS (n = 14) and HbS variant (n = 14) genotypes with ≥1 follow-up were included in the study (total 56 eyes). For HbSS, rates of retinal thinning per …

Utility Of Cenegermin For The Management Of Neurotrophic Keratopathy After Penetrating Keratoplasty, Alexandra R. Zaloga, Ashley Khalili, Brandon D. Ayres, Brenton D. Finklea, Beeran B. Meghpara, Christopher J. Rapuano, Zeba A. Syed

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to report the outcomes of patients treated with cenegermin 0.002% for neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) following penetrating keratoplasty (PK).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective case series included patients evaluated at a tertiary care hospital who completed an 8-week course of cenegermin for NK within 12 months following PK. The primary outcome measure was NK stage, while secondary outcomes included complete epithelial healing, epithelial defect size, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at baseline and four time points during and following treatment. We also evaluated disease progression.

RESULTS: Fourteen eyes of 14 patients were included and demonstrated significant improvement …

Evidence And Consensus-Based Imaging Guidelines In Birdshot Chorioretinopathy: Multimodal Imaging In Uveitis (Muv) Taskforce Report 8, Jose S. Pulido

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

PURPOSE: To develop consensus-based imaging guidelines for diagnosing and monitoring birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR).

DESIGN: Consensus-based approach guided by literature and an expert committee using a nominal group technique (NGT).

METHODS: An expert committee of 5 international uveitis specialists reviewed 15 well-documented representative BSCR cases with comprehensive imaging data. Cases with active and inactive disease were included. Imaging, including color fundus photography (CFP), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), and OCT angiography (OCTA) were reviewed. Using a structured NGT approach, consensus-based recommendations were developed for specific disease characteristics, biomarkers of activity, and …

Infectious Endophthalmitis: An Overview Of Clinical Features, Microbiology Profile, And Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern, Seyed Ali Tabatabaei, Ahmad Masoumi, Arash Mirzaei, Reza Mirshahi, Bita Momenaei, Faezeh Moghimpour Bijani, Ali Rashidinia, Mohammadreza Nazari, Mohammad Ahadifard, Zahra Mahdizad, Samer Habeel, Seyed Mahbod Baharnoori, Mohammad Soleimani

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

PURPOSE: To describe the demographic characteristics, etiology, microbiological spectrum, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns in patients with endophthalmitis.

METHODS: This is a retrospective case series spanning from May 2012 to September 2018. All included patients were diagnosed with endophthalmitis and confirmed by laboratory tests. Data were collected on patient demographics, types of endophthalmitis, and microbiologic and medical records.

RESULTS: Nine hundred ninety-two records of patients with endophthalmitis were assessed. Of the total cases, 657 patients (66.2%) were male, whereas 335 (33.8%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 57.2 ± 22.8 years and ranged from 2 to 95 years. …

Long-Term Non-Conditional And Conditional Metastasis Of Uveal Melanoma By Tumor Size Category In 8034 Patients, Rolika Bansal, Hidayet Sener, Jerry A. Shields, Carol L. Shields

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

PURPOSE: To estimate metastasis of patients with uveal melanoma (UM) based on tumor size categories classified by ultrasonographic thickness as small (0.0-3.0 mm), medium (3.1-8.0 mm), or large (≥8.1 mm) using both non-conditional and conditional analyses.

DESIGN: Retrospective analysis.

METHODS: A retrospective study of 8034 cases over 35-years at a single ocular oncology referral center evaluated the primary endpoint of cumulative incidence of metastasis at 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, 25- and 30-years using non-conditional and conditional analysis at 3-years, 5-years, and 10-years of metastasis-free survival.

RESULTS: The mean thicknesses for small, medium, and large UMs were 2.5 mm, 5.0 mm, …

Optimal Diagnostic Strategies For Concussion-Related Vision Disorders: A Review, Iniya K. Adhan, Kammi B. Gunton

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

Concussions are a mild form of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that is typically self-limited and transient with a high prevalence within our communities. Due to the vast visual network interconnectivity, visual symptoms secondary to a concussion occur about 90% of the time. A gold standard to confirm concussion acutely has not been well established. Visual function testing based on symptoms remains the standard of care in off-site evaluation for diagnosis of oculomotor dysfunction. This review covers the current diagnostic strategies for vision based disorders post-concussion for sideline testing, off-site testing, and research driven testing.

Latin American Prevalence Of Glaucoma: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Denisse J Mora-Paez, Jaime Guedes, Dillan Cunha Amaral, Marcelo Alves Ferreira, Bruno Fernandes, Sacha Pereira, Bruno Botton, Alisha Desai, Helena Messinger Pakter, Fabio Lavinsky, Adroaldo Alencar Costa Filho

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of all types of glaucoma in Latin America (LATAM) and evaluate potential demographic associations. This study followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024506330). A comprehensive search of PubMed, SciELO, and Web of Science was conducted to identify population-based or cross-sectional studies reporting glaucoma prevalence in LATAM. Studies were categorized into two groups: Group 1 included general population studies without selection based on visual acuity (VA), and Group 2 included studies limited to individuals with VA < 20/60. Data from five studies in Group 1 (25,288 individuals) and eight studies in Group 2 (29,882 individuals) were analyzed using R software. The pooled prevalence of glaucoma was 4% (95% CI: 1–3%) in Group 1 and 1% (95% CI: 0–1%) in Group 2. No statistically significant associations were found between glaucoma prevalence and sex (p = 0.08) or age (p = 0.5669). Although our findings …