Eye Diseases Commons^™

Is There Evidence For Changes In Antibiotic Resistance Of Microorganisms Causing Postcataract Surgery Endophthalmitis: A Systematic Review, Christina J Flaxel, Justine R Smith, Nieraj Jain, Leo A Kim, Stephen Jae Kim, Maureen G Maguire, Christina Y Weng, Steven Yeh

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background/aims: To review the evidence for changes in antibiotic resistance patterns before and after cataract surgery since the advent of routine use of intracameral (IC) antibiotic prophylaxis and development of newer topical fluoroquinolones pre- and postcataract surgery.

Methods: Literature searches in the National Library of Medicine PubMed database were conducted between 2019 and 2021 and updated in 2024. There were no date restrictions, and the search was limited to high-quality studies published in English. The initial combined searches yielded 583 articles, and the search update in 2024 yielded 9 articles. Of these 592 articles, 26 presented original research that met …

Structural Updates To The Implant And Refill Needle Of The Port Delivery Platform, Dante J. Pieramici, Peter A. Campochiaro, Margaret Chang, Ian Pearce, Carl D. Regillo, Shamika Gune, Nancy Holekamp, Carlos Quezada-Ruiz, Shrirang V. Ranade, Natasha Singh, Geoffrey Wise, Joshua Horvath

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to report the impact of component-level changes and manufacturing process improvements on septum durability in the ocular implant of the Port Delivery Platform (PD-P), more commonly known as the Port Delivery System with ranibizumab (PDS) with its current formulation.

METHODS: Laboratory tests were conducted to determine (1) the bond strength of the septum to the overmold, (2) the amount of force utilized for the refill needle to puncture the septum, and (3) septum durability over 50 years. To simulate multiple refill-exchanges over long-term clinical use, implants were aged at elevated temperature in saline …

Postoperative Intraocular Lens Tilt From Preoperative Full Crystalline Lens Geometry Using Machine Learning, Eduardo Martinez-Enriquez, Gonzalo Velarde-Rodríguez, Nicolás Alejandre-Alba, Derick Ansah, Sindhu Kishore, Álvaro De La Peña, Ramya Natarajan, Pravin Vaddavalli, Yue Zhao, Joseph O Okudolo, Dylan B Mcbee, Ugur Celik, Mujdat Cetin, Jen-Li Dong, Yuli Lim, Li Wang, Douglas Donald Koch, Scott Macrae, Susana Marcos

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

In cataract surgery, the opacified crystalline lens is replaced by an artificial intraocular lens (IOL), requiring precise preoperative selection of parameters to optimize postoperative visual quality. Three-dimensional customized eye models, which can be constructed using quantitative data from anterior segment optical coherence tomography, provide a robust platform for virtual surgery. These models enable simulations and predictions of the optical outcomes for specific patients and selected IOLs. A critical step in building these models is estimating the IOL's tilt and position preoperatively based on the available preoperative geometrical information (ocular parameters). In this study, we present a machine learning model that, …

Endothelial Micu1 Protects Against Vascular Inflammation And Atherosclerosis By Inhibiting Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake, Lu Sun, Ruixue Leng, Monan Liu, Meiming Su, Qingze He, Zhidan Zhang, Zhenghong Liu, Zhihua Wang, Hui Jiang, Li Wang, Shuai Guo, Yiming Xu, Yuqing Huo, Clint L Miller, Maciej Banach, Yu Huang, Paul C Evans, Jaroslav Pelisek, Giovanni G Camici, Bradford C Berk, Stefan Offermanns, Junbo Ge, Suowen Xu, Jianping Weng

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Mitochondrial dysfunction fuels vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 (MICU1) maintains mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis. However, the role of MICU1 in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis remains unknown. Here, we report that endothelial MICU1 prevents vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. We observed that vascular inflammation was aggravated in endothelial cell–specific Micu1 knockout mice (Micu1ECKO) and attenuated in endothelial cell–specific Micu1 transgenic mice (Micu1ECTg). Furthermore, hypercholesterolemic Micu1ECKO mice also showed accelerated development of atherosclerosis, while Micu1ECTg mice were protected against atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, MICU1 depletion increased mitochondrial Ca2+ influx, thereby decreasing the expression …

Disease Activity Criteria Impact Dosing Interval Assignment In Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Trials, Marco A Zarbin, Christina Y Weng, Nikolas J S London, Adrian Hock Chuan Koh, Roberto Gallego-Pinazo, Varun Chaudhary, Audrey Souverain, Ivaylo Stoilov, Philippe Margaron

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Associations Of Long-Term Exposure To Temperature With Coronary Artery Calcification Risk Among Middle-Aged Adults: The Coronary Artery Risk Development In Young Adults (Cardia) Study, Dandan Zhao, Jie Yao, Yuanfei Li, David R Jacobs, Yinan Zheng, Chunyu Liu, Yingbin Fu, Margaret M Deangelis, Donald Lloyd-Jones, Lifang Hou, Kai Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The impact of ambient temperature on population health has drawn increasing attention as climate change drives more extreme temperatures globally. However, little research has investigated its connection to subclinical cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to examine the impact of long-term exposure to temperature on coronary artery calcification (CAC) among middle-aged Black and White adults in four U.S. areas with varying climate and weather conditions.

METHODS: This study compiled long-term environmental temperature data and individual coronary artery Agatston score (0 vs. >0) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. It employed logistic regression and examined the influences …

Semaglutide And Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy, Cindy X Cai, Michelle Hribar, Sally Baxter, Kerry Goetz, Swarup S Swaminathan, Alexis Flowers, Eric N Brown, Brian Toy, Benjamin Xu, John Chen, Aiyin Chen, Sophia Wang, Cecilia Lee, Theodore Leng, Joshua R Ehrlich, Andrew Barkmeier, Karen R Armbrust, Michael V Boland, David Dorr, Danielle Boyce, Thamir Alshammari, Joel Swerdel, Marc A Suchard, Martijn Schuemie, Fan Bu, Anthony G Sena, George Hripcsak, Akihiko Nishimura, Paul Nagy, Thomas Falconer, Scott L Duvall, Michael Matheny, Benjamin Viernes, William O'Brien, Linying Zhang, Benjamin Martin, Erik Westlund, Nestoras Mathioudakis, Ruochong Fan, Adam Wilcox, Albert Lai, Jacqueline C Stocking, Sahar Takkouche, Lok Hin Lee, Yangyiran Xie, Izabelle Humes, David B Mccoy, Mohammad Adibuzzaman, Raymond G Areaux, William Rojas-Carabali, James Brash, David A Lee, Nicole G Weiskopf, Louise Mawn, Rupesh Agrawal, Hannah Morgan-Cooper, Priya Desai, Patrick B Ryan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Importance

Semaglutide, a glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), has recently been implicated in cases of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), raising safety concerns in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objective

To investigate the potential association between semaglutide and NAION in the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) network.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a retrospective study across 14 databases (6 administrative claims and 8 electronic health records). Included were adults with T2D taking semaglutide, other GLP-1RA (dulaglutide, exenatide), or non–GLP-1RA medications (empagliflozin, sitagliptin, glipizide) from December 1, 2017, to December 31, 2023. The incidence proportion …

Implementation Of Electronic Triggers To Identify Diagnostic Errors In Emergency Departments, Viralkumar Vaghani, Ashish Gupta, Usman Mir, Li Wei, Daniel R Murphy, Umair Mushtaq, Dean F Sittig, Andrew J Zimolzak, Hardeep Singh

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Importance: Missed diagnosis can lead to preventable patient harm.

Objective: To develop and implement a portfolio of electronic triggers (e-triggers) and examine their performance for identifying missed opportunities in diagnosis (MODs) in emergency departments (EDs).

Design, setting, and participants: In this retrospective medical record review study of ED visits at 1321 Veterans Affairs health care sites, rules-based e-triggers were developed and implemented using a national electronic health record repository. These e-triggers targeted 6 high-risk presentations for MODs in treat-and-release ED visits. A high-risk stroke e-trigger was applied to treat-and-release ED visits from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020. A …

Five-Year Outcomes Of Lenadogene Nolparvovec Gene Therapy In Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy, Patrick Yu-Wai-Man, Nancy Newman, Valérie Biousse, Valerio Carelli, Mark Moster, Catherine Vignal-Clermont, Thomas Klopstock, Alfredo Sadun, Robert C Sergott, Rabih Hage, Simona Degli Esposti, Chiara La Morgia, Claudia Priglinger, Rustum Karanja, Magali Taiel, José-Alain Sahel

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

IMPORTANCE: Limited studies have assessed the long-term benefit/risk of gene therapy for Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).

OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of lenadogene nolparvovec in patients with LHON due to the MT-ND4 gene variant for up to 5 years after administration.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The RESCUE and REVERSE Long-Term Follow-up Study (RESTORE), conducted from 2018 to 2022, is the 5-year follow-up study of the 2 phase 3 clinical studies RESCUE (Efficacy Study of Lenadogene Nolparvovec for the Treatment of Vision Loss Up to 6 Months From Onset in LHON Due to the MT-ND4 Mutation) and REVERSE …

Superotemporal Predisposition To Traumatic Subretinal Fibrosis In Stargardt Disease: A Case Report, Jaime Nassur, Jose Pulido, Jose Pulido, Alaa Ghoneim, Anton Orlin, Richard Kaiser, Saif Hamdan

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

PURPOSE: Subretinal fibrosis has been reported as a presumed late sequela of orbital trauma in those with Stargardt disease (STGD). This case report highlights the sequential pathologic changes in response to trauma utilizing multimodal imaging.

OBSERVATIONS: An asymptomatic 19-year-old female with no significant ocular history presented for possible drusen. Initial imaging noted yellow-white pisciform perifoveal flecks in both eyes with corresponding hyper-and hypo-fluorescent lesions on fundus autofluorescence and hyperreflective deposits on near-infrared and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). A few months later, the patient presented with a new onset "black shadow" in the right eye after a traumatic periorbital injury, …

Expansion Of Genotypic And Phenotypic Findings In Adamts18-Related Ocular Pathology, Ari August, Rebecca Procopio, Christopher Rapuano, Jose Pulido

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

Purpose: ADAMTS18-related ocular pathology is rare with few described cases. Features include distinctive facies, refractive error, anterior segment dysgenesis, and retinal dystrophy. Previous patients were found to have ho- mozygous variants in ADAMTS18. Here, we present a patient with compound heterozygous ADAMTS18-related pathology and its associated findings. Observations: A 37-year-old male with a history of bilateral congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, dry eye syndrome, mild myopia, and accommodative esotropia presented to the Retina Service. He was found to have multiple features of anterior segment dysgenesis and retinal dystrophy, some of which have not been previously reported in association with ADAMTS18 variants. …

Htr1b Is Necessary For Normal Retinal Function In Mice, Solomon E Gibson, Xiaofeng Tao, Guofu Shen, Justin Ma, Yong H Park, Maria Polo-Prieto, Benjamin J Frankfort

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: Serotonin (5-HT) is a neurotransmitter that is involved in retinal development, physiology, and vision, yet the specific contribution of individual 5-HT receptors to retinal function is poorly characterized. We identified 5-HT receptor 1B (Htr1b) as a potential key regulator of serotonergic signaling in the retina.

Methods: Htr1b localization was examined using RNAseq and in situ labeling. Retinal structure was assessed using histology and SD-OCT. Visual function was evaluated using optomotor behavioral experiments. Retinal function was characterized in vivo using electroretinography (ERG) and ex vivo using multielectrode array (MEA) recordings.

Results: Htr1b transcript and HTR1B protein localized primarily …

The Demodex Expert Panel On Treatment And Eyelid Health (Depth) Consensus Regarding The Preferred Treatment For Demodex Blepharitis, Eric Donnenfeld, Kelly K Nichols, Brandon D Ayres, Marjan Farid, Preeya K Gupta, Richard Lyndon Lindstrom, Stephen Pflugfelder, Christopher E Starr, Nandini Venkateswaran, Ian Benjamin Gaddie, Paul M Karpecki, Cecelia Koetting, Selina Mcgee, Laura M Periman, Elizabeth Yeu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Purpose: To reach consensus on Demodex blepharitis (DB) treatment approaches using a modified Delphi process involving 15 ocular surface disease experts.

Methods: The Demodex Expert Panel on Treatment and Eyelid Health (DEPTH) consisted of 15 well-published ocular surface disease experts. Panelists completed two online surveys, a live consensus meeting, and a follow-up survey. The surveys consisted of scaled and multiple-choice questions related to the clinical and patient-reported outcomes of DB and its treatment. For the scaled questions using a 1 to 9 Likert scale, consensus was defined as weighted mean scores of 1-3 and 7-9, whereas for multiple-choice questions, consensus …

On The Nose: Nasal Neurostimulation As A Technology Countermeasure For Sinonasal Congestion In Astronauts, Timon Ax, Philipp H Zimmermann, Tomas L Bothe, Karen Barchetti, Cintia S De Paiva, Francesc March De Ribot, Slade O Jensen, Thomas J Millar

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Human spaceflight subjects the body to numerous and unique challenges. Astronauts frequently report a sense of sinonasal congestion upon entering microgravity for which the exact pathomechanisms are unknown. However, cephalad fluid shift seems to be its primary cause, with CO2 levels and environmental irritants playing ancillary roles. Current management focuses on pharmacotherapy comprising oral and nasal decongestants and antihistamines. These are among the most commonly used treatments in astronauts. With longer and more distant space missions on the horizon, there is a need for efficacious and payload-sparing non-pharmacological interventions. Neurostimulation is a promising countermeasure technology for many ailments on Earth. …

Intraocular Lens Power Calculation In Challenging Cases, Jack X Ma, Li Wang, Douglas D Koch

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

In this article, we reviewed recently published papers of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in special eyes. In short eyes, accurate estimation of effective lens position is critical, and the ZEISS artificial intelligence IOL calculator produces the best outcomes. In long eyes, accuracy has been improved with axial length (AL) adjusted formulas such as the Wang-Koch AL adjustment and newer IOL formulas. In keratoconic eyes, hyperopic refractive outcomes increase with steeper keratometric values, and accuracy is poor in eyes with keratometric values ≥50.0 D. Two keratoconus-specific formulas (Barrett True K for keratoconus and Kane keratoconus) have been introduced. In eyes …

A Natural Small Molecule Isoginkgetin Alleviates Hypercholesterolemia And Atherosclerosis By Targeting Acly, Zhidan Zhang, Meijie Chen, Yitong Xu, Zhihua Wang, Zhenghong Liu, Chenyang He, Fanshun Zhang, Xiaojun Feng, Xiayun Ni, Yuanli Chen, Jixia Wang, Xinmiao Liang, Zhifu Xie, Jingya Li, Maciej Banach, Jaroslav Pelisek, Yuqing Huo, Yunhui Hu, Paul C Evans, Li Wang, Xiao-Yu Tian, Jianbo Xiao, Yuhua Shang, Yijun Zheng, Xunde Xian, Jianping Weng, Suowen Xu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Rationale: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) represents the predominant cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Given the established role of hypercholesterolemia as a significant risk factor for ASCVD, the discovery of new lipid-lowering medications is of paramount importance. ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) is a crucial enzyme in cellular metabolism, providing acetyl-CoA as the building block for the biosynthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol. Consequently, it has emerged as a promising drug target for innovative treatments of lipid metabolic disorders.

Methods: Virtual screening of a natural product library was performed to identify small-molecule ACLY inhibitors, leading to the discovery of isoginkgetin (ISOGK). …

Tools And Methods For Cataract Recognition In Low-Resource Settings: A Narrative Review, Paulina N Truong, Elizabeth A Merlinsky, Nicholas C Maamari, Christina Y Weng, Andrew G Lee

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Cataracts are a leading cause of global blindness, with many low-resource populations having poor access to eye care. While much is known regarding surgical access and outcomes, less is understood about the initial detection of operable cataracts in low-resource settings. We performed a comprehensive literature review on existing and emerging cataract screening methods in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The search keywords were "cataract detection, diagnosis, assessment, and evaluation in low- and middle- income countries". 1,825 articles were identified and 62 were selected for final inclusion comprising reviews, meta-analyses, and original research studies. Only 12 studies proposed new cataract screening …

Decline In Us-China Science: Can Ophthalmology Remain Collaborative?, Kevin Y Huang, Parth A Patel, Austin Huang, Allen C Ho, Jost B Jonas, Xiaodong Sun, Youxin Chen, Yingfeng Zheng, Yih-Chung Tham, Christina Y Weng, Tien Yin Wong

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Genetic Newborn Screening For Retinoblastoma: A Belgian Initiative Baby Detect, Daniel A Rodriguez, Alex Song, Anshul Bhatnagar, Christina Y Weng

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Baby Detect Project, started in September 2022, aimed to create a newborn screening test using targeted next-generation sequencing for all early-onset, treatable, and serious conditions. The elaborated gene panel covers 405 genes, associated with 165 genetic conditions, and includes RB1, linked to retinoblastoma, the only oncological disease tested for. Germline RB1 mutations concern around 50% of all retinoblastoma cases and 100% of the most severe, bilateral cases. Ninety percent of them occur de novo, which delays the diagnosis by about a year with subsequent loss of vision and sometimes the eye itself. Detecting children with germline RB1 mutation at …

Extrusion Rates And Postoperative Emergency Visits In Tied And Untied Bicanalicular Silicone Stents In Pediatric Lacrimal Surgery, Taimur Siddiqui, Sarah M Kamal, Katherine J Williams, Jiwei Sheng, Richard C Allen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Purpose: The purpose is to compare rates of stent extrusion and emergency visits in tied and untied Crawford stents for pediatric lacrimal surgery.

Methods: This retrospective chart review included 166 eyes of 129 patients from 2018 to 2022. Data collected included tied/untied status, premature prolapse, retention, and time of removal, number of postoperative visits, emergent visits before scheduled follow-up, final follow-up, and surgical success.

Results: Of 166 eyes, 97 received tied stents and 69 received untied stents. Success rates, defined by need for additional surgery and symptoms, were similar between groups. However, untied stents prolapsed more often (P < 0.05) but led to fewer total follow-up visits (P …