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Articles 1 - 30 of 54
Full-Text Articles in Cardiovascular Diseases
Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation Prevention: A Quality Improvement Project, Emily O. Schneiderman
Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation Prevention: A Quality Improvement Project, Emily O. Schneiderman
Doctors of Nursing Practice (DNP) Final Projects, 2020-current
Postoperative atrial fibrillation remains one of the most common complications after cardiac surgery despite surgical and medical advances in the field. While generally transient, postoperative atrial fibrillation increases long-term morbidity and mortality, hospital length of stay, and financial obligation. The postoperative heart's unique chemical and physical properties make tactics for preventing and treating postoperative atrial fibrillation differ from classic atrial fibrillation management. This quality improvement project utilizes a care bundle for non-pharmacologic measures and early beta-blockade administration to reduce the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation. Implementation of this care bundle establishes a standard of care, increases clinician knowledge and accountability, …
Noninvasive Quantification Of Tissue Sodium Concentration In The Kidney Disease Spectrum Using 23na Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fabio R. Salerno
Noninvasive Quantification Of Tissue Sodium Concentration In The Kidney Disease Spectrum Using 23na Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fabio R. Salerno
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially when requiring kidney replacement therapy (hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD)), is associated with extracellular water expansion with increased total body sodium. Sodium can also be accumulated in tissues independently of extracellular water. Sodium-23 magnetic resonance imaging (23Na MRI) can quantify the concentration of sodium nuclei in tissues. Applied to the human leg, quantification of tissue sodium concentrations mainly at the skin and muscle level is possible. We hypothesized that increased tissue sodium concentrations exert toxic effects in CKD and dialysis. We aimed to (1) compare tissue sodium concentrations in adults, children and …
Patient Care Management Of Hypertension Through Improving Follow-Up And Reducing Missed Appointments In A Primary Care Clinic: A Qi Project, Victoria Idubor
Patient Care Management Of Hypertension Through Improving Follow-Up And Reducing Missed Appointments In A Primary Care Clinic: A Qi Project, Victoria Idubor
Doctor of Nursing Practice
Background. Missed follow-up appointments constitute significant problems clinics and health centers face nationwide. A significant portion of primary care providers’ patients will require follow-up appointments to manage their chronic illnesses. About 20 to 40% of patients seen at this clinic have a history of hypertension. Uncontrolled hypertension has been shown to increase the risk of certain cardiovascular disease events and mortality. Follow-up appointments are crucial for patients with hypertension to monitor for more life-threatening signs and manage their overall care. Purpose. The purpose of this project is to improve the timely management of care for patients with hypertension …
A Study Of Heart Disease Diagnosis Using Machine Learning And Data Mining, Intisar Ahmed
A Study Of Heart Disease Diagnosis Using Machine Learning And Data Mining, Intisar Ahmed
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
Heart disease is the leading cause of death for people around the world today. Diagnosis for various forms of heart disease can be detected with numerous medical tests, however, predicting heart disease without such tests is very difficult. Machine learning can help process medical big data and provide hidden knowledge which otherwise would not be possible with the naked eye. The aim of this project is to explore how machine learning algorithms can be used in predicting heart disease by building an optimized model. The research questions are; 1) What Machine learning algorithms are used in the diagnosis of heart …
Ankyrin Dependent Mitochondrial Function And Bioenergetics In The Heart, Janani Subramaniam, Janani Subramaniam
Ankyrin Dependent Mitochondrial Function And Bioenergetics In The Heart, Janani Subramaniam, Janani Subramaniam
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
ANK2 mutations in patients are associated with numerous arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies, and other heart defects. In the heart, AnkB, the protein encoded by ANK2, clusters relevant ion channels and cell adhesion molecules in several important domains; however, its role at Mitochondria Associated ER/SR Membranes (MAMs) has yet to be investigated. MAMs are crucial to mitochondrial function and metabolism and are signaling hubs implicated in various cardiac pathologies. Among several functions, these sites mediate the direct transfer of calcium from the ER/SR to the mitochondria to modulate ATP synthesis. Given that mitochondrial function and energy production are paramount to cardiovascular heath, …
Weekly Telehealth Weigh-In For Bmi Reduction, Kelly Ahmad
Weekly Telehealth Weigh-In For Bmi Reduction, Kelly Ahmad
Student Scholarly Projects
Practice Problem: The citizens of the United States are known for being overweight or obese. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2021) reported that approximately 74% of adults are either overweight or obese. PICOT: The PICOT question that guided this project was In overweight adults (P), does telemonitoring weekly for counseling and weigh-in (I) compared to current practice (C) decrease BMI over an 8-week period of time (T)? Evidence: The citizens of the United States are known for being overweight or obese. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2021) reported that approximately 74% of …
The Impact Of Volatile Organic Compound Exposure On Subclinical Biomarkers Of Cardiovascular Injury., Breandon Taylor
The Impact Of Volatile Organic Compound Exposure On Subclinical Biomarkers Of Cardiovascular Injury., Breandon Taylor
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Pollution has been identified as the leading environmental cause of non-communicable disease and premature deaths globally. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are gaseous chemical constituents of pollution derived from a variety of sources, including industrial solvents and byproducts, automobile exhaust, tobacco smoke, cleaning supplies, and personal care products. VOCs are also abundant at various Superfund and Hazardous Waste Sites. Emerging data suggest that VOC exposure is associated with several adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). VOCs and their metabolites can potentially damage the endothelial lining of blood vessels, resulting in perturbed vascular function and vascular inflammation. We hypothesize that VOC …
Childhood And Adolescent Obesity: Related Comorbidities And Interventions, Jasmine Wong
Childhood And Adolescent Obesity: Related Comorbidities And Interventions, Jasmine Wong
Nursing | Senior Theses
Background
The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity in the United States has steadily risen over the years and has become a public health concern. Obesity is defined as a BMI at or above the 95th percentile for children and teens of the same age and sex. Obese children and adolescents are at risk for poor health and poor quality of life. Furthermore, there are numerous comorbidities associated with childhood and adolescent obesity. While some of the associated diseases are acute, others can become chronic and result in lifelong conditions.
Objective
The purpose of the present thesis is to explore …
Exploration Of The Pathophysiological Mechanisms Underlying Hemodialysis Associated Cardiac Ischemic Injury, Lisa Yun Jeong Hur
Exploration Of The Pathophysiological Mechanisms Underlying Hemodialysis Associated Cardiac Ischemic Injury, Lisa Yun Jeong Hur
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Hemodialysis (HD) provides life-saving treatment in individuals with kidney failure. However, HD is associated with poor quality of life and extremely high mortality rates mainly caused by cardiovascular disease due to heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Standard pharmacological treatment developed within the non-kidney disease community are largely ineffective in HD patients because of the difference in pathophysiology of cardiovascular mortality. HD treatment causes hypotension and recurrent ischemic injury to multiple vascular beds including the heart, leading to heart failure. These injuries can be abrogated by improving the patient’s tolerability of the treatment. To apply interventions that may improve hemodynamic …
The Role Of Telehealth In Reducing Hospital Readmissions For Heart Failure Patients, Tommy Lee Bratcher
The Role Of Telehealth In Reducing Hospital Readmissions For Heart Failure Patients, Tommy Lee Bratcher
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Capstones
Heart failure affects over six million people annually, and is expected to increase to over eight million by 2030. Over 60 million people live in the rural United States. Telehealth is a tool to improve access to care, provide early intervention, and follow up with patients within 48 hours of a hospital discharge. Utilizing Telehealth to conduct a medication reconciliation within 48 hours of discharge to address any medication errors or admission, and reinforce adherence is a way to improve access to care to those living in rural areas.
Technical Adaptations For Cardiac Sodium Mri, Taylor L. Marcus
Technical Adaptations For Cardiac Sodium Mri, Taylor L. Marcus
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Cardiac sodium (Na+) MRI has the potential to unveil relationships between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Unfortunately, this modality requires many technical adaptations before it’s possible to extract and compare image data between individuals. This study investigated whether cardiac electrocardiogram (ECG) gating could improve image quality, and whether a uniform phantom could increase signal uniformity if a surface coil is used to acquire the image. Healthy participants were imaged with a custom-built surface coil and 3.0-T MR system. Cardiac gated images presented with a decreased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), but intensity correction significantly increased image signal …
Heart Failure, Molly Davis
Heart Failure, Molly Davis
Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)
Heart Failure is defined as the pathophysiologic condition in which the heart is unable to generate an adequate cardiac output such that perfusion of tissues or increased diastolic filling pressure of the left ventricle, or both occurs (Huether & McCance, 2019).
Understanding Intelligent Non-Adherence By Measuring The Differences In Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, And Behaviors Of Self-Care In Heart Failure Patients, Marco Mimbela
Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)
Background and Purpose of the Study: Research shows that six in ten U.S. adults have a chronic disease and four in ten have two or more (CDC, 2018). Of all chronic diseases, heart failure is the leading cause of hospitalization and mortality in the U.S. (Kilgore, Patel, Kielhorn, Maya, & Sharma, 2017). Luckily, this condition can be managed through various self-care practices. Although healthcare providers are educating their patients on these self-care practices, patients are making a conscious decision to non-adhere. This phenomenon is known as intelligent non-adherence and is mostly affected by an individual’s level of knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, …
Feasibility And Clinical Value Of 3-Dimensional Myocardial Deformation Analysis By Computed Tomography In Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Patients, Mohamad Rabbani
Feasibility And Clinical Value Of 3-Dimensional Myocardial Deformation Analysis By Computed Tomography In Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Patients, Mohamad Rabbani
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Purpose: Multi-phase computed tomography angiography (CTA) for the pre-procedural planning of TAVR presents a unique opportunity to assess 3D myocardial biomechanics. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and predictive utility of 3D myocardial deformation analysis (3D-MDA) based principal strain to predict heart failure or death following TAVR using pre-procedural, multi-phase computed tomography angiography (CTA) datasets.
Methods: Two hundred and five patients undergoing pre-TAVR multi-phase gated CTA followed by successful TAVR were retrospectively identified. Whole heart 3D mesh chamber models were generated followed by 3D-MDA of the left ventricle (LV) to determine global LV minimum principal strain (minPS) for endocardial, …
Stromal Vascular Fraction Restores Vasodilatory Function By Reversing Mitochondrial Dysfunction And Oxidative Stress In Aging-Induced Coronary Microvascular Disease., Evan Paul Tracy
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background: Coronary Microvascular Disease (CMD) presents in aging post-menopausal women with chronic angina due to microvascular hyperconstriction. The objective was to identify mechanisms of adipose stromal vascular fraction’s (SVF) restorative effects on vasodilation. We hypothesize aging-induced CMD is caused by a) abrogated flow-mediated dilation (FMD) due to loss of nitric oxide signaling and b) ROS-dependent βADR desensitization & internalization, reversible by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress with SVF. Methods: Coronary microvessels were isolated from female rats either young, old, or old with SVF tail-vein injection (OSVF). Pressure myography, RNA-sequencing, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and morphological analysis were performed to …
Inflammatory Response Following Hemorrhagic Stroke: The Role Of Cytokines, Patrick Devlin
Inflammatory Response Following Hemorrhagic Stroke: The Role Of Cytokines, Patrick Devlin
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Hemorrhagic stroke is a dangerous form of stroke resulting from the rupturing of weakened blood vessels, releasing blood that increases intracranial pressure and causes the death of surrounding tissue. Treatment options are improving but remain limited, as evidenced by this condition being characterized by high rates of mortality as well as long-term morbidity. Unregulated inflammatory responses that occur following injury may be partially to blame for these poor outcomes. In response to any injury, the immune system releases cytokines to recruit immune cell activation and promote inflammation. But after hemorrhagic stroke, whether aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), …
Project Ankle-Brachial Index: Implementation Of An Evidence-Based Peripheral Artery Disease Protocol, Melaney Banks
Project Ankle-Brachial Index: Implementation Of An Evidence-Based Peripheral Artery Disease Protocol, Melaney Banks
Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects
Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a narrowing or blocking of the arteries due to plaque buildup, which prevents oxygen, blood, and other nutrients from getting to the legs. When this buildup reaches a certain point, it becomes atherosclerosis, which is more prevalent in a smoker. Smoking intensifies the problem of plaque buildup if an individual already suffers from PAD. When an individual smokes, the nicotine causes the arteries to constrict and narrow, reducing blood flow further. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a simple, cost-effective diagnostic test to identify the presence of PAD which will improve patient outcomes.
Purpose: This …
Pathophysiology Of Aortic Stenosis, Melissa Lee
Pathophysiology Of Aortic Stenosis, Melissa Lee
Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)
Pathophysiology of Aortic Stenosis
Melissa J. Lee
Department of Nursing, Otterbein University
NURS 6810: Advanced Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice Nurse
Dr. Deana Batross & Dr. Shivani Bhatnagar
July 29, 2022
Pathophysiology of Aortic Stenosis
Proper evaluation of co-morbidities is imperative for patient safety and successful outcomes for patients undergoing anesthesia. Aortic stenosis (AS) is one of the most complex diseases encountered in anesthesia, affecting five percent of older adults and ten percent of the 80-89-year-old-cohort (Joseph et al., 2017). The pathophysiological development of AS is the end result of an inflammatory process caused by endothelial damage from mechanical stress, …
Perioperative Risks Of The Patient With Heart Failure, Gabrielle Metoyer
Perioperative Risks Of The Patient With Heart Failure, Gabrielle Metoyer
Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)
Perioperative Risks of the Patient with Heart Failure
Gabrielle Metoyer
Department of Nursing, Otterbein University
NURS 6810 – Advanced Pathophysiology
Dr. Deanna Batross and Dr. Shivani Bhatnagar
August 5, 2022
Abstract
According to the CDC (2020), heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood and oxygen to support other organs in your body. Heart failure is an epidemic disease affecting 1-2% of the population worldwide (Schwinger, 2020). It is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide with an estimated 6.5 million adults with heart failure in the United States (Lo et al., 2021). Medical advances …
Congestive Heart Failure, Ostap Dvorakevych
Congestive Heart Failure, Ostap Dvorakevych
Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)
Abstract
Ostap Dvorakevych
Department of Nursing, Otterbein University
NURS 6810 – Advanced Pathophysiology
Dr. Batross & Dr. Bhatnagar
July 29, 2022
Abstract
To provide the highest quality care, multidisciplinary clinical teams in critical care settings must understand the pathophysiology of the patient conditions they encounter. Congestive heart failure (CHF) is an example of such a condition. CHF is “an abnormality of the myocardial function responsible for failure of the heart to pump blood at a rate commensurate with the requirements of the metabolizing tissue...a condition in which the heart fails to maintain an output sufficient for the needs of the …
The Influence Of Demographic, Social, And Economic Factors On Referral For Heart Failure Services, Catherine Elaine Kelty
The Influence Of Demographic, Social, And Economic Factors On Referral For Heart Failure Services, Catherine Elaine Kelty
Dissertations
Patients with end-stage advanced heart failure must go through an extensive evaluation process before being selected for either heart transplantation or left ventricular assist device (LVAD). This evaluation not only assesses a patient’s medical need for advanced heart failure treatments but also includes an assessment of psychosocial and economic factors that may affect a patient’s success post-treatment. While it is important to allocate scarce resources, such as donated organs, to the patients who will benefit the most, there is also a need for equity in the allocation of and access to healthcare services. This raises the question of whether patients …
Utility Of The Motivation To Change Lifestyle And Health Behaviors For Dementia Risk Reduction Scale (Mclhb-Drr) Based On A North American Sample, Angelina E. Witbeck
Utility Of The Motivation To Change Lifestyle And Health Behaviors For Dementia Risk Reduction Scale (Mclhb-Drr) Based On A North American Sample, Angelina E. Witbeck
Dissertations
As the population ages, the prevalence rates of dementia continue to increase. Without a cure or promising treatment for dementia, the best course of lowering the prevalence rates of dementia is through preventative measures. Through an electronic survey, the study utilized the MCLHB-DRR scale to determine whether (1) gender, age, educational background, and socioeconomic status will impact the motivational factors to change lifestyle and health behaviors to reduce the risk of developing dementia and (2) direct experiences with individuals that have a dementia diagnosis are likely to impact one's motivational factors to change lifestyle and health behaviors to reduce the …
Primary Cilia Of The Cardiac Neural Crest & Hedgehog-Mediated Mechanisms Of Congenital Heart Disease, Lindsey A. Fitzsimons
Primary Cilia Of The Cardiac Neural Crest & Hedgehog-Mediated Mechanisms Of Congenital Heart Disease, Lindsey A. Fitzsimons
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Elimination of primary cilia in cardiac neural crest cell (CNCC) progenitors is hypothesized to cause a variety of congenital heart defects (CHDs), including atrioventricular septal defects, and malformations of the developing cardiac outflow tract. We present an in vivo model of CHD resulting from the conditional elimination of primary cilia from CNCC using multiple, Wnt1:Cre-loxP, neural crest-specific systems, targeting two distinctive, but critical, primary cilia structural genes: Intraflagellar transport protein 88 (Ift88) or kinesin family member 3A (Kif3a). CNCC loss of primary cilia leads to widespread CHD, where homozygous mutant embryos (MUT) display a variety of outflow tract malformations, septation …
The Impact Of Social Determinants Of Health On Hypertension, Lakenya Forthner
The Impact Of Social Determinants Of Health On Hypertension, Lakenya Forthner
Doctoral Projects
ABSTRACT
Nearly 43% of African American men have Hypertension (HTN). HTN is a major reversible health problem for young adult, African American males. Identifying health behaviors to enhance longevity is essential due to the “excess burden of preventable, chronic diseases and premature death among African American men. The “role of social determinants of health (SDOH) on outcomes, and the possible role these determinants play in disparities have largely been ignored” (Haggart, 2018, pp. 2, 8).
Interventions that address SDOH must take a multicomponent approach. Evidence has been established that adhering to a healthy lifestyle reduces the burdens and risks associated …
Building An Artificial Intelligence Framework For Hypertension Diagnosis: A Use Case Of The Problem List Curation, Ketemwabi Yves Shamavu
Building An Artificial Intelligence Framework For Hypertension Diagnosis: A Use Case Of The Problem List Curation, Ketemwabi Yves Shamavu
Theses & Dissertations
Hypertension is the world's leading factor in cardiovascular disease. Forty-seven percent or close to one in two Americans aged 18 and older are affected. It predicts approximately a thousand deaths per day. Based on recent statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, one in three patients with hypertension does not know they are hypertensive. Seventy-five percent of hypertensive patients have uncontrolled hypertension - meaning that they are not treated to target. While there is extensive literature on hypertension diagnosis and management, there is an apparent gap in understanding and acknowledging that a person is hypertensive. Moreover, blood pressure …
The Role Of Age Ligand And Rap1a In Myofibroblast Signaling Cascade In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Cardiomyopathic Conditions, Camilla Puglia
The Role Of Age Ligand And Rap1a In Myofibroblast Signaling Cascade In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Cardiomyopathic Conditions, Camilla Puglia
Honors Theses
Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death in the United States, taking more than 90,000 lives annually. Type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced cardiac fibrosis is a common condition seen in diabetic patients. The AGE/RAGE signaling cascade has been strongly associated with this supposed cardiac fibrosis along with hyperactive myofibroblasts which excessively remodel extracellular matrix tissue, leading to damaged and enlarged heart muscle tissue. In diabetic patients, Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) are produced in abundance and accumulate in the extracellular matrix of heart tissue. To investigate the role of of the AGE ligand on fibroblast behavior, increasing amounts of …
The Effect Of Age Concentration And Glucose Levels In Rage-Mediated Cardiac Fibroblast Migration In Type 2 Diabetes, Lorral Kanauss
The Effect Of Age Concentration And Glucose Levels In Rage-Mediated Cardiac Fibroblast Migration In Type 2 Diabetes, Lorral Kanauss
Honors Theses
Diabetes is one of the largest health concerns in the United States. Its continuous increase in prevalence has led to it being one of the largest healthcare costs and consistently listed as one of the leading causes of death. That being said, diabetes also increases the risk of other health conditions, one of which is cardiovascular disease. Left ventricle hypertrophy resulting in the stiffening of the left ventricle and diastolic dysfunction is one form of cardiovascular disease associated with diabetes. Thought to be impacted by decreased fibroblast migration in the extracellular matrix, the experiments performed in this study seek to …
Walking Is Worthy: Walking For Hypertension, Ashleigh Y. Peterson
Walking Is Worthy: Walking For Hypertension, Ashleigh Y. Peterson
Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports
Elevated blood pressure (BP), or hypertension (HTN), can cause a cascade of detrimental effects to the body. It is associated with increased risk of stroke, angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, end-stage renal disease, and abdominal aortic aneurysms (Whelton et al., 2018). HTN is also a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the United States’ (U.S.) leading cause of death in men and women (U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [USPSTF], 2020). The PICOT question for this project was: does an eight-week (T) structured walking program utilizing a smartwatch for step counts and …
Eat Well, Be Well: Basic Needs Initiative's Online Hub For Nutrition Education, Misha Moseley
Eat Well, Be Well: Basic Needs Initiative's Online Hub For Nutrition Education, Misha Moseley
Capstone Projects and Master's Theses
Basic Needs Initiative at California State University, Monterey Bay is a department that provides students with food, housing, and wellness resources. Over half of the university's students experience food insecurity, and over 85% use non-academic resources to learn about nutrition. This project adds a dietary health section to the department’s website to increase students’ access to nutrition education. It addresses the micro-level agency problem that too few students eat a healthy, balanced diet. Unhealthy eating is a risk factor for food insecurity, so the project indirectly addresses the macro-level health problem that too many college students in California experience food …
Recipe Modification For Cardiovascular Health, Meg Tolbert
Recipe Modification For Cardiovascular Health, Meg Tolbert
Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management Undergraduate Honors Theses
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally. CVDs affect the heart and blood vessels. The most prominent CVDs are coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic heart disease, and other conditions. More than four out of five CVD deaths are due to heart attacks and strokes.
The most important behavioral risk factors of heart disease and stroke are unhealthy diet and physical inactivity, but also include harmful abuse of tobacco and alcohol. These lifestyle factors display themselves as phenotypes like high blood pressure, high blood glucose and blood lipids, diabetes, and obesity. These risk factors, outside of genotype …