Cardiovascular Diseases Commons^™

Role Of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors In Readmissions For Congestive Heart Failure, Joseph Keryakos, Robert Kranz, Rachel Propst, Jena Rathert, Kelli Semerad

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Background: Patients with type II diabetes are at major risk for cardiovascular disease. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2 inhibitors) have demonstrated benefit for these patients. The purpose of this study is to determine whether SGLT-2 inhibitors significantly reduce heart failure readmission rates and improve outcomes in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).

Methods: Patient data was pulled on CHF patients with an active prescription for an SGLT-2 inhibitor, and it was analyzed using Fischer’s Exact tests and two-tailed t-tests. The primary outcome was a 6-month hospital readmission rate due to CHF while taking SGLT-2 inhibitors. Secondary outcomes included 6-month …

Investigating Rurality As A Risk Factor For State And Trait Hopelessness In Hospitalized Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease, Deb Bomgaars, Gwenneth A. Jensen, Lynn L. White, Kristin M. Vande Griend, Angela Kroeze Visser, Madison P. Goodyke, Anna Luong, Nathan L. Tintle, Susan L. Dunn

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Background

Rurality and hopelessness are each associated with increased mortality in adults with ischemic heart disease (IHD), yet there is no known research examining rurality as a risk factor for hopelessness in patients with IHD. This study evaluated rurality as a risk factor for state and trait hopelessness in adults hospitalized with IHD in samples drawn from the Great Lakes and Great Plains regions of the United States.

Methods and Results

A descriptive cross‐sectional design was used. Data were collected from 628 patients hospitalized for IHD in the Great Lakes (n=516) and Great Plains (n=112). Rural–Urban Commuting Area codes were …

Biomarkers Of Dietary Omega-6 Fatty Acids And Incident Cardiovascular Disease And Mortality: An Individual-Level Pooled Analysis Of 30 Cohort Studies, Matti Marklund, Jason H. Y. Wu, Fumiaki Imamura, Liana C. Del Gobbo, Amanda Fretts, Janette De Goede, Peilin Shi, Nathan L. Tintle, Maria Wennberg, Stella Aslibekyan, Tzu-An Chen, Marcia C. De Oliveira Otto, Yoichiro Hirakawa, Helle Højmark Eriksen, Janine Kroger, Federica Laguzzi, Maria Lankinen, Rachel A. Murphy, Kiesha Prem, Cecelia Samieri, Jyrki Virtanen, Alexis C. Wood, Kerry Wong, Wei-Sin Yang, Xia Zhou, Ana Baylin, Jolanda M. A. Boer, Ingeborg A. Brouwer, Hannia Campos, Paulo H. M. Chaves, Kuo-Liong Chien, Ulf De Faire, Luc Djousse, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Naglaa El-Abbadi, Nita G. Fouruhi, J. Michael Gaziano, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Bruna Gigante, Graham Giles, Eliseo Guallar, Vilmundur Gudnason, Tamara Harris, William S. Harris, Catherine Helmer, Mai-Lis Hellenius, Allison Hodge, Frank B. Hu, Paul F. Jacques, Jan-Hakan Jansson, Anya Kalsbeek, Kay-Tee Khaw, Woon-Puay Koh, Markku Laakso, Karin Leander, Hung-Ju Lin, Lars Lind, Robert Luben, Juhua Luo, Barbara Mcknight, Jaakko Mursu, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Kim Overvad, Bruce M. Psaty, Eric Rimm, Matthias B. Schulze, David Siscovick, Michael Skjelbo Nielsen, Albert V. Smith, Brian T. Steffen, Lyn Steffen, Qi Sun, Johan Sundstrom, Michael Y. Tsai, Hugh Tunstall-Pedoe, Matti I. J. Uusitupa, Rob M. Van Dam, Jenna Veenstra, Monique Verschuren, Nick Wareham, Walter Willett, Mark Woodward, Jian-Min Yuan, Renata Micha, Rozenn N. Lemaitre, Dariush Mozaffarian, Ulf Risérus

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BACKGROUND: Global dietary recommendations for and cardiovascular effects of linoleic acid, the major dietary omega-6 fatty acid, and its major metabolite, arachidonic acid, remain controversial. To address this uncertainty and inform international recommendations, we evaluated how in vivo circulating and tissue levels of linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) relate to incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) across multiple international studies.

METHODS: We performed harmonized, de novo, individual-level analyses in a global consortium of 30 prospective observational studies from 13 countries. Multivariable-adjusted associations of circulating and adipose tissue LA and AA biomarkers with incident total CVD and subtypes (coronary heart disease, …

Genome-Wide Interaction Study Of Omega-3 Pufas And Other Fatty Acids On Inflammatory Biomarkers Of Cardiovascular Health In The Framingham Heart Study, Jenna Veenstra, Anya Kalsbeek, Jason Westra, Craig Disselkoen, Caren E. Smith, Nathan L. Tintle

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Numerous genetic loci have been identified as being associated with circulating fatty acid (FA) levels and/or inflammatory biomarkers of cardiovascular health (e.g., C-reactive protein). Recently, using red blood cell (RBC) FA data from the Framingham Offspring Study, we conducted a genome-wide association study of over 2.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 22 RBC FAs (and associated ratios), including the four Omega-3 FAs (ALA, DHA, DPA, and EPA). Our analyses identified numerous causal loci. In this manuscript, we investigate the extent to which polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels moderate the relationship of genetics to cardiovascular health biomarkers using a genome-wide …

Novel Approach To Identify Optimal Metabotypes Of Elongase And Desaturase Activities In Prevention Of Acute Coronary Syndrome, Nathan L. Tintle, John W. Newman, Gregory C. Shearer

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Both metabolomic and genomic approaches are valuable for risk analysis, however typical approaches evaluating differences in means do not model the changes well. Gene polymorphisms that alter function would appear as distinct populations, or metabotypes, from the predominant one, in which case risk is revealed as changed mixing proportions between control and case samples. Here we validate a model accounting for mixed populations using biomarkers of fatty acid metabolism derived from a case/control study of acute coronary syndrome subjects in which both metabolomic and genomic approaches have been used previously. We first used simulated data to show improved power and …

Genome-Wide Association Study Of Saturated, Mono- And Polyunsaturated Red Blood Cell Fatty Acids In The Framingham Heart Offspring Study, Nathan L. Tintle, James V. Pottala, Sean Lacey, Vasan Ramachandran, Jason Westra, Ally Rogers, Jake Clark, Ben Olthoff, Martin Larson, William Harris, Gregory C. Shearer

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Most genome-wide association studies have explored relationships between genetic variants and plasma phospholipid fatty acid proportions, but few have examined apparent genetic influences on the membrane fatty acid profile of red blood cells (RBC). Using RBC fatty acid data from the Framingham Offspring Study, we analyzed over 2.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for association with 14 RBC fatty acids identifying 191 different SNPs associated with at least 1 fatty acid. Significant associations (p<1×10⁻⁸) were located within five distinct 1 MB regions. Of particular interest were novel associations between (1) arachidonic acid and PCOLCE2 (regulates apoA-I maturation …