Cardiovascular Diseases Commons^™

Mdivi-1, A Mitochondrial Division Inhibitor, Exerts Cardioprotective Effects In Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion (Mi/R) When Given At Reperfusion, Devon P. Stutzman

PCOM Biomedical Studies Student Scholarship

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Accompanying MI is myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury, which results in cardiac contractile dysfunction and additional myocardial cell death. MI/R injury is initiated in part by mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species due to mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and uncoupling of the electron transport chain, which may be due to mitochondrial fission in MI/R. Mitochondrial fission is in turn associated with shortening/fragmentation of mitochondria, decreased ATP production, and is thought to promote cardiac contractile dysfunction and post-reperfused cardiomyocyte loss, leading to increased infarct size. Therefore, inhibiting mitochondrial fission may be …

Gp91ds-Tat, A Selective Nadph Oxidase Peptide Inhibitor, Increases Blood Nitric Oxide (No) Bioavailability In Bind Limb Ischemia And Reperfusion (I/R), Sydney Walker, Tyler Galbreath, Qian Chen, Robert J. Barsotti, H. Patel, William Chau, Lindon H. Young

Research Day

I/R injury induces cell death and organ dysfunction in part due to a burst of reactive oxygen species that occurs upon the reintroduction of oxygen into the ischemic area, leading to endothelial dysfunction: decreased blood NO and increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 ) levels. We’ve previously shown in isolated rat hearts subjected to I/R injury, gp91ds-tat attenuated cardiac contractile dysfunction and reduced infarct size compared to controls presumably by the inhibition of NADPH oxidase induced superoxide release. Superoxide can quench NO via the formation of peroxynitrite and also be converted to H2O2 in blood. We attempted to confirm this hypothesis using …

Mitoquinone (Mitoq) Exerts Antioxidant Effects Independent Of Mitochondrial Targeted Effects In Phorbol-12-Myristate-13-Acetate (Pma) Or N-Formyl-L-Methiony-L-Leucyl-L-Phenylalanine (Fmlp) Stimulated Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte (Pmn) Superoxide (So) Release, Matthew Lepera, D. Pesikan, J. Voeun, Kerry-Anne Perkins, Qian Chen, Robert J. Barsotti, Lindon H. Young

Research Day

MitoQ is a mitochondrial-targeted coenzyme Q antioxidant analog that dose-dependently restored cardiac function and reduced infarct size in isolated perfused rat hearts subjected to ischemia reperfusion (I/R). Moreover, mitoQ also dose-dependently attenuated PMA stimulated PMN superoxide (SO) release at the same concentration (10uM) as the cardioprotective dose. NADPH oxidase is the principle source of PMN SO release. We speculate that mitoQ may exert antioxidant effects independent of the mitochondria. Therefore, we hypothesized that inhibition of mitoQ on PMN-SO release will be similar as other coenzyme Q analogs: coenzyme Q1 and decylubiquinone without affecting cell viability. SO release was measured spectrophotometrically …

The Effects Of Dihydrobiopterin And Tetrahydrobiopterin On Hydrogen Peroxide And Nitric Oxide Release During Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy (Eswl), Brittany Deiling

PCOM Biomedical Studies Student Scholarship

ESWL is an effective, non-invasive therapy utilized to fragment stones in the kidney and subsequently be cleared in the urinary tract. Although lithotripsy provides a safer alternative to invasive treatments for removing stones, ESWL may cause vasoconstriction after ESWL treatment, reducing renal blood flow, which can cause kidney damage leading to acute to chronic hypertension clinically. This may be due to kidney vascular endothelial dysfunction, which is characterized as increased oxidative stress and decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. We hypothesized that ESWL would decrease NO and increase hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in …

An Analysis Of Abnormal Electrocardiograms In First And Second Year Medical School Students, Molly Anne Kalish

PCOM Biomedical Studies Student Scholarship

The high stress level placed upon medical school students, particularly during their first and second didactic years, may have a negative effect on their health. Although surveys and subjective questionnaires have been used to evaluate the effects medical school has upon a student’s cardiovascular health, there has been little clinical data obtained to confirm this notion. The aim of this longitudinal study was to demonstrate whether any abnormal cardiovascular parameters, specifically QTc wave interval, cardiac axis vector and blood pressure abnormalities, could be documented to occur in two different classes of medical students during their first two years. Such information …

Is Oral Rivaroxaban Safe And Effective In The Treatment Of Patients With Symptomatic Dvt?, Ami A. Patel

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not oral rivaroxaban is safe and effective in the treatment of patients with symptomatic DVT.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary randomized controlled trial studies published from 2007-2011.

DATA SOURCES: Three randomized controlled trials studying the effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban in the treatment of patients with symptomatic DVT in comparison to enoxaparin and placebo.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Outcomes measured were episodes of recurrent DVT and bleeding. Patients were monitored for the proposed treatment period and seen at fixed intervals that were matching …