Diseases Commons^™

Transplant-Associated Tma: The Conundrum Of Diagnosis And Treatment, Ang Li, Sarah E Sartain

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) after hematopoietic cell transplantation is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) with persistent schistocytosis, elevated markers of hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, and microvascular thrombosis leading to ischemic injuries in the kidneys and other organs. The initial evaluation of the disease requires confirmation of non-immune MAHA and careful examination of known secondary causes of TMA. Due to increased likelihood of long-term renal failure and overall mortality, a rapid diagnosis and treatment of the underlying trigger is needed. However, the diagnostic criteria proposed to define TA-TMA remain insufficient. sC5b9, the soluble form of the membrane attack complex of the terminal …

Low-Osmolarity Oral Rehydration Solution For Childhood Diarrhoea: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Mustafa Bin Ali Zubairi, Syeda Kanza Naqvi, Ayesha Arshad Ali, Ashraf Sharif, Rehana Abdus Salam, Zain Hasnain, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Shabina Ariff, Yasir Bin Nisar, Jai K. Das

Institute for Global Health and Development

Background: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is crucial in the management of diarrhoea. Until the early 2000s, the standard formulation of glucose-based ORS with a total osmolarity of 311 mmol/L was being used for this purpose. However, due to concerns about sodium levels and cases of hypernatremia, a low-osmolarity ORS solution (LORS) with an osmolarity of 245mmol/L or less was developed to replace the standard ORS. With this systematic review, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of LORS compared to standard ORS for the treatment of acute and persistent diarrhoea.
Methods: We comprehensively searched PubMed, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, the …

Antibiotics For Acute Watery Or Persistent With Or Without Bloody Diarrhoea In Children: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Syeda Kanza Naqvi, Mustafa Bin Ali Zubairi, Ayesha Arshad Ali, Ashraf Sharif, Rehana Abdus Salam, Zain Hasnain, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Shabina Ariff, Yasir Bin Nisar, Jai K. Das

Institute for Global Health and Development

Background: The use of antibiotics in the treatment of acute and persistent watery diarrhoea has long been a subject of contention. While the advantages of using antimicrobials are acknowledged, concerns remain regarding potential adverse effects and antibiotic resistance. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of antibiotics compared to placebos for the treatment of diarrhoea.
Methods: We searched PubMed, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and Scopus from inception until 20 July 2023 for studies published after the year 2000 assessing antibiotics vs placebo in acute …

Zinc Supplementation For Acute And Persistent Watery Diarrhoea In Children: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Ayesha Arshad Ali, Syeda Kanza Naqvi, Zain Hasnain, Mustafa Bin Ali Zubairi, Ashraf Sharif, Rehana Abdus Salam, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Shabina Ariff, Yasir Bin Nisar, Jai K. Das

Institute for Global Health and Development

Background: Zinc is a micronutrient that plays a role in immune system strengthening and regulation of intestinal epithelial cells, and can reduce the duration and severity of diarrhoea. We conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effectiveness of zinc compared to no zinc for the management of acute and persistent diarrhoea in children.
Methods: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform from inception until 31 July 2023 for studies published from year 2000 onwards that assessed the use of zinc in the management …

Mutation- And Mrd-Informed Treatments For Transplant-Ineligible Patients, Curtis A Lachowiez, Courtney D Dinardo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The ongoing development of molecularly targeted therapies in addition to the new standard of care combination of azacitidine and venetoclax (AZA-VEN) has transformed the prognostic outlook for older, transplant-ineligible patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). While conventional treatments, such as standard anthracycline and cytarabine- based chemotherapy or hypomethylating agent (HMA) monotherapy, are associated with a generally poor prognosis in this patient population, the use of these novel regimens can result in long-lasting, durable remissions in select patient subgroups. Furthermore, the simultaneous discovery of resistance mechanisms to targeted therapies and AZA-VEN has enabled the identification of patient subgroups with inferior outcomes, …

Bile Duct Ligation-Induced Cirrhosis Does Not Alter The Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability To Sucrose In Rats, Mohammad K. Miah, Ulrich Bickel, Reza Mehvar

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Contradictory results have been reported about the effects of liver diseases on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability to markers. For instance, both an increase and no change in the BBB permeability to BBB markers sodium fluorescein and Evans blue have been reported in experimental cholestasis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats. These contradictory effects might be due to inherent limitations of these markers and/or methodological issues. Here, we investigated the time course of the impact of BDL in rats on BBB permeability using a recently developed stable isotope labeled marker [¹³C]sucrose, which is expected to be …

Spatial Dynamics Of Culex Quinquefasciatus Abundance: Geostatistical Insights From Harris County, Texas, Morgan Jibowu, Melissa S Nolan, Ryan Ramphul, Heather T Essigmann, Abiodun O Oluyomi, Eric L Brown, Maximea Vigilant, Sarah M Gunter

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Mosquito-borne diseases pose a significant public health threat, prompting the need to pinpoint high-risk areas for targeted interventions and environmental control measures. Culex quinquefasciatus is the primary vector for several mosquito-borne pathogens, including West Nile virus. Using spatial analysis and modeling techniques, we investigated the geospatial distribution of Culex quinquefasciatus abundance in the large metropolis of Harris County, Texas, from 2020 to 2022. Our geospatial analysis revealed clusters of high mosquito abundance, predominantly located in central Houston and the north-northwestern regions of Harris County, with lower mosquito abundance observed in the western and southeastern areas. We identified persistent high mosquito …

Random Blood Glucose As An Alternative To Glycated Hemoglobin For Assessing Glycemic Control In Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Cross-Sectional Study In Babylon Province, Iraq, Hajir Karim Abdul-Husseein, Abeer Tariq Watife, Mustafa Karim Abdul-Husseein, Hayder Abdul-Amir Makki Al-Hindy, Karam Akram Al- Akkam

Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: Diabetes affected 171 million people worldwide one and a half decades ago, and 366 million people are expected by 2030. The relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and diabetes complications was established, emphasizing the importance of good glycemic management. However, due to its high cost, the HbA1c test is considered to be not affordable or not available. The high incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its more risky comorbidities in most populations necessitate the requirement for regarding an alternative test.

Objective: The aim of the current study was to assess if there is a relationship between HbA1c and …

Interaction Between Type 2 Diabetes And Past Covid-19 On Active Tuberculosis, Liz E. Calles-Cabanillas, Genesis P. Aguillón-Durán, Doris Ayala, Jose A. Caso, Miguel Garza, Mateo Joya-Ayala, Raúl Loera-Salazar, America Cruz-González, John M. Thomas Iii, Blanca I. Restrepo

School of Medicine Publications

Background

The global setback in tuberculosis (TB) prevalence and mortality in the post-COVID-19 era has been partially attributed to pandemic-related disruptions in healthcare systems. The additional biological contribution of COVID-19 to TB is less clear. The goal of this study was to determine if there is an association between COVID-19 in the past 18 months and a new TB episode, and the role played by type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) comorbidity in this relationship.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 112 new active TB patients and 373 non-TB controls, identified between June 2020 and November 2021 in communities along …

Telogen Effluvium Incidence In Women Wearing Hijab Compared To Non-Hijab: A Cross-Sectional Study, Sondang Pandjaitan Sirait, Sandra Widaty, Lili Legiawati, Lis Surachmiati Suseno, Roro Inge Ade Krisanti, Windy Keumala Budianti, Eliza Miranda, Rahadi Rihatmadja, Caroline Oktarina, Paulus Anung Anindita Pandelaki, Irhen Situmeang

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Hair loss is a normal experience, but if the amount of hair loss exceeds what is considered normal, it will usually cause anxiety for the patient. In Indonesia, almost every Muslim woman wears a hijab. The hijab is one of many factors believed to cause hair loss. Telogen effluvium (TE) itself is a hair cycle disorder in which the anagen phase terminates prematurely, resulting in diffuse club hair loss without scarring, and TE itself has many risk factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the incidence of TE in women who wear hijabs …

A Prospective Study In The Treatment Of Androgenic Alopecia Using Combination Of Procapil, Capixyl, Redensyl, Garima Bansal, Rishi Bansal

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Androgenic alopecia is characterized by its diffuse loss and the miniaturization of the hair. The study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of procapil, redensyl, capixyl, bicapil, and anagain in topical hair growth serum in androgenic alopecia.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 110 healthy subjects aged 18-60 with androgenic alopecia in the Department of Dermatology, Tundla, Etmadhpur. Each subject applied 1 ml of serum on a dry scalp and was followed up on the 4^th, 8^th, 12^th, and 16^th week. Mean, median, and standard deviation were calculated. A repeated measure …

Review Of The Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, And Treatment Of Naegleria Fowleri-Induced Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis, Terrance Zhang

MCB Articles

Naegleria fowleri is a thermophilic, ubiquitous, free-living amoeba, but is also known as the “brain-eating” amoeba. This is the etiological agent of a rare and fulminant waterborne disease known as Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) that is acutely fatal in 90-99% of reported cases. Those who come into contact with infested waters are at risk of introducing the amoeba into their upper nasal canal, whence the trophozoite form is known to migrate along the olfactory nerve, through the cribriform plate, and enter the central nervous system. Although the exact pathogenesis of N. fowleri is not known, studies have demonstrated contact-dependent and …

Rings Of Power: Controlling Sod Mimic Activity By The Addition Of Pyridine Rings Within The Pyridinophane Scaffold, Katherine J. Smith, Timothy M. Schwartz, David M. Freire, Cameron Bowers, Sarah K. Dunn, Jackson F. Bonnell, Magy A. Mekhail, Giridhar Akkaraju, Kayla N. Green

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Superoxide dismutase enzymes are a major defense against superoxide, which is a potent reactive oxygen species. Misregulation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent neuronal damage are etiological hallmarks of neurodegenerative disease. Macrocyclic small molecules have offered inroads toward functional SOD1 mimics. Herein, we report a series of five tetra-aza macrocyclic ^RPy₂N₂ ligands, varied by 4-position substitution of the pyridine ring with both electron-donating (R = OMe) and withdrawing groups (R = Cl, I, and CF₃) to offer the first comparison to well-studied ^RPyN₃ congeners and other mimics in the literature. New ligands …

Evolving Treatment Strategies For Systemic Lupus Erythematosus In Clinical Practice: A Narrative Review, Alan D. Kaye, Joseph P. Tassin, William C. Upshaw, Chandni R. Patel, Alison M. Hawkins, Caroline R. Burroughs, Kristin Nicole Bembenick, Chizoba N. Mosieri, Shahab Ahmadzadeh, Adam M. Kaye, Sahar Shekoohi, Giustino Varrassi

School of Dentistry Faculty Publications

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that more commonly affects African American people, although it is seen in people of all racial backgrounds. This condition is characterized by a dysregulated immune response resulting in widespread inflammation. Clinical manifestations caused by this inflammation include arthritis, anemia, cutaneous rashes, pleuritis, and nephritis. Treatment for SLE aims to reduce disease activity and maintain a state of low inflammation. In this regard, numerous treatments are used, such as hydroxychloroquine, glucocorticoids, and non-glucocorticoid immunosuppressants such as methotrexate. Related to these drugs resulting in significant adverse effects and being ineffective in controlling SLE symptoms …

Targeted Maternal Chagas Disease Screening Among Individuals Born In A Chagas-Endemic Country., Alvaro Proaño, Neil C Shah, Sneider A Gutierrez Guarnizo, Monica Miranda-Schaeubinger, Michael Z Levy, Robert H Gilman, Dustin D Flannery

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi that affects 6 million people worldwide. In the United States, Chagas is estimated to affect 43 000 women of reproductive age. Pregnant persons with Chagas are at risk for congenital transmission to the newborn, which accounts for nearly a quarter of all new cases. In 2022, a US multidisciplinary expert working group4 developed recommendations for increased clinician-directed screening for Chagas. They concluded that women of reproductive age who were born in endemic countries should be tested due to vertical transmission risk. In 2024, Clark and Bern outlined …

Antibiotics For Culture-Negative Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis: Measuring The Unmeasurable, Dustin D Flannery, Matthew B Green

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

No abstract provided.

A Latent Class Assessment Of Healthcare Access Factors And Disparities In Breast Cancer Care Timeliness, Matthew Dunn, Didong Li, Marc Emerson, Caroline Thompson, Hazel Nichols, Sarah Van Alsten, Mya Roberson, Stephanie Wheeler, Lisa Carey, Terry Hyslop, Jennifer Elston Lafata, Melissa Troester

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Delays in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment lead to worse survival and quality of life. Racial disparities in care timeliness have been reported, but few studies have examined access at multiple points along the care continuum (diagnosis, treatment initiation, treatment duration, and genomic testing).

METHODS AND FINDINGS: The Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS) Phase 3 is a population-based, case-only cohort (n = 2,998, 50% black) of patients with invasive breast cancer diagnoses (2008 to 2013). We used latent class analysis (LCA) to group participants based on patterns of factors within 3 separate domains: socioeconomic status ("SES"), "care barriers," and …

Understanding Orthopaedic Infections: A Conceptual Approach, Gregory Laborde, Christopher Bloise, George Karam

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Memorizing mounds of facts without having an effective conceptual framework to store them is often an unsuccessful learning style because memory frequently fails without understanding. To accomplish this goal, we offer a framework of ideas called "concept maps". Of the many strategies for metacognition (that is, thinking about thinking), concept mapping is proven to improve meaningful and independent learning. We used this approach to guide understanding of common orthopaedic infections. This paper is not meant to serve as an approach on how to treat, but rather as a storage system with the ability to assist in understanding orthopaedic infections. …

Extreme Wrinkling Of The Nuclear Lamina Is A Morphological Marker Of Cancer, Ting-Ching Wang, Christina R Dollahon, Sneha Mishra, Hailee Patel, Samere Abolghasemzade, Ishita Singh, Vilmos Thomazy, Daniel G Rosen, Vlad C Sandulache, Saptarshi Chakraborty, Tanmay P Lele

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Nuclear atypia is a hallmark of cancer. A recent model posits that excess surface area, visible as folds/wrinkles in the lamina of a rounded nucleus, allows the nucleus to take on diverse shapes with little mechanical resistance. Whether this model is applicable to normal and cancer nuclei in human tissues is unclear. We image nuclear lamins in patient tissues and find: (a) nuclear laminar wrinkles are present in control and cancer tissue but are obscured in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) images, (b) nuclei rarely have a smooth lamina, and (c) wrinkled nuclei assume diverse shapes. Deep learning reveals the presence …

Adiposity Throughout Adulthood And Risk Of Young-Onset Breast Cancer Tumor Subtypes In The Young Women's Health History Study, Lydia Marcus Post, Dorothy R. Pathak, Ann S. Hamilton, Kelly A. Hirko, Richard T. Houang, Emily H. Guseman, Dan Sanfelippo, Nicole Bohme Carnegie, L. Karl Olson, Hallgeir Rui, Ann G. Schwartz, Ellen M. Velie

Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: The role of adult adiposity in young-onset breast cancer (YOBC) subtype risk is not well understood.

METHODS: In this population-based case (n = 1812)-control (n = 1,381) study of invasive YOBC (ages <50 >years), cases were identified from the Los Angeles County and Metropolitan Detroit Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries, 2010 to 2015. Area-based, frequency-matched controls were sampled from the 2010 Census. General adiposity [body mass index (BMI)] and central adiposity (waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio) across adulthood and covariates were collected from in-person interviews and measurements. ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for adiposity and YOBC tumor subtypes …

The Power Of Prevention: Integrating Dental And Cardiovascular Care With The Baledoneen Method™, Amy Doneen Dnp

Metro Denver Dental Society Articulator Magazine

This article details the BaleDoneen Method™ which offers a collaborative, science-based approach to preventing and managing cardiovascular disease (CVD) by targeting the root causes of arterial plaque formation. This method integrates dental care by addressing high-risk periodontal pathogens, recognizing the critical connection between oral health and vascular health, and emphasizes the importance of personalized care to reduce systemic inflammation and cardiovascular risk.

D101n: A Unique And Ill-Understood Familial Als-Related Sod1 Mutant, Analisa Lott

Honors Program Theses and Research Projects

Background: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, with 90% of documented cases considered sporadic and about 10% showing a hereditary link; such cases are deemed as familial ALS (fALS). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a copper-zinc binding enzyme that protects cells from damaging free radicals, has been linked to fALS with certain toxic gain of function mutations, such as the D101N mutant. The human SOD1 D101N mutant has been shown to be associated with rapidly progressing neurodegeneration yet is less prone to aggregation than similar mutants, but its deviation from wild-type (WT) SOD1 remains misunderstood.

Objective: Although the D101N …

The Study Of The Epidemiology Of Pediatric Hypertension Registry (Superhero): Rationale And Methods, Andrew M South, Victoria C Giammattei, Kiri W Bagley, Christine Y Bakhoum, William H Beasley, Morgan B Bily, Shupti Biswas, Aaron M Bridges, Rushelle L Byfield, Jessica Fallon Campbell, Rahul Chanchlani, Ashton Chen, Lucy D'Agostino Mcgowan, Stephen M Downs, Gina M Fergeson, Jason H Greenberg, Taylor A Hill-Horowitz, Elizabeth T Jensen, Mahmoud Kallash, Margret Kamel, Stefan G Kiessling, David M Kline, John R Laisure, Gang Liu, Jackson Londeree, Caroline B Lucas, Sai Sudha Mannemuddhu, Kuo-Rei Mao, Jason M Misurac, Margaret O Murphy, James T Nugent, Elizabeth A Onugha, Ashna Pudupakkam, Kathy M Redmond, Sandeep Riar, Christine B Sethna, Sahar Siddiqui, Ashley L Thumann, Stephen R Uss, Carol L Vincent, Irina V Viviano, Michael J Walsh, Blanche D White, Robert P Woroniecki, Michael Wu, Ikuyo Yamaguchi, Emily Yun, Donald J Weaver

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Despite increasing prevalence of hypertension in youth and high adult cardiovascular mortality rates, the long-term consequences of youth-onset hypertension remain unknown. This is due to limitations of prior research, such as small sample sizes, reliance on manual record review, and limited analytic methods, that did not address major biases. The Study of the Epidemiology of Pediatric Hypertension (SUPERHERO) is a multisite, retrospective registry of youth evaluated by subspecialists for hypertension disorders. Sites obtain harmonized electronic health record data using standardized biomedical informatics scripts validated with randomized manual record review. Inclusion criteria are index visit for International Classification of Diseases, 10th …

The Role Of Epigenetic Aberrations In The Cold Tumor Phenotype And Inflammatory Signaling In High-Risk Neuroblastoma, Pamela Morgan Watson

Alternative Theses and Dissertations (AETDs)

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a highly aggressive, heterogeneous disease that arises from the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and originates from neural crest cells (NCCs) (1). NB is the most common extracranial cancer in pediatric accounts for 15% of pediatric cancer deaths (2). This high mortality rate is the result of the metastatic, immune evasive, and treatment resistant characteristics of the disease (3). It has been proposed that NB arises from blocks in differentiation during development, resulting in a mixture of two distinct cell types within the tumor: mesenchymal and adrenergic (Figure 1.1) (4,5). The adrenergic cell type is more differentiated, and …

Re: Proteomic Exploration Of Potential Blood Biomarkers In Haemophilic Arthropathy, Quang D La, David F Lo, Don D Shamilov

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

We wish to convey our reflections on the scholarly article titled “Proteomic exploration of potential blood biomarkers in haemophilic arthropathy” [1]. This investigation elucidates significant results concerning the plasma proteome of individuals afflicted with hemophilic arthropathy (HA) across a spectrum of severities, accentuating pivotal variations in protein expression correlated with disease severity and emphasizing the intricate nature of HA pathophysiology.

Rapid Profiling Of Carcinogenic Types Of Helicobacter Pylori Infection Via Deep Learning Analysis Of Label-Free Sers Spectra Of Human Serum, Fen Li, Yu Ting Si, Jia Wei Tang, Zeeshan Umar, Xue Song Xiong, Jin Ting Wang, Quan Yuan, Alfred Chin Yen Tay, Eng Guan Chua, Li Zhang, Barry J. Marshall, Wei Xuan Yang, Bing Gu, Liang Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

WHO classified Helicobacter pylori as a Group I carcinogen for gastric cancer as early as 1994. However, despite the high prevalence of H. pylori infection, only about 3 % of infected individuals eventually develop gastric cancer, with the highly virulent H. pylori strains expressing cytotoxin-associated protein (CagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) being critical factors in gastric carcinogenesis. It is well known that H. pylori infection is divided into two types in terms of the presence and absence of CagA and VacA toxins in serum, that is, carcinogenic Type I infection (CagA+/VacA+, CagA+/VacA-, CagA-/VacA+) and non-carcinogenic Type II infection (CagA-/VacA-). Currently, …

Differences In Igg Afucosylation Between Groups With And Without Carotid Atherosclerosis, Cuihong Tian, Xingang Li, Hongxia Zhang, Jieyi He, Yan Zhou, Manshu Song, Peixuan Yang, Xuerui Tan

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: A previous study demonstrated that N-glycosylation profiles of IgG are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in a British population. However, the generalisability of this finding to other ethnic groups remains to be investigated, and it has yet to account for additional traditional atherosclerotic risk factors. The present study, thus, aims to explore IgG N-glycosylation profiles in Han Chinese with atherosclerosis, and their potential role in atherosclerosis, while controlling for traditional atherosclerotic risk factors. Methods: Data of this case-control study were obtained from an established umbrella Health Examination Cohort Study (registration number: ChiCTR2100048740). The investigation was conducted at the Health Care …

Spatial Transcriptomics Reveals Discrete Tumour Microenvironments And Autocrine Loops Within Ovarian Cancer Subclones, Elena Denisenko, Leanne De Kock, Adeline Tan, Aaron B. Beasley, Maria Beilin, Matthew E. Jones, Rui Hou, Dáithí Ó Muirí, Sanela Bilic, G. Raj K. A. Mohan, Stuart Salfinger, Simon Fox, Khaing P. W. Hmon, Yen Yeow, Youngmi Kim, Rhea John, Tami S. Gilderman, Emily Killingbeck, Elin S. Gray, Paul A. Cohen, Yu Yu, Alistair R. R. Forrest

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is genetically unstable and characterised by the presence of subclones with distinct genotypes. Intratumoural heterogeneity is linked to recurrence, chemotherapy resistance, and poor prognosis. Here, we use spatial transcriptomics to identify HGSOC subclones and study their association with infiltrating cell populations. Visium spatial transcriptomics reveals multiple tumour subclones with different copy number alterations present within individual tumour sections. These subclones differentially express various ligands and receptors and are predicted to differentially associate with different stromal and immune cell populations. In one sample, CosMx single molecule imaging reveals subclones differentially associating with immune cell populations, fibroblasts, …

Measuring Treatment Burden In People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2dm): A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review, Kai Lin, Mi Yao, Xinxin Ji, Rouyan Li, Lesley Andrew, Jacques Oosthuizen, Moira Sim, Yongsong Chen

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Measuring treatment burden is important for the effective management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) care. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the most robust approach for measuring treatment burden in people with T2DM based on existing evidence. Methods: Articles from seven databases were retrieved. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies examining treatment burden in adults with T2DM and/or reporting relevant experiences were included. A convergent segregated approach with a mixed-methods design of systematic review was employed, creating a measurement framework in a narrative review for consistent critical appraisal. The quality of included studies was assessed using …

The Effects Of Short-Term, Progressive Exercise Training On Disease Activity In Smouldering Multiple Myeloma And Monoclonal Gammopathy Of Undetermined Significance: A Single-Arm Pilot Study, A. Emery, S. Moore, J. Crowe, J. Murray, O. Peacock, D. Thompson, F. Betts, S. Rapps, L. Ross, D. Rothschild-Rodriguez, A. A. Echarri, R. Davies, R. Lewis, D. X. Augustine, A. Whiteway, Z. Afzal, J. L. J. Heaney, M. T. Drayson, J. E. Turner, John P. Campbell

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: High levels of physical activity are associated with reduced risk of the blood cancer multiple myeloma (MM). MM is preceded by the asymptomatic stages of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smouldering multiple myeloma (SMM) which are clinically managed by watchful waiting. A case study (N = 1) of a former elite athlete aged 44 years previously indicated that a multi-modal exercise programme reversed SMM disease activity. To build from this prior case study, the present pilot study firstly examined if short-term exercise training was feasible and safe for a group of MGUS and SMM patients, and secondly …