Diseases Commons^™

Modulation Of Hepatic Amyloid Precursor Protein And Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 By Chronic Alcohol Intake: Potential Link Between Liver Steatosis And Amyloid-Β, Jerome Garcia, Rudy Chang, Ross A. Steinberg, Aldo Arce, Joshua Yang, Peter Van Der Eb, Tamara Abdullah, Devaraj V. Chandrashekar, Syndey M. Eck, Pablo Meza, Zhang-Xu Liu, Enrique Cadenas, David H. Cribbs, Neil Kaplowitz, Rachita K. Sumbria, Derick Han

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Heavy alcohol consumption is a known risk factor for various forms of dementia and the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this work, we investigated how intragastric alcohol feeding may alter the liver-to-brain axis to induce and/or promote AD pathology. Four weeks of intragastric alcohol feeding to mice, which causes significant fatty liver (steatosis) and liver injury, caused no changes in AD pathology markers in the brain [amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin], except for a decrease in microglial cell number in the cortex of the brain. Interestingly, the decline in microglial numbers correlated with serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, suggesting …

Be The Change: Advancing Lung Health And Closing The Global Healthcare Gap, Gregory P Downey, M Patricia Rivera, Lynn Schnapp, Irina Petrache, Jesse Roman, Karen Collishaw

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

International Consensus Classification Of Myeloid Neoplasms And Acute Leukemias: Integrating Morphologic, Clinical, And Genomic Data, Daniel A Arber, Attilio Orazi, Robert P Hasserjian, Michael J Borowitz, Katherine R Calvo, Hans-Michael Kvasnicka, Sa A Wang, Adam Bagg, Tiziano Barbui, Susan Branford, Carlos E Bueso-Ramos, Jorge E Cortes, Paola Dal Cin, Courtney D Dinardo, Hervé Dombret, Eric J Duncavage, Benjamin L Ebert, Elihu H Estey, Fabio Facchetti, Kathryn Foucar, Naseema Gangat, Umberto Gianelli, Lucy A Godley, Nicola Gökbuget, Jason Gotlib, Eva Hellström-Lindberg, Gabriela S Hobbs, Ronald Hoffman, Elias J Jabbour, Jean-Jacques Kiladjian, Richard A Larson, Michelle M Le Beau, Mignon L-C Loh, Bob Löwenberg, Elizabeth Macintyre, Luca Malcovati, Charles G Mullighan, Charlotte Niemeyer, Olatoyosi M Odenike, Seishi Ogawa, Alberto Orfao, Elli Papaemmanuil, Francesco Passamonti, Kimmo Porkka, Ching-Hon Pui, Jerald P Radich, Andreas Reiter, Maria Rozman, Martina Rudelius, Michael R Savona, Charles A Schiffer, Annette Schmitt-Graeff, Akiko Shimamura, Jorge Sierra, Wendy A Stock, Richard M Stone, Martin S Tallman, Jürgen Thiele, Hwei-Fang Tien, Alexandar Tzankov, Alessandro M Vannucchi, Paresh Vyas, Andrew H Wei, Olga K Weinberg, Agnieszka Wierzbowska, Mario Cazzola, Hartmut Döhner, Ayalew Tefferi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemias was last updated in 2016 within a collaboration between the World Health Organization (WHO), the Society for Hematopathology, and the European Association for Haematopathology. This collaboration was primarily based on input from a clinical advisory committees (CACs) composed of pathologists, hematologists, oncologists, geneticists, and bioinformaticians from around the world. The recent advances in our understanding of the biology of hematologic malignancies, the experience with the use of the 2016 WHO classification in clinical practice, and the results of clinical trials have indicated the need for further revising and updating the classification. As …

Risk And Incidence Of Head And Neck Cancers In Veterans Living With Hiv And Matched Hiv-Negative Veterans, Angela L Mazul, Christine M Hartman, Yvonne M Mowery, Jennifer R Kramer, Donna L White, Kathryn E Royse, Suchismita Raychaudhury, Vlad C Sandulache, Sarah T Ahmed, Jose P Zevallos, Peter A Richardson, Andrew G Sikora, Elizabeth Y Chiao

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Persons living with HIV/AIDS have a higher incidence of virus-related and tobacco/alcohol-related cancers. This study is the first to estimate the effect of HIV versus HIV-negative veterans on the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma incidence in a large retrospective cohort study.

METHODS: The authors constructed a retrospective cohort study using patient data from 1999 to 2016 from the National Veterans Administration Corporate Data Warehouse and the VA Central Cancer Registry. This cohort study included 45,052 veterans living with HIV/AIDS and 162,486 HIV-negative patients matched by age, sex, and index visit (i.e., HIV diagnosis date or clinic …

An Unexpected Case Of Herpes Simplex Virus Esophagitis Presenting Amidst Corticosteroid Therapy For An Acute Copd Exacerbation: A Case Report, Aqeel Khanani, Kayvan Mirhadi

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is prevalent worldwide, with a recent report by the World Health Organization estimating that 3.7 billion individuals under the age of 50 have been infected by the virus. After the initial infection, HSV-1 enters a latent phase with the potential for intermittent reactivation, often secondary to episodes of infection, stress, or immunosuppression. Per current literature review, esophageal involvement in the form of herpes simplex virus esophagitis (HSVE) is more commonly associated with immunocompromised patients, such as transplant recipients and HIV-positive individuals. The patient discussed in this report is a 79-year-old female with a past medical history …

Stones, Bones, And Groans With Cancerous Overtones - A Rare Case Of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Presenting As Hypercalcemia, Evan Becker, Caitlyn Moss, Steve Chung

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that can present in a variety of ways including fever, weight loss, weakness, and drenching night sweats. Uncommonly, hypercalcemia of malignancy can be associated with DLBCL through multiple mechanisms that include synthesis of parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) or elevated calcitriol levels. It is estimated that hypercalcemia in the setting of DLBCL is present in 18% of newly diagnosed cases. This report details a case of an 80-year-old man with history of chronic anemia and CKD stage 3b that presented with weakness, decreased oral intake, and self-reported weight …

How Did The Dietary Habits Of Patients With Chronic Medical Conditions Change During Covid-19?, Sahil K. Patel, Adarsh Gupta

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

CONTEXT: Previous studies have examined the changes in the dietary habits of general populations during the COVID-19 pandemic but have not focused on specific populations such as those with chronic medical conditions (CMCs). Prior to major vaccination efforts, 96.1% of deaths were attributed to patients with preexisting CMCs, thus it is important to examine how this population has endured changes.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify differences in dietary habits, lifestyle habits, and food attitudes between those with CMCs compared to the populations without chronic medical conditions (non-CMCs) since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: An …

Serpinb3 Drives Cancer Stem Cell Survival In Glioblastoma, Adam Lauko, Josephine Volovetz, Soumya M Turaga, Defne Bayik, Daniel J Silver, Kelly Mitchell, Erin E Mulkearns-Hubert, Dionysios C Watson, Kiran Desai, Manav Midha, Jing Hao, Kathleen Mccortney, Alicia Steffens, Ulhas Naik, Manmeet S Ahluwalia, Shideng Bao, Craig Horbinski, Jennifer S Yu, Justin D Lathia

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Despite therapeutic interventions for glioblastoma (GBM), cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive recurrence. The precise mechanisms underlying CSC resistance, namely inhibition of cell death, are unclear. We built on previous observations that the high cell surface expression of junctional adhesion molecule-A drives CSC maintenance and identified downstream signaling networks, including the cysteine protease inhibitor SerpinB3. Using genetic depletion approaches, we found that SerpinB3 is necessary for CSC maintenance, survival, and tumor growth, as well as CSC pathway activation. Knockdown of SerpinB3 also increased apoptosis and susceptibility to radiation therapy. SerpinB3 was essential to buffer cathepsin L-mediated cell death, which was enhanced …

Social Media Impact Of Articles Published By Dermatology Residents During Medical School: Cross-Sectional Study, Austin Huang, Harrison Zhu, Kelvin Zhou, R Parker Kirby, Nina Dasari, Gianmarco A Calderara, Kathryn Cordova, Ryan Sorensen, Anshul Bhatnagar, Soo Jung Kim

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The Altmetric score (AS) is a novel measure of publication impact that is calculated by the number of mentions across various social media websites. This method may have advantages over traditional bibliometrics in the context of research by medical students.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether dermatology matriculants who graduated from higher-ranked medical schools published more articles with greater impact (ie, a higher AS) than those from lower-ranked institutions.

METHODS: A PubMed search for articles published by dermatology residents who started medical school in 2020 was conducted. Demographic information and Altmetric data were collected, and medical schools were …

Phylogenetic Diversity Of Animal Oral And Gastrointestinal Viromes Useful In Surveillance Of Zoonoses, Anthony Michael Esposito, Michelle Marie Esposito, Albert Ptashnik

Publications and Research

Great emphasis has been placed on bacterial microbiomes in human and animal systems. In recent years, advances in metagenomics have allowed for the detection and characterization of more and more native viral particles also residing in these organisms. The digestive tracts of animals and humans—from the oral cavity, to the gut, to fecal excretions—have become one such area of interest. Next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic analyses have uncovered vast phylogenetic virome diversity in companion animals, such as dogs and cats, as well as farm animals and wildlife such as bats. Zoonotic and arthropod-borne illnesses remain major causes of worldwide outbreaks, as …

Measure Dx: Implementing Pathways To Discover And Learn From Diagnostic Errors, Andrea Bradford, Marjorie Shofer, Hardeep Singh

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Despite the high frequency of diagnostic errors, multiple barriers, including measurement, make it difficult learn from these events. This article discusses Measure Dx, a new resource from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality that translates knowledge from diagnostic safety measurement research into actionable recommendations. Measure Dx guides healthcare organizations to detect, analyze, and learn from diagnostic safety events as part of a continuous learning and feedback cycle. Wider adoption of Measure Dx, along with the implementation of solutions that result, can advance new frontiers in reducing preventable diagnostic harm to patients.

Sleep, Sirtuin 1 And Alzheimer’S Disease: A Review, Mehrane Mehramiz, Tenielle Porter, Simon Laws, Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Sleep plays a major role in brain health, and cognition. Disrupted sleep is a well-described symptom of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, accumulating evidence suggests suboptimal sleep also increases AD risk. The deacetylase Sirtuin 1 (Sirt 1), encoded by the SIRT1 gene, impacts sleep via its relationship to wake-sleep neurotransmitters and somnogens. Evidence from animal and human studies supports a significant and complex relationship between sleep, Sirt 1/ SIRT1 and AD. Numerous hypotheses attempt to explain the critical impact of Sirt 1/ SIRT1 on wake- and sleep- promoting neurons, their related mechanisms and neurotransmitters. However, there is a paucity of studies …

Covid-19 Newsletter (Vol. 135), Center For Disaster Medicine, New York Medical College

COVID-19 Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Adapting The Fast-M Maternal Sepsis Intervention For Implementation In Pakistan: A Qualitative Exploratory Study, Sheikh Irfan Ahmed, Bakhtawar M H. Khowaja, Rubina Barolia, Raheel Sikandar, Ghulam Kubra Rind, Sehrish Rani, Raheela Rani, James Cheshire, Catherine Louise Dunlop, Lumaan Sheikh

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Objective: A maternal sepsis management bundle for resource-limited settings was developed through a synthesis of evidence and international consensus. This bundle, called 'FAST-M' consists of: Fluids, Antibiotics, Source control, assessment of the need to Transport/Transfer to a higher level of care and ongoing Monitoring (of the mother and neonate). The study aimed to adapt the FAST-M intervention including the bundle care tools for early identification and management of maternal sepsis in a low-resource setting of Pakistan and identify potential facilitators and barriers to its implementation.
Setting: The study was conducted at the Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, which …

Mutations In Bcor, A Co-Repressor Of Crx/Otx2, Are Associated With Early-Onset Retinal Degeneration, Maéva Langouët, Christine Jolicoeur, Awais Javed, Pierre Mattar, Micah D Gearhart, Stephen P Daiger, Mette Bertelsen, Lisbeth Tranebjærg, Nanna D Rendtorff, Karen Grønskov, Catherine Jespersgaard, Rui Chen, Zixi Sun, Hui Li, Najmeh Alirezaie, Jacek Majewski, Vivian J Bardwell, Ruifang Sui, Robert K Koenekoop, Michel Cayouette

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Many transcription factors regulating the production, survival, and function of photoreceptor cells have been identified, but little is known about transcriptional co-regulators in retinal health and disease. Here, we show that BCL6 co-repressor (BCOR), a Polycomb repressive complex 1 factor mutated in various cancers, is involved in photoreceptor degenerative diseases. Using proteomics and transcription assays, we report that BCOR interacts with the transcription factors CRX and OTX2 and reduces their ability to activate the promoters of photoreceptor-specific genes. CUT&RUN sequencing further shows that BCOR shares genome-wide binding profiles with CRX/OTX2, consistent with a general co-repression activity. We also identify missense …

Active And Passive Immunization With An Anti-Methamphetamine Vaccine Attenuates The Behavioral And Cardiovascular Effects Of Methamphetamine, Colin N. Haile, Kurt J. Varner, Xia Huijing, Reetakshi Arora, Frank M. Orson, Thomas R. Kosten, Therese A. Kosten

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) is a growing health concern with no FDA-approved treatment. The present series of studies build upon our previous work developing an anti-methamphetamine (MA) vaccine for MUD. We determined the effects of a formulation that included tetanus-toxoid (TT) conjugated to succinyl-methamphetamine (TT-SMA) adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide (alum) in combination with the novel Toll-Like Receptor-5 agonist, entolimod. Methods: Mice were vaccinated (0, 3, 6 weeks) with TT-SMA+alum and various doses of entolimod to determine an optimal dose for enhancing immunogenicity against MA. Functional effects were then assessed using MA-induced locomotor activation in mice. Experiments using passive immunization …

Coexistence Of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma And Basal Cell Carcinoma In A Renal Transplant Recipient: A Case Report., Diana Voloshyna, Tanveer Ahamad Shaik, Sunita Shrestha, Ajmat Ansari, Faraz Saleem, Muhammad Abu Zar Ghaffari

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

In solid organ transplant patients, non-melanoma skin cancer remains a leading cause of mortality. The most common skin malignancies in solid organ transplant patients are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). In organ transplant patients, SCC is 100 times more prevalent, and BCC is 10 times more prevalent than in the general population. Many risk factors for developing such malignancies are equivalent to those in the general population. However, in the transplant population, such cancers occur at an earlier age, act more aggressively, and often appear at multiple locations. Thus, assiduousness on the patient's part and healthcare …

Post Covid-19 Cognitive Impairment In A Patient With Bipolar Disorder, Nilanjana Dutta, Raghav Gupta, Dr. M Kishor Mbbs, Md

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

COVID-19 has caused widespread health conditions, psychological and social distress among people and there is evidence that shows profound neuropsychiatric complications during acute and post-recovery phases of the infection. Cognitive impairment occurring after COVID-19 infection can be explained by various mechanisms, including persistent systemic inflammation, direct viral invasion, alteration in the blood-brain barrier, and cerebrovascular endothelial injury.There are few studies that have explored the impact of COVID-19 on pre-existing psychiatric conditions. This case report highlights the temporal association of cognitive impairment with COVID-19 and the need for cognitive assessment and management in post-COVID-19 patients with pre-existing psychiatric conditions.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder With Porn Addiction During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Varuni Pragya, M Kishor Dr.

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

BACKGROUND:

COVID-19 Pandemic is an unprecedented humanitarian crisis that has affected the mental health of individuals immensely. OCD was among the mental health conditions that emerged with the new norm that is associated with repeated hand wash, social distancing and testing to confirm COVID-19. Nissen et al. (2020) found that there was a significant positive correlation between total OCD severity scores and the occurrence of OCD aggressive and sexual symptoms. [6] The COVID-19 lockdown translated into physical isolation, driving individuals to waste time online with no definite purpose, spending longer, abnormal durations of time online when bored, leading to increased …

Coronavirus Update—Report Positive Test Results, The Coronavirus Planning Team

University Briefings & Virtual Events

We want to remind everyone that you need to self-report if you test positive for COVID-19.

Sars-Cov-2 Invasion And Pathological Links To Prion Disease, Walter J. Lukiw, Vivian R. Jaber, Aileen I. Pogue, Yuhai Zhao

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the COVID-19 disease, is a highly infectious and transmissible viral pathogen that continues to impact human health globally. Nearly ~600 million people have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, and about half exhibit some degree of continuing health complication, generically referred to as long COVID. Lingering and often serious neurological problems for patients in the post-COVID-19 recovery period include brain fog, behavioral changes, confusion, delirium, deficits in intellect, cognition and memory issues, loss of balance and coordination, problems with vision, visual processing and hallucinations, encephalopathy, encephalitis, neurovascular or cerebrovascular insufficiency, and/or …

Urban Monitoring Of Antimicrobial Resistance During A Covid-19 Surge Through Wastewater Surveillance, Anthony Harrington, Van Vo, Katerina Papp, Richard L. Tillett, Ching-Lan Chang, Hayley Baker, Shirley Shen, Amei Amei, Cassius Lockett, Daniel Gerrity, Edwin C. Oh

Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine Faculty Research

During the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, infected patients presented with symptoms similar to bacterial pneumonias and were treated with antibiotics before confirmation of a bacterial or fungal co-infection. We reasoned that wastewater surveillance could reveal potential relationships between reduced antimicrobial stewardship, specifically misprescribing antibiotics to treat viral infections, and the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in an urban community. Here, we analyzed microbial communities and AMR profiles in sewage samples from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and a community shelter in Las Vegas, Nevada during a COVID-19 surge in December 2020. Using a respiratory pathogen and AMR enrichment …

Xpert Mtb/Rif Ultra Assay For Tuberculosis Disease And Rifampicin Resistance In Children, Alexander W Kay, Tara Ness, Sabine E Verkuijl, Kerri Viney, Annemieke Brands, Tiziana Masini, Lucia González Fernández, Michael Eisenhut, Anne K Detjen, Anna M Mandalakas, Karen R Steingart, Yemisi Takwoingi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Every year, an estimated one million children and young adolescents become ill with tuberculosis, and around 226,000 of those children die. Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) is a molecular World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended rapid diagnostic test that simultaneously detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and rifampicin resistance. We previously published a Cochrane Review 'Xpert MTB/RIF and Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assays for tuberculosis disease and rifampicin resistance in children'. The current review updates evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert Ultra in children presumed to have tuberculosis disease. Parts of this review update informed the 2022 WHO updated guidance on management of …

The Lawnmower And The Pediatric Lower Extremity: A Catastrophic Combination, Alvaro Tamayo-Gutierrez, Hassan N Ibrahim

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Heart failure can lead to renal impairment, an interaction now termed "cardiorenal syndrome." The prevalent physiological explanation for the renal impairment that accompanies heart failure centers around the forward failure hypothesis, which emphasizes the role of left ventricular dysfunction in causing edema, and the backward failure hypothesis, which singles out venous congestion as the dominant mechanism of edema and reduced glomerular filtration rate. In this review, we provide an appraisal on venous congestion, an extremely important contributor that has received little attention. We also summarize the pharmacology of loop diuretics, explain current understanding of diuretic resistance, and address controversies regarding …

In Vivo Measurement Of Intradiscal Pressure Changes Related To Thrust And Non-Thrust Spinal Manipulation In An Animal Model: A Pilot Study, William R Reed, Michael A K Liebschner, Carla R Lima, Harshvardhan Singh, Christopher P Hurt, Daniel F Martins, James M Cox, Maruti R Gudavalli

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The intervertebral disc is a known back pain generator and is frequently the focus of spinal manipulative therapy evaluation and treatment. The majority of our current knowledge regarding intradiscal pressure (IDP) changes related to spinal manual therapy involves cadaveric studies with their inherent limitations. Additional in vivo animal models are needed to investigate intervertebral disc physiological and molecular mechanisms related to spinal manipulation and spinal mobilization treatment for low back disorders.

METHODS: Miniature pressure catheters (Millar SPR-1000) were inserted into either the L4-L5 or L5-L6 intervertebral disc of 3 deeply anesthetized adult cats (Oct 2012-May 2013). Changes in IDP …

A Potential Role For Substance P In West Nile Virus Neuropathogenesis, Shannon E Ronca, Sarah M Gunter, Rebecca Berry Kairis, Allison Lino, Jonathan Romero, Robia G Pautler, Alan Nimmo, Kristy O Murray

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Of individuals who develop West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND), ~10% will die and >40% will develop long-term complications. Current treatment recommendations solely focus on supportive care; therefore, we urgently need to identify novel and effective therapeutic options. We observed a correlation between substance P (SP), a key player in neuroinflammation, and its receptor Neurokinin-1 (NK1R). Our study in a wild-type BL6 mouse model found that SP is upregulated in the brain during infection, which correlated with neuroinvasion and damage to the blood−brain barrier. Blocking the SP/NK1R interaction beginning at disease onset modestly improved survival and prolonged time to death in …

Dependence On A Variable Residue Limits The Breadth Of An Hiv Mper Neutralizing Antibody, Despite Convergent Evolution With Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies, Cathrine Scheepers, Prudence Kgagudi, Nonkululeko Mzindle, Elin S. Gray, Thandeka Moyo-Gwete, Bronwen E. Lambson, Brent Oosthuysen, Batsirai Mabvakure, Nigel J. Garrett, Salim S.Abdool Karim, Lynn Morris, Penny L. Moore

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that target the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of HIV gp41 envelope, such as 4E10, VRC42.01 and PGZL1, can neutralize > 80 % of viruses. These three MPER-directed monoclonal antibodies share germline antibody genes (IGHV1 - 69 and IGKV3 - 20) and form a bNAb epitope class. Furthermore, convergent evolution within these two lineages towards a ^111.2GW^111.3 motif in the CDRH3 is known to enhance neutralization potency. We have previously isolated an MPER neutralizing antibody, CAP206 - CH12, that uses these same germline heavy and light chain genes but lacks breadth (neutralizing only 6 % of …

Impact Of Social Determinants Of Health On Anticoagulant Use Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Systemic Review And Meta-Analysis, Rasha Khatib, Nicole Glowacki, John Byrne, Peter Brady

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: A growing body of literature now exists examining associations between social determinants of health (SDOH) and adverse outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation; however, little is available on anticoagulant prescriptions and the impact of SDOH.

PURPOSE: Evaluate the impact of SDOH on anticoagulant prescriptions in patients with atrial fibrillation.

DATA SOURCES: Medline and Embase databases up to January 2021.

STUDY SELECTION: Noninterventional studies were included if they reported associations between at least 1 of 14 SDOH domains and anticoagulant prescription in patients with atrial fibrillation. Two investigators independently screened and collected data.

DATA EXTRACTION: Two investigators independently screened and …

Retinoic Acid Receptor Activation Reduces Metastatic Prostate Cancer Bone Lesions By Blocking The Endothelial-To-Osteoblast Transition, Guoyu Yu, Paul G Corn, Pengfei Shen, Jian H Song, Yu-Chen Lee, Song-Chang Lin, Jing Pan, Sandeep K Agarwal, Theocharis Panaretakis, Maurizio Pacifici, Christopher J Logothetis, Li-Yuan Yu-Lee, Sue-Hwa Lin

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) in the bone induces bone-forming lesions that contribute to progression and therapy resistance. PCa-induced bone originates from endothelial cells (EC) that have undergone endothelial-to-osteoblast (EC-to-OSB) transition in response to tumor-secreted BMP4. Current strategies targeting PCa-induced bone formation are lacking. Here, we show that activation of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) inhibits EC-to-OSB transition and reduces PCa-induced bone formation. Treatment with palovarotene, an RARγ agonist being tested for heterotopic ossification in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, inhibited EC-to-OSB transition and osteoblast mineralization in vitro and decreased tumor-induced bone formation and tumor growth in several osteogenic PCa models, and similar effects …

Ppm1d In Solid And Hematologic Malignancies: Friend And Foe?, Linda Zhang, Joanne I Hsu, Margaret A Goodell

Center on Aging Staff Publications

In the face of constant genomic insults, the DNA damage response (DDR) is initiated to preserve genome integrity; its disruption is a classic hallmark of cancer. Protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent 1D (PPM1D) is a central negative regulator of the DDR that is mutated or amplified in many solid cancers. PPM1D overexpression is associated with increased proliferative and metastatic behavior in multiple solid tumor types and patients with PPM1D-mutated malignancies have poorer prognoses. Recent findings have sparked an interest in the role of PPM1D in hematologic malignancies. Acquired somatic mutations may provide hematopoietic stem cells with a competitive advantage, leading to a …