Diseases Commons^™

Spatial Deconcentration Of Tourism Concentrations: A Visitors’ Galaxy Impact Model Of The Covid-19 Crisis, Jaewon Lim, Karima Kourtit, Peter Nijkamp, Christopher Stream

Public Policy and Leadership Faculty Research

This paper analyzes the impact of COVID-19 on mass tourism concentrations, such as Las Vegas. It argues that health risks and perceptions may induce a more deconcentrated pattern of mass tourism, with more geographical dispersion to rural and natural areas. The analytical framework is modeled and applied to extensive data on Las Vegas tourism. The proposition on deconcentrated tourism concentrations is confirmed. Pre-pandemic outer-inner city complementary relations between “Outdoor Activities” in 11 surrounding national parks and the “Gaming Industry” in Las Vegas have transformed into outer-inner city substitution relations in the COVID-19 pandemic. This represents the evolving deconcentration of tourism …

Atomic Structure Of The Predominant Gii4 Human Norovirus Capsid Reveals Novel Stability And Plasticity, Liya Hu, Wilhelm Salmen, Rong Chen, Yi Zhou, Frederick Neill, James E Crowe, Robert L Atmar, Mary K Estes, B V Venkataram Prasad

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) cause sporadic and epidemic viral gastroenteritis worldwide. The GII.4 variants are responsible for most HuNoV infections, and GII.4 virus-like particles (VLPs) are being used in vaccine development. The atomic structure of the GII.4 capsid in the native T = 3 state has not been determined. Here we present the GII.4 VLP structure with T = 3 symmetry determined using X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM at 3.0 Å and 3.8 Å resolution, respectively, which reveals unanticipated novel features. A novel aspect in the crystal structure determined without imposing icosahedral symmetry is the remarkable adaptability of the capsid protein VP1 …

Viral Hepatitis - The Road Traveled And The Journey Remaining, Ghulam Fareed Malik, Noval Zakaria, Muhammad Ibrahim Majeed, Faisal Wasim Ismail

Section of Gastroenterology

Hepatitis is defined as inflammation of the liver and is commonly due to infection with The hepatotropic viruses - hepatitis A, B, C, D and E. Hepatitis carries one of the highest disease burdens globally and has caused significant morbidity and mortality among different patient populations. Clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic or acute flu-like illness to acute liver failure or chronic liver disease, characterized by jaundice, hepatomegaly and ascites among many other signs. Eventually, this can lead to fibrosis (cirrhosis) of the liver parenchyma and carries a risk of development into hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B and C are most notorious …

Covid-19 Newsletter (Vol. 109), Center For Disaster Medicine, New York Medical College

COVID-19 Newsletter

No abstract provided.

An Epidemiological, Strategic And Response Analysis Of The Covid-19 Pandemic In South Asia: A Population-Based Observational Study, Hafiz Muhammad Salman, Javaria Syed, Atif Riaz, Zouina Sarfraz, Azza Sarfraz, Syed Hashim Abbas Ali Bokhari, Ivan Cherrez Ojeda

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Introduction: South Asia has had a dynamic response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The overall burden and response have remained comparable across highly-burdened countries within the South Asian Region.
Methodology: Using a population-based observational design, all eight South Asian countries were analyzed using a step-wise approach. Data were obtained from government websites and publicly-available repositories for population dynamics and key variables.
Results: South Asian countries have a younger average age of their population. Inequitable distribution of resources centered in urban metropolitan cities within South Asia is present. Certain densely populated regions in these countries have better testing and healthcare facilities …

Hyperammonemia Of Unknown Cause In A Young Postpartum Woman: A Case Report, Sadaf Hanif, Sher Muhammad Sethi

Section of Internal Medicine

Background: Hyperammonemia is a medical condition described as increased or elevated serum ammonia levels. High serum levels of ammonia can cause neurotoxicity. Sudden onset severe hyperammonemia may cause severe encephalopathy with brain damage. It can result in cerebral edema, emesis, seizures, hypotonia, and death. We report a young postpartum woman who had a sudden rise in serum ammonia levels after vaginal delivery.
Case presentation: A 24-year-old, married, postpartum Pakistani woman was admitted to the intensive care unit through the emergency department, with complaints of fever, severe abdominal pain with distension, and altered levels of consciousness. The patient had a medical …

Glynac (Glycine And N-Acetylcysteine) Supplementation In Mice Increases Length Of Life By Correcting Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Abnormalities In Mitophagy And Nutrient Sensing, And Genomic Damage, Premranjan Kumar, Ob W Osahon, Rajagopal V Sekhar

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Determinants of length of life are not well understood, and therefore increasing lifespan is a challenge. Cardinal theories of aging suggest that oxidative stress (OxS) and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to the aging process, but it is unclear if they could also impact lifespan. Glutathione (GSH), the most abundant intracellular antioxidant, protects cells from OxS and is necessary for maintaining mitochondrial health, but GSH levels decline with aging. Based on published human studies where we found that supplementing glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) improved/corrected GSH deficiency, OxS and mitochondrial dysfunction, we hypothesized that GlyNAC supplementation could increase longevity. We tested our hypothesis …

Depletion Of Transmembrane Mucin 4 (Muc4) Alters Intestinal Homeostasis In A Genetically Engineered Mouse Model Of Colorectal Cancer, Ramesh Pothuraju, Priya Pai, Sanjib Chaudhary, Jawed A Siddiqui, Jesse L Cox, Sukhwinder Kaur, Satyanarayana Rachagani, Hemant K Roy, Michael Bouvet, Surinder K Batra

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Mucins are components of the mucus layer overlying the intestinal epithelial cells, which maintains physiological homeostasis. Altered mucin expression is associated with disease progression. Expression of MUC4 decreases in colorectal cancer (CRC); however, its functional role and implications in the intestinal pathology in CRC are not studied well. Therefore, we generated a genetically engineered Muc4 knockout (Muc4-/-) CRC mouse model by crossing with Muc4-/- and Apc^flox/flox mice in the presence of colon-specific inducible Cre. We observed that deficiency of Muc4 results in an increased number of macroscopic tumors in the colon and rectal region and leads to poor survival. …

Knowledge And Practices On The Prevention And Management Of Diarrhea In Children Under-2 Years Among Women Dwelling In Urban Slums Of Karachi, Pakistan, Asif Khaliq, Amreen 1, Nazia Jameel, Stefanie J. Krauth

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death especially among children. The age-proportionate mortality of diarrheal disease in infants under 2 years is 72%, among children under 5 years of age. Children living in urban slums are more prone to develop diarrhea. Although the disease can be prevented by many simple cost-effective interventions, i.e. proper sanitation and hygiene, appropriate feeding, and timely vaccination, poverty and lack of basic life amenities often potentiate diarrhea mortality. Gadap town is the largest town of Karachi with a deprived health system. This study aims to assess pediatric diarrhea prevalence and related knowledge-practice gaps …

Oral Susceptibility To Ivermectin Is Over Fifty Times Greater In A Wild Population Of Anopheles Albimanus Mosquitoes From Belize Than The Stecla Laboratory Reference Strain Of This Mosquito, Staci M. Dreyer, Kelsey J. Morin, Marla Magaña, Marie Pott, Donovan Leiva, Nicole L. Achee, John P. Grieco, Jefferson A. Vaughan

Biology Faculty Publications

Background

The STECLA strain of Anopheles albimanus has been in continuous colony for many years and is the reference strain on which genomic studies for the species are based. Recently, the STECLA strain was demonstrated to be much less susceptible to ivermectin ingested in a blood meal (4-day LC50 of 1468 ng/ml) than all other Anopheles species tested to-date (LC50 values range from 7 to 56 ng/ml). The ability of An. albimanus to survive ingestion of ivermectin at concentrations far beyond that typically found in the blood of ivermectin-treated people or livestock (i.e., 30–70 ng/ml) could invalidate the use of …

Coronavirus Update 3-3-22, The Coronavirus Planning Team

University Briefings & Virtual Events

We have scheduled a booster clinic on campus on Saturday.

We want to remind you to make sure you have picked up your at-home COVID test before you leave for break. Please take the test the morning that you first plan to return to campus.

Covid-19 In Cns And Pns: Basic And Clinical Focus On The Mechanisms Of Infection And New Tools For The Therapeutic Approach, Jorge Matias-Guiu, Jordi A. Matias-Guiu, Carmen Garrido, Genaro Pimienta, Patricio F. Reyes, Abdul Mannan Baig, Ulises Gomez-Pinedo

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Increased Inflammatory Low-Density Neutrophils In Severe Obesity And Effect Of Bariatric Surgery: Results From Case-Control And Prospective Cohort Studies, Maria Dulfary Sanchez-Pino, William S. Richardson, Jovanny Zabaleta, Ramesh Thylur Puttalingaiah, Andrew G. Chapple, Jiao Liu, Yonghyan Kim, Michelle Ponder, Randi Dearmitt, Lyndsey Buckner Baiamonte, Dorota Wyczechowska, Liqin Zheng, Amir A. Al-Khami, Jone Garai, Rachel Martini, Melissa Davis, Jessica Koller Gorham, James B. Wooldridge, Paulo C. Rodriguez, Lucio Miele, Augusto C. Ochoa

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Low-density neutrophils (LDN) are increased in several inflammatory diseases and may also play a role in the low-grade chronic inflammation associated with obesity. Here we explored their role in obesity, determined their gene signatures, and assessed the effect of bariatric surgery. Methods: We compared the number, function, and gene expression profiles of circulating LDN in morbidly obese patients (MOP, n=27; body mass index (BMI) > 40 Kg/m2) and normal-weight controls (NWC, n=20; BMI < 25 Kg/m2) in a case-control study. Additionally, in a prospective longitudinal study, we measured changes in the frequency of LDN after bariatric surgery (n=36) and tested for associations with metabolic and inflammatory parameters. Findings: LDN and inflammatory markers were significantly increased in MOP compared to NWC. Transcriptome analysis showed increased neutrophil-related gene expression signatures associated with inflammation, neutrophil activation, and immunosuppressive function. However, LDN did not suppress T cells proliferation and produced low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Circulating LDN in MOP significantly decreased after bariatric surgery in parallel with BMI, metabolic syndrome, and inflammatory markers. Interpretation: Obesity increases LDN displaying an inflammatory gene signature. Our results suggest that LDN may represent a neutrophil subset associated with chronic inflammation, a feature of obesity that has been previously associated with the appearance and progression of co-morbidities. Furthermore, bariatric surgery, as an efficient therapy for severe obesity, reduces LDN in circulation and improves several components of the metabolic syndrome supporting its recognized anti-inflammatory and beneficial metabolic effects. Funding: This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH; 5P30GM114732-02, P20CA233374 – A. Ochoa and L. Miele), Pennington Biomedical NORC (P30DK072476 – E. Ravussin & LSU-NO Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center and Louisiana Clinical and Translational Science Center (LACaTS; U54-GM104940 – J. Kirwan).

Conventional Therapies Deplete Brain-Infiltrating Adaptive Immune Cells In A Mouse Model Of Group 3 Medulloblastoma Implicating Myeloid Cells As Favorable Immunotherapy Targets, Zahra Abbas, Courtney George, Mathew Ancliffe, Meegan Howlett, Anya C. Jones, Mani Kuchibhotla, Robert J. Wechsler-Reya, Nicholas G. Gottardo, Raelene Endersby

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Medulloblastoma is the most common childhood brain cancer. Mainstay treatments of radiation and chemotherapy have not changed in decades and new treatment approaches are crucial for the improvement of clinical outcomes. To date, immunotherapies for medulloblastoma have been unsuccessful, and studies investigating the immune microenvironment of the disease and the impact of current therapies are limited. Preclinical models that recapitulate both the disease and immune environment are essential for understanding immune-tumor interactions and to aid the identification of new and effective immunotherapies. Using an immune-competent mouse model of aggressive Myc-driven medulloblastoma, we characterized the brain immune microenvironment and changes induced …

Association Between Diagnosed Anxiety And Depression And Exposure To Life Stressors During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Emily Hallgren Phd, Don E. Willis Phd, Brett Rowland Ma, James P. Selig Phd, Pearl A. Mcelfish Phd

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Research suggests that mental health disorders heighten the risk of exposure to life stressors. Drawing on a sample of 754 adults from a survey distributed at six primary care clinics, we examine whether adults who reported ever being diagnosed with depression or anxiety were more likely to experience an employment disruption, a housing disruption, and/or report more COVID-19-related stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals who reported ever being diagnosed with depression reported a greater burden (B=.75) of COVID-19-related stressors. Those who reported ever being diagnosed with anxiety had higher odds of experiencing an employment disruption (OR=1.90) and a housing disruption …

Perceptions Of Physical Therapy Clinicians Regarding The Impact Of Covid 19 On Patients’ Mental Health, Brandy Chase, Amy L. Barnett

Faculty Articles & Research

• Research shows that the COVID 19 outbreak can negatively affect a person’s mental health, especially those at a higher risk with debilitating conditions (Javed, Sarwer, & Soto, 2020).
• This alludes to the need to take a closer look at the impact of COVID 19 on physical therapy patients and the amount of mental health training needed by physical therapy clinicians.

Covid-19 Newsletter (Vol. 108), Center For Disaster Medicine, New York Medical College

COVID-19 Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Leveraging Structured And Unstructured Electronic Health Record Data To Detect Reasons For Suboptimal Statin Therapy Use In Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, Glenn T. Gobbel, Michael E. Matheny, Ruth R. Reeves, Julia M. Akeroyd, Alexander Turchin, Christie M. Ballantyne, Laura A. Petersen, Salim S. Virani

Office of the Provost

Objective: To determine whether natural language processing (NLP) of unstructured medical text can improve identification of ASCVD patients not using high-intensity statin therapy (HIST) due to statin-associated side effects (SASEs) and other reasons.
Methods: Reviewers annotated reasons for not prescribing HIST in notes of 1152 randomly selected patients from across the VA healthcare system treated for ASCVD but not receiving HIST. Developers used reviewer annotations to train the Canary NLP tool to detect and extract notes containing one or more of these reasons. Negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity, specificity and Area Under the Curve (AUC) were used to assess accuracy …

Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease In U.S. Adults-A Population-Level Analysis In The National Health Interview Survey, Khurram Nasir, Isaac Acquah, Amit K. Dey, Tanushree Agrawal, Syed Zawahir Hassan, Kerri Glassner, Bincy Abraham, Eamonn M M. Quigley, Ron Blankstein, Salim S. Virani

Office of the Provost

Objectives: To evaluate the association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and whether this association is modified by age or sex.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the 2015-2016 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The exposure of interest was self-reported IBD. The outcome of interest was prevalent ASCVD, which included a history of angina, myocardial infarction or stroke. We used survey-specific descriptive statistics to obtain weighted national estimates for IBD and ASCVD prevalence. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between IBD and ASCVD, progressively adjusting for demographics and traditional risk …

Tirofiban And Rivaroxaban Use In The Management Of Right Coronary Artery Thrombus As A Primary Manifestation Of Essential Thrombocythemia, Muhummad Nasir Rahman, Maleeha Javed

Section of Cardiology

A 45 year old male with hypertension was presented to our centre with a recent inferior wall myocardial infarction (IWMI) and post infarction angina. Invasive coronary angiography revealed an occluded proximal right coronary artery (RCA) with high thrombus burden, in the absence of obstructive disease in the remaining coronary vasculature. Based on raised platelet counts of 923,000/microliter and positive Janus kinase (JAK 2- V617) mutations tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a diagnosis of essential thrombocythemia (ET) was made. A therapeutic strategy of aspiration thrombectomy along with I/V Tirofiban was used for three days, followed by reassessed angiogram and percutaneous …

Utilization And Validation Of The Global Leadership Initiative On Malnutrition (Glim): A Scoping Review., Maria Isabel T D Correia, Kelly A Tappenden, Ainsley Malone, Carla M Prado, David C Evans, Abby C Sauer, Refaat Hegazi, Leah Gramlich

Ambulatory and Primary Care Articles

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The diagnosis of malnutrition remains a significant challenge despite various published diagnostic criteria. In 2018, the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) published a set of evidence-based criteria as a framework for malnutrition diagnosis in adults. A scoping review was conducted to understand how the GLIM criteria have been used in published literature and compare the reported validation methods to published validation guidance.

METHODS: Dialog and Dimensions databases were searched by publication date (January 1, 2019, through January 29, 2021). Data were extracted and mapped to the research objectives.

RESULTS: Seventy-nine studies were reviewed; 32% were in …

Use Of Steroids In Covid-19 Patients: What Is Known?, Syed Muhammad Mustahsan, Marzia Tahir, Emaduddin Siddiqui

Department of Emergency Medicine

COVID-19 pandemic has exaggerated the role of steroids in the standard of care despite minimum direct evidence of their efficacy in COVID-19 patients and their well-known adverse effects. The literature abounds on the side effects of steroids affecting different organ systems of the body. COVID-19 patients, who are on long-term steroids, are more susceptible to their adverse effects. We, herein, briefly review the potential uses and the adverse effects of steroids on different organ systems of the body. Key Words: Steroids, COVID-19, Adverse effects.

Radiation Doses In Patients Undergoing Computed Tomographic Coronary Artery Calcium Evaluation With A 64-Slice Scanner Versus A 256-Slice Scanner, Paul Madaj, Dong Li, Rine Nakanishi, Daniele Andreini, Gianluca Pontone, Edoardo Conte, Rachael O'Rourke, Christian Hamilton-Craig, Manojna Nimmagadda, Nicholas Kim, Badiha Fatima, Christopher Dailing, Kashif Shaikh, Chandana Shekar, Ju Hwan Lee, Matthew J Budoff

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

Computed tomographic coronary artery calcium scanning enables cardiovascular risk stratification; however, exposing patients to high radiation levels is an ongoing concern. New-generation computed tomographic systems use lower radiation doses than older systems do. To quantify comparative doses of radiation exposure, we prospectively acquired images from 220 patients with use of a 64-slice GE LightSpeed VCT scanner (control group, n=110) and a 256-slice GE Revolution scanner (study group, n=110). The groups were matched for age, sex, and body mass index; statistical analysis included t tests and linear regression.

The mean dose-length product was 21% lower in the study group than in …

Clonal Hematopoiesis Is Associated With Higher Risk Of Stroke, Romit Bhattacharya, Seyedeh M Zekavat, Jeffrey Haessler, Myriam Fornage, Laura Raffield, Md Mesbah Uddin, Alexander G Bick, Abhishek Niroula, Bing Yu, Christopher Gibson, Gabriel Griffin, Alanna C Morrison, Bruce M Psaty, William T Longstreth, Joshua C Bis, Stephen S Rich, Jerome I Rotter, Russell P Tracy, Adolfo Correa, Sudha Seshadri, Andrew Johnson, Jason M Collins, Kathleen M Hayden, Tracy E Madsen, Christie M Ballantyne, Siddhartha Jaiswal, Benjamin L Ebert, Charles Kooperberg, Joann E Manson, Eric A Whitsel, Nhlbi Trans-Omics For Precision Medicine Program, Pradeep Natarajan, Alexander P Reiner

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background and purpose: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a novel age-related risk factor for cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality. The association of CHIP with risk of incident ischemic stroke was reported previously in an exploratory analysis including a small number of incident stroke cases without replication and lack of stroke subphenotyping. The purpose of this study was to discover whether CHIP is a risk factor for ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke.

Methods: We utilized plasma genome sequence data of blood DNA to identify CHIP in 78 752 individuals from 8 prospective cohorts and biobanks. We then assessed the association …

Fungi: Friend Or Foe? A Mycobiome Evaluation In Children With Autism And Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Jane Alookaran, Yuying Liu, Thomas A Auchtung, Amirali Tahanan, Manouchehr Hessabi, Parisa Asgarisabet, Mohammad H Rahbar, Nicole Y Fatheree, Deborah A Pearson, Rosleen Mansour, Melissa R Van Arsdall, Fernando Navarro, J Marc Rhoads

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms often affect children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and GI symptoms have been associated with an abnormal fecal microbiome. There is limited evidence of Candida species being more prevalent in children with ASD. We enrolled 20 children with ASD and GI symptoms (ASD + GI), 10 children with ASD but no GI symptoms (ASD - GI), and 20 from typically developing (TD) children in this pilot study. Fecal mycobiome taxa were analyzed by Internal Transcribed Spacer sequencing. GI symptoms (GI Severity Index [GSI]), behavioral symptoms (Social Responsiveness Scale -2 [SRS-2]), inflammation and fungal immunity (fecal calprotectin and …

Type 2 Diabetes Partitioned Polygenic Scores Associate With Disease Outcomes In 454,193 Individuals Across 13 Cohorts, Daniel Dicorpo, Jessica Leclair, Joanne B Cole, Chloé Sarnowski, Fariba Ahmadizar, Lawrence F Bielak, Anneke Blokstra, Erwin P Bottinger, Layal Chaker, Yii-Der I Chen, Ye Chen, Paul S De Vries, Tariq Faquih, Mohsen Ghanbari, Valborg Gudmundsdottir, Xiuqing Guo, Natalie R Hasbani, Dorina Ibi, M Arfan Ikram, Maryam Kavousi, Hampton L Leonard, Aaron Leong, Josep M Mercader, Alanna C Morrison, Girish N Nadkarni, Mike A Nalls, Raymond Noordam, Michael Preuss, Jennifer A Smith, Stella Trompet, Petra Vissink, Jie Yao, Wei Zhao, Eric Boerwinkle, Mark O Goodarzi, Vilmundur Gudnason, J Wouter Jukema, Sharon L R Kardia, Ruth J F Loos, Ching-Ti Liu, Alisa K Manning, Dennis Mook-Kanamori, James S Pankow, H Susan J Picavet, Naveed Sattar, Eleanor M Simonsick, W M Monique Verschuren, Ko Willems Van Dijk, Jose C Florez, Jerome I Rotter, James B Meigs, Josée Dupuis, Miriam S Udler

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has heterogeneous patient clinical characteristics and outcomes. In previous work, we investigated the genetic basis of this heterogeneity by clustering 94 T2D genetic loci using their associations with 47 diabetes-related traits and identified five clusters, termed β-cell, proinsulin, obesity, lipodystrophy, and liver/lipid. The relationship between these clusters and individual-level metabolic disease outcomes has not been assessed.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Here we constructed individual-level partitioned polygenic scores (pPS) for these five clusters in 12 studies from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium and the UK Biobank (n = 454,193) …

Continuous Thoracic Paravertebral Block To Treat Electrical Storm, Daryl I Smith, Sarah A Kralovic, Rafeek A Hegazy, Hai Tran

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

Continuous ganglion block is increasingly being used to help manage ventricular tachyarrhythmias. We present the cases of 2 patients in whom we used continuous left thoracic paravertebral block to achieve sympathetic denervation and improvement in drug-refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Whether as destination therapy or bridging therapy, we conclude that the block is safe, improves patients' comfort, and is superior in several ways to stellate ganglion block and other single-injection techniques.

Artificial Intelligence In Cardiovascular Medicine: Historical Overview, Current Status, And Future Directions, Zvonimir Krajcer

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

Artificial intelligence and machine learning are rapidly gaining popularity in every aspect of our daily lives, and cardiovascular medicine is no exception. Here, we provide physicians with an overview of the past, present, and future of artificial intelligence applications in cardiovascular medicine. We describe essential and powerful examples of machine-learning applications in industry and elsewhere. Finally, we discuss the latest technologic advances, as well as the benefits and limitations of artificial intelligence and machine learning in cardiovascular medicine.

Silent Kawasaki Disease Affecting Multiple Coronary Arteries In A 39-Year-Old Egyptian Woman, Hamdy Singab, Gamal Sami, Mahmoud Tag El Sabah

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

Kawasaki disease, an acute febrile illness, can cause vasculitis in the coronary arteries. It is the chief acquired cause of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death in infants, children, and young adults in developed countries. We report a case of chronic, silent Kawasaki disease complicated by multivessel thrombosis in a 39-year-old Egyptian woman. The patient presented with progressive, unstable angina but was otherwise asymptomatic and at negligible risk of ischemic heart disease. Coronary angiograms showed critical arterial stenosis with multiple aneurysms. During revascularization surgery, the patient's harvested left internal mammary artery was found to have occlusive lesions and aneurysmal areas …

Younger Age Of Stroke In Low-Middle Income Countries Is Related To Healthcare Access And Quality, Mohammad H Rahbar, Martin Medrano, Franck Diaz-Garelli, Cosme Gonzalez Villaman, Sepideh Saroukhani, Sori Kim, Amirali Tahanan, Yahaira Franco, Gelanys Castro-Tejada, Sarah A Diaz, Manouchehr Hessabi, Sean I Savitz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality globally with higher burden and younger age in low-middle income countries (LMICs) than high-income countries (HICs). However, it is unclear to what extent differences in healthcare access and quality (HAQ) and prevalence of risk factors between LMICs and HICs contribute to younger age of stroke in LMICs. In this systematic review, we conducted meta-analysis of 67 articles and compared the mean age of stroke between LMICs and HICs, before and after adjusting for HAQ index. We also compared the prevalence of main stroke risk factors between HICs and LMICs. The unadjusted mean …