Diseases Commons^™

Human Papillomavirus-Associated Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions In Men Who Have Sex With Men And Transgender Women Living With And Without Hiv In Karachi Pakistan: Implications For Screening And Prevention, Muslima Ejaz, Muhammad Mubarak, Tazeen Saeed Ali, Sören Andersson, Anna Mia Ekström

Community Health Sciences

Background: Anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASIL), strongly related to human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, is more prevalent among men who have sex with men (MSM). However, no such data are available for Pakistan yet, and neither HPV vaccination nor anal-cytology screening is implemented in Pakistan. The purpose of this first ever study was to assess the prevalence of HPV-related anal cytological abnormalities among MSM and transgender women living with and without HIV infection in Pakistan.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study from March 2016 to November 2017 at sexual health centers run by the Perwaaz Trust and the National AIDS …

Insights Into Using Plants In Management Of Viral Diseases., Vyacheslav Dushenkov, Anna Dushenkov

Publications and Research

Botanical therapeutics possess a unique potential in the treatment of viral diseases. The pharmacological base and clinical use of botanical therapeutics have been extensively reviewed. The mode of action(s) may be built either on the direct interference with the virus's ability to enter human cells, virus replication, or exerting immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. The adjuvant treatment with botanical therapeutics has the potential to result in advances in symptom resolution, decrease in disease burden and shortening its duration.

Evaluating The Efficacy Of Automated Smoking Treatment For People With Hiv: Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial, Damon J Vidrine, Thanh C Bui, Michael S Businelle, Ya-Chen Tina Shih, Steven K Sutton, Lokesh Shahani, Diana Stewart Hoover, Kristina Bowles, Jennifer I Vidrine

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Smoking prevalence rates among people with HIV are nearly 3 times higher than those in the general population. Nevertheless, few smoking cessation trials targeting smokers with HIV have been reported in the literature. Efforts to develop and evaluate sustainable, low-cost, and evidence-based cessation interventions for people with HIV are needed. Given the widespread proliferation of mobile phones, the potential of using mobile health apps to improve the reach and efficacy of cessation interventions is promising, but evidence of efficacy is lacking, particularly among people with HIV.

OBJECTIVE: This study will consist of a 2-group randomized controlled trial to evaluate …

Resuscitation Quality Improvement Mortality Rates, Jordan Priest

Dissertations

This paper explores and answers the question: What is the impact of Resuscitation Quality Improvement on survival at discharge rates after suffering an IHCA when compared to every two-year BLS/ACLS training? Articles are explored that identify positive patients’ outcomes when resuscitation training is repetitively learned. The design consists of a BLS/ACLS and RQI evaluation of quarterly survival to discharge rates prior to the initiation of the new RQI program and after the initiation of the new RQI program. The setting of the study is the east region of a midwestern faith-based health care system, that includes four hospitals in one …

Coronavirus Update 11-16-21, The Coronavirus Planning Team

University Briefings & Virtual Events

We want to take a moment to thank you and congratulate you for the attention you have paid to the Pioneer Promise this semester. As a result, our COVID numbers have been low (as of today we have one active case in our community) and we have been able to gather and hold many events that we missed out on last year.

Covid-19 Newsletter (Vol. 95), Center For Disaster Medicine, New York Medical College

COVID-19 Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Geriatric Emergency Medicine Fellowship Journal Club: Frailty, Sarah Keene, Rebecca Fisher, Lauren Cameron-Comasco

Journal of Geriatric Emergency Medicine

No abstract provided.

Posttranslational Modifications In Pd-L1 Turnover And Function: From Cradle To Grave, Xinfang Yu, Wei Li, Ken H Young, Yong Li

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is one of the most classic immune checkpoint molecules. Cancer cells express PD-L1 to inhibit the activity of effector T cells' cytotoxicity through programmed death 1 (PD-1) engagement in exposure to inflammatory cytokines. PD-L1 expression levels on cancer cells might affect the clinical response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. Hence, understanding molecular mechanisms for regulating PD-L1 expression is essential for improving the clinical response rate and efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation, regulate PD-L1 stability, cellular translocation, and interaction with its receptor. A coordinated positive and negative regulation via PTMs is …

Which Outcomes Are Most Important To Measure In Patients With Covid-19 And How And When Should These Be Measured? Development Of An International Standard Set Of Outcomes Measures For Clinical Use In Patients With Covid-19: A Report Of The International Consortium For Health Outcomes Measurement (Ichom) Covid-19 Working Group, William H. Seligman, Luz Fialho, Nick Sillett, Christina Nielsen, Farhala Mari Baloch, Philip Collis, Ingel K M. Demedts, Marcelo P. Fleck, Maiara A. Floriani, Nasreen Muhammad

Section of Cardiology

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in widespread morbidity and mortality with the consequences expected to be felt for many years. Significant variation exists in the care even of similar patients with COVID-19, including treatment practices within and between institutions. Outcome measures vary among clinical trials on the same therapies. Understanding which therapies are of most value is not possible unless consensus can be reached on which outcomes are most important to measure. Furthermore, consensus on the most important outcomes may enable patients to monitor and track their care, and may help providers to improve the care they offer through …

Conflict, Extremism, Resilience And Peace In South Asia; Can Covid-19 Provide A Bridge For Peace And Rapprochement?, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Arun Mitra, Afsah Salman, Fawad Akbari, Suraya Dalil, Fyezah Jehan, Mushtaque Chowdhury, Saroj Jayasinghe, Purnima Menon, Samiran Nundy

Institute for Global Health and Development

Abstract, issue, and pagination are not provided by the author/publisher

Modeling, Analysis And Simulation Of Covid-19 Interaction Dynamics Between Local Community In Saudi Arabia And Visiting Sub-Population, Manal Badgaish, Padmanabhan Seshaiyer

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

Using Parameter Estimation For Mathematical Model Predicting Pediatric Scd Pain, Quindel Jones

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

Mathematical Model For Understanding The Spread Of Covid-19 In Saudi Arabia With Access To Vaccination, Maha Alshabrawi

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

Same Evidence, Varying Viewpoints: Three Questions Illustrating Important Differences Between United States And European Cholesterol Guideline Recommendations, David I. Feldman, Erin D. Michos, Neil J. Stone, Ty J. Gluckman, Miguel Cainzos-Achirica, Salim S. Virani, Roger S. Blumenthal

Office of the Provost

In 2018, the AHA/ACC Multisociety Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol was released. Less than one year later, the 2019 ESC/EAS Dyslipidemia Guideline was published. While both provide important recommendations for managing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk through lipid management, differences exist. Prior to the publication of both guidelines, important randomized clinical trial data emerged on non-statin lipid lowering therapy and ASCVD risk reduction. To illustrate important differences in guideline recommendations, we use this data to help answer three key questions: 1) Are ASCVD event rates similar in high-risk primary and stable secondary prevention? 2) Does imaging evidence of …

Mathematical Modeling And Analysis Of Covid-19 Epidemic With Vaccination, Caitlin Seibel, Tina Huang, Jackson Reisman, Erika Johanna Martinez Salinas, Viswanathan Arunachalam, Moatlhodi Kgosimore, Anuj Mubayi, Padmanabhan Seshaiyer, Allen Bone Sehunelo

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

A Rare Combination Of Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava And Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return, Sang Lee, Bishoy Elbebawy, Neena Joy, George Demosthenes, William Deluccia

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

A persistent left superior vena cava (LSCV) is a form of anomalous venous drainage of the superior vena cava into the left atrium. We present a case of LSCV and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) in a patient with progressively worsening dyspnea on exertion. A 57-year-old female with a history of aortic valve stenosis, and tobacco abuse presented with dyspnea on exertion for 4 days. On presentations her vitals were unremarkable except elevated blood pressure and oxygen saturation of 94% on 5L oxygen. Physical exam was pertinent for 3/6 crescendo-decrescendo murmur with a radiation to the right carotid, mild …

A Rare Case Of Severe Amlodipine-Induced Gingival Overgrowth: A Case Report, Marika Shahid, Yong W. Lee, Gande Li, Chisom Mogbo, Roger Vega

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

Gingival overgrowth, or gingival hyperplasia is the hypertrophy of periodontium caused by local systemic diseases or medications. These medications can be broadly categorized into three main groups including immunosuppressants, anticonvulsants, and calcium channel blockers (CCBs). Amlodipine-induced gingival overgrowth (AIGO) is a less documented phenomenon. This is a unique case of 68-year-old African American woman who developed severe AIGH after taking amlodipine for three years for essential hypertension. The gingival overgrowth happened over a period of two weeks and was so extreme that the patient was unable to approximate her lips or tolerate any oral intake. Labs, images, and biopsies were …

Community And Provider Acceptability Of The Covid-19 Vaccine: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Christian Akem Dimala, Benjamin Momo Kadia, Hai Nguyen, Anthony Donato

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

Background:

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccines may help control the current pandemic but would require immunization levels that would achieve herd immunity. This study aimed to quantify current COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates, as well as characterize the determinants, enablers and barriers to vaccine acceptability across the globe by synthesizing published evidence.

Methods:

A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies was performed on studies assessing the acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine published between November 1^st, 2019, and November 30^th, 2020. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane central were searched for eligible studies. Data extracted from retained studies was …

Diabetes Mellitus Correlates With Increased Biological Age As Indicated By Clinical Biomarkers, Nadine Bahour, Briana Cortez, Hui Pan, Hetal Shah, Alessandro Doria, Cristina Aguayo‑Mazzucato

School of Medicine Publications

Chronological age (CA) is determined by time of birth, whereas biological age (BA) is based on changes on a cellular level and strongly correlates with morbidity, mortality, and longevity. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) associates with increased morbidity and mortality; thus, we hypothesized that BA would be increased and calculated it from biomarkers collected at routine clinical visits. Deidentified data was obtained from three cohorts of patients (20-80 years old)-T2D, type 1 diabetes (T1D), and prediabetes-and compared to gender- and age-matched non-diabetics. Eight clinical biomarkers that correlated with CA in people without diabetes were used to calculate BA using the Klemera …

Mapk6-Akt Signaling Promotes Tumor Growth And Resistance To Mtor Kinase Blockade, Qinbo Cai, Wolong Zhou, Wei Wang, Bingning Dong, Dong Han, Tao Shen, Chad J Creighton, David D Moore, Feng Yang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MAPK6) is an atypical MAPK. Its function in regulating cancer growth remains elusive. Here, we reported that MAPK6 directly activated AKT and induced oncogenic outcomes. MAPK6 interacted with AKT through its C34 region and the C-terminal tail and phosphorylated AKT at S473 independent of mTORC2, the major S473 kinase. mTOR kinase inhibitors have not made notable progress in the clinic. Our identified MAPK6-AKT axis may provide a major resistance pathway. Besides repressing growth, inhibiting MAPK6 sensitized cancer cells to mTOR kinase inhibitors. MAPK6 overexpression is associated with decreased overall survival and the survival of patients with …

Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Misdiagnosed As Smear Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis; A Retrospective Study From Pakistan, Nousheen Iqbal, Muhammad Dawood Amir Sheikh, Kauser Jabeen, Safia Awan, Muhammad Irfan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

Background: Undiagnosed allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) can lead to chronic persistent symptoms. In country like Pakistan where tuberculosis (TB) is endemic, a significant proportion of ABPA patients are misdiagnosed as smear negative TB before reaching a diagnosis of ABPA due to chronicity of symptoms.This lead to empiric use of ATT(Anti-tuberculous therapy) and delay in primary diagnosis. The aim of the study is to determine such proportion of ABPA patients.|
Material and methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the outpatient pulmonology clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan from January 2017 to December 2018. Xpert MTB/Rif, TB smear …

Shared Decision Making And Patient Reported Outcomes Among Adults With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2006-2015, Victor Okunrintemi, Javier Valero-Elizondo, Neil J. Stone, Ron Blankstein, Michael J. Blaha, Martha Gulati, Salim S. Virani, William A. Zoghbi, Erin D. Michos, Khurram Nasir

Office of the Provost

Importance: Shared decision-making (SDM), one of the pillars of patient centered care is strongly encouraged and has been incorporated into the management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) but the expansion of its use has been limited.
Objective: To determine the association of SDM on patient-reported health status, measures of quality of care, healthcare resource utilization, and healthcare spending among US adults with ASCVD.
Method: This is a retrospective cohort study in an ambulatory setting, utilizing the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) 2006-2015. Analysis completed in December 2020. Participants included were adults 18 years and over with a diagnosis of ASCVD. …

Coronavirus Update 11-9-21, The Coronavirus Planning Team

University Briefings & Virtual Events

Pre-holiday Testing: We are offering the opportunity to be tested for those who want to ensure they are negative before traveling home.

Type Vi Secretion System Mutations Reduced Competitive Fitness Of Classical Vibrio Cholerae Biotype, Benjamin Kostiuk, Francis J. Santoriello, Laura Diaz-Satizabal, Fabiana Bisaro, Kyung-Jo Lee, Anna N. Dhody, Daniele Provenzano, Daniel Unterweger, Stefan Pukatzki

Publications and Research

The gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of the diarrhoeal disease cholera and is responsible for seven recorded pandemics. Several factors are postulated to have led to the decline of 6th pandemic classical strains and the rise of El Tor biotype V. cholerae, establishing the current 7th pandemic. We investigated the ability of classical V. cholerae of the 2nd and 6th pandemics to engage their type six secretion system (T6SS) in microbial competition against non-pandemic and 7th pandemic strains. We report that classical V. cholerae underwent sequential mutations in T6SS genetic determinants that initially exposed 2nd pandemic strains …

Covid-19 Newsletter (Vol. 94), Center For Disaster Medicine, New York Medical College

COVID-19 Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Trends In The Incidence Of Early-Onset Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Among Black And White Us Residents Aged 40 To 49 Years, 2000-2017., Eric M Montminy, Meijiao Zhou, Lauren Maniscalco, Harrison Penrose, Timothy Yen, Swati G Patel, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Jordan J Karlitz

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

Key Points: Question: What are the trends in early-onset colorectal cancer incidence rates when people aged 40 to 49 years are assessed specifically and stratification by race, sex, and adenocarcinoma histology (the target of screening and prevention) is performed? Findings: In this cross-sectional study of 45 429 individuals aged 40 to 49 years with colorectal adenocarcinoma from 2000 to 2017, beginning in 2014, overall colorectal adenocarcinoma incidence rates were the same in Black and White populations, and rectal adenocarcinoma rates were 39.3% lower in Black individuals compared with White individuals with a widening disparity in rectal cancer between Black women …

Candida Albicans Elicits Protective Allergic Responses Via Platelet Mediated T Helper 2 And T Helper 17 Cell Polarization, Yifan Wu, Zhimin Zeng, Yubiao Guo, Lizhen Song, Jill E Weatherhead, Xinyan Huang, Yuying Zeng, Lynn Bimler, Cheng-Yen Chang, John M Knight, Christian Valladolid, Hua Sun, Miguel A Cruz, Bernhard Hube, Julian R Naglik, Amber U Luong, Farrah Kheradmand, David B Corry

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Fungal airway infection (airway mycosis) is an important cause of allergic airway diseases such as asthma, but the mechanisms by which fungi trigger asthmatic reactions are poorly understood. Here, we leverage wild-type and mutant Candida albicans to determine how this common fungus elicits characteristic Th2 and Th17 cell-dependent allergic airway disease in mice. We demonstrate that rather than proteinases that are essential virulence factors for molds, C. albicans instead promoted allergic airway disease through the peptide toxin candidalysin. Candidalysin activated platelets through the Von Willebrand factor (VWF) receptor GP1bα to release the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) to drive Th2 and …

Role Of Aim2 Inflammasome In Pulmonary Host Defense Against Staphylococcus Aureus-Induced Pneumonia, Bibek Dhakal

LSU Master's Theses

Bacterial pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children under the age of five, claiming the lives of two million children each year. Staphylococcus aureus is the extracellular Gram-positive bacteria that causes necrotizing pneumonia. Moreover, the spread of antibiotic-resistant and hypervirulent strains has made treatment more challenging. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is a dsDNA-sensing cytosolic innate immune receptor that activates inflammasomes and is crucial for host defense against intracellular bacteria and DNA viruses. However, its role in extracellular bacterial pathogen-induced pneumonia is unclear. Therefore, understanding how AIM2 initiates host responses during Staphylococcus aureus is crucial for the development …

Apoe Gene Associated With Cholesterol-Related Traits In The Hispanic Population, Stephanie Lozano, Victoria I. Padilla, Manuel Lee Avila, Mario Gil, Gladys E. Maestre, Kesheng Wang, Chun Xu

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Genetic variants in the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene are associated with lipid metabolism and lipid-related traits in the non-Hispanic population. There have been limited studies regarding the association between the APOE gene and hypercholesterolemia in the Hispanic population; therefore, our aim for this study is to examine the APOE gene’s associations with cholesterol level and its related phenotypes. The APOE gene consists of three different alleles, ε2, ε3, and ε4, with ε4 being associated with dementia and cardiovascular diseases. A total of 1,382 subjects were collected from the Texas Alzheimer’s Research and Care Consortium (TARCC, N = 1320) and the …

Identification Of An Atp/P2x7/Mast Cell Pathway Mediating Ozone-Induced Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness, Xiaomei Kong, William C Bennett, Corey M Jania, Kelly D Chason, Zachary German, Jennifer Adouli, Samuel D Budney, Brandon T Oby, Catharina Van Heusden, Eduardo R Lazarowski, Ilona Jaspers, Scott H Randell, Barry A Hedgespeth, Glenn Cruse, Xiaoyang Hua, Stephen A Schworer, Gregory J Smith, Samir Np Kelada, Stephen L Tilley

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Ozone is a highly reactive environmental pollutant with well-recognized adverse effects on lung health. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is one consequence of ozone exposure, particularly for individuals with underlying lung disease. Our data demonstrated that ozone induced substantial ATP release from human airway epithelia in vitro and into the airways of mice in vivo and that ATP served as a potent inducer of mast cell degranulation and BHR, acting through P2X7 receptors on mast cells. Both mast cell-deficient and P2X7 receptor-deficient (P2X7-/-) mice demonstrated markedly attenuated BHR to ozone. Reconstitution of mast cell-deficient mice with WT mast cells and P2X7-/- mast …