Diseases Commons^™

Project Title Improving Pci Door-To-Balloon Times Through Team Collaboration, Diane Rydzy Rn, Kenneth Forte Dnp, Rockman Ferrigno, Stuart Zarich

Posters

Objective: To utilize a team approach in identifying areas of improvement to reduce median door-to-balloon times (D2B) for heart attack patients

Comparison Of Serum, Edta Plasma And P100 Plasma For Luminex-Based Biomarker Multiplex Assays In Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease In The Spiromics Study, Wanda K. O'Neal, Wayne Anderson, Patricia V. Basta, Elizabeth E. Carretta, Claire M. Doerschuk, R. Graham Barr, Eugene R. Bleecker, Stephanie A. Christenson, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Meilan K. Han, Nadia N. Hansel, Richard E. Kanner, Eric C. Kleerup, Fernando J. Martinez, Bruce E. Miller, Stephen P. Peters, Stephen I. Rennard, Mary Beth Scholand, Ruth Tal-Singer, Prescott G. Woodruff, David J. Couper, Sonia M. Davis, Spiromics Investigators

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

BACKGROUND: As a part of the longitudinal Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) study, Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD study (SPIROMICS), blood samples are being collected from 3200 subjects with the goal of identifying blood biomarkers for sub-phenotyping patients and predicting disease progression. To determine the most reliable sample type for measuring specific blood analytes in the cohort, a pilot study was performed from a subset of 24 subjects comparing serum, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma, and EDTA plasma with proteinase inhibitors (P100).

METHODS: 105 analytes, chosen for potential relevance to COPD, arranged in 12 multiplex and one simplex platform …

Dnah5 Is Associated With Total Lung Capacity In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Jin Hwa Lee, Merry-Lynn N Mcdonald, Michael H. Cho, Emily S. Wan, Peter J. Castaldi, Gary M. Hunninghake, Nathaniel Marchetti, David A. Lynch, James D. Crapo, David A. Lomas, Harvey O. Coxson, Per S. Bakke, Edwin K. Silverman, Craig P. Hersh, The Copdgene And Eclipse Investigators

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by expiratory flow limitation, causing air trapping and lung hyperinflation. Hyperinflation leads to reduced exercise tolerance and poor quality of life in COPD patients. Total lung capacity (TLC) is an indicator of hyperinflation particularly in subjects with moderate-to-severe airflow obstruction. The aim of our study was to identify genetic variants associated with TLC in COPD.

METHODS: We performed genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in white subjects from three cohorts: the COPDGene Study; the Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE); and GenKOLS (Bergen, Norway). All subjects were current or ex-smokers …

The Role Of Mammalian Cyclin C In Stress Response And Thyroid Disease Progression, Kun Wang

Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Theses and Dissertations

The cellular response to stress involves changes in gene expression programs as well as the remodeling of subcellular organelles including the mitochondria. Important for this study, the mitochondria undergo extensive fragmentation when the cell is exposed to a variety of stressors. The cyclin C-Cdk8 kinase is a highly conserved transcription factor that associates with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. Using cyclin C knockout (CCNC^-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells, I revealed that cyclin C is required for the extensive mitochondrial fragmentation following treatment with pro-oxidants or the anti-cancer drug cisplatin. However, Cdk8 is not required for this process …

Influence Of Diet And Obesity On Copd Development And Outcomes, Corrine K. Hanson, Erica P. Rutten, Emiel F.M. Wouters, Stephen I. Rennard

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

The global increase in the prevalence and incidence of obesity has called serious attention to this issue as a major public health concern. Obesity is associated with many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and recently the role of overweight and obesity in lung disease has received new interest. Independently of obesity, diet also plays a role as a risk factor for many chronic diseases, and evidence is accumulating to support a role for diet in the prevention and management of several lung diseases. Chronic obstructive lung disease is the third-leading cause of death globally, and both obesity and …

Roflumilast And Dyspnea In Patients With Moderate To Very Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Pooled Analysis Of Four Clinical Trials, Stephen I. Rennard, Shawn X. Sun, Stavros Tourkodimitris, Paul Rowe, Udo M. Goehring, Dirk Bredenbröker, Peter M.A. Calverley

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

PURPOSE: Breathlessness is a predominant symptom of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), making it a valuable outcome in addition to lung function to assess treatment benefit. The phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor roflumilast has been shown to provide small but significant improvements in dyspnea, as measured by the transition dyspnea index (TDI), in two 1-year studies in patients with severe to very severe COPD.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: To provide a more comprehensive assessment of the impact of roflumilast on dyspnea, post hoc analyses of four 1-year roflumilast studies (M2-111, M2-112, M2-124, and M2-125) in patients with moderate to very severe COPD were conducted. …

Parp Inhibition: A Method Of Treating And Preventing Certain Cancers, Chana Tropper

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Breast cancer is one of the largest causes of cancer related deaths in women. Less than 5% of breast cancer cases are genetically inherited and most often develop after menopause. The BRCA gene mutation is a genetic inheritance which increases ones chances of developing breast cancer at a young age tenfold. Recent research has proposed a method of treatment in genetically inherited breast cancers by taking advantage of the impaired DNA repair pathway caused by the BRCA mutation. The combination of a BRCA mutation, which leads to deficient double strand DNA repair, and PARP inhibition, which leads to deficient single …

The Fatigue Experience Of African American Women With Breast Cancer, Phyllis D. Morgan Dr.

2010-2016 Archived Posters

Little is known about fatigue related to breast cancer among African American women. This qualitative study explored the fatigue experience of 10 African American women with breast cancer. The study was conducted in the southeastern United States. African American women provided vivid accounts of cancer related fatigue. The women discussed how they worked together with their physicians to manage fatigue related to breast cancer treatment. Strategies used by women included pharmacologic (i.e., vitamins and supplements) and non-pharmacologic (i.e., prayer and exercise) interventions. This information can be used to assist breast health advocates to understand how to support African American women …

Effect Of The Clostridium Difficile Tcde Protein On Membranes Of Escherichia Coli, Sophie Hollenberg

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Clostridium difficile infects millions of hospitalized patients worldwide, causing pseudomembranous colitis, a disease with symptoms attributable to two toxins produced by the bacterium.The PaLoc gene locus in the C. difficile genome is responsible for toxin production and activation, but it is not known how the toxins are released from the pathogen. Within PaLoc is a gene for the TcdE protein, which shares striking similarity to a class of membrane pore-forming proteins called holins. To assess whether TcdE catalyzes toxin release, the engineered tcdE gene was expressed in Escherichia coli. An arabinose promoter upstream of the tcdE gene was manipulated to …

Numerical Algorithms For Solving A Generalized Cancer Chemotherapy Problem, Frank Nani, Mingxian Jin

Math and Computer Science Faculty Working Papers

In this paper, two elaborate numerical algorithms are presented for solving the Nani- Oguztoreli functional differential equations associated with cell-cycle specific cancer chemotherapy. The generalized cell-cycle specific cancer chemotherapy model of Nani- Oguztoreli contains discrete time delays which represent the times that the cancer cells spend in each cell-cycle phase. The model also takes into account that inter-cell cycle phase transition rate constants, recruitment of resting cells from the GO phase, and effect of chemotherapy drug on cells in each phase. The algorithms utilize a modified version of the Method of Steps algorithms. The constructed numerical schemes can be implemented …

Concurrent Non-Ketotic Hyperglycinemia And Propionic Acidemia In An Eight Year Old Boy, Paul Kruszka, Brian Kirmse, Dina Zand, Kristina Cusmano-Ozog, Elaine Spector, John Hove, Kimberly A. Chapman

Pathology Faculty Publications

This is the first reported case of a patient with both non-ketotic hyperglycinemia and propionic acidemia. At 2 years of age, the patient was diagnosed with non-ketotic hyperglycinemia by elevated glycine levels and mutations in the GLDC gene (paternal allele: c.1576_1577insC delT and c.1580delGinsCAA; p.S527Tfs*13, and maternal allele: c.1819G>A; p.G607S). At 8 years of age after having been placed on ketogenic diet, he became lethargic and had severe metabolic acidosis with ketonuria. Urine organic acid analysis and plasma acylcarnitine profile were consistent with propionic acidemia. He was found to have an apparently homozygous mutation in the PCCB gene: c.49C …

Assessing Function And Endurance In Adults With Spinal And Bulbar Muscular Atrophy: Validity Of The Adult Myopathy Assessment Tool., Michael O. Harris-Love, Lindsay Fernandez-Rhodes, Galen Joe, Joseph A. Shrader, Angela Kokkinis, Alison La Pean Kirschner, Sungyoung Auh, Cheunju Chen, Li Li, Ellen Levy, Todd E. Davenport, Nicholas A. Di Prospero, Kenneth H. Fischbeck

Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Publications

Purpose. The adult myopathy assessment tool (AMAT) is a performance-based battery comprised of functional and endurance subscales that can be completed in approximately 30 minutes without the use of specialized equipment. The purpose of this study was to determine the construct validity and internal consistency of the AMAT with a sample of adults with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA).

Methods. AMAT validity was assessed in 56-male participants with genetically confirmed SBMA (mean age, 53 ± 10 years). The participants completed the AMAT and assessments for disease status, strength, and functional status. Results. Lower AMAT scores were associated with longer …

"Wood For The Coffins Ran Out": Modernism And The Shadowed Afterlife Of The Influenza Pandemic, Elizabeth Outka

English Faculty Publications

Here’s what we already know—during the First World War, soldiers and civilians often had remarkably different experiences of the war corpse. Dead bodies were omnipresent on the front line and in the trenches, an inescapable constant for the living soldier. As critic Allyson Booth notes, “Trench soldiers . . . inhabited worlds constructed, literally, of corpses.”¹ In Britain and America, however, such corpses were strangely absent; unlike in previous conflicts, bodies were not returned. This dichotomy underscores some of our central assumptions about the differences between the front line and the home front: in the trenches, dead bodies and …

Efficacy And Safety Of Fixed-Dose Combinations Of Aclidinium Bromide/Formoterol Fumarate: The 24-Week, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Augment Copd Study, Anthony D. D'Urzo, Stephen I. Rennard, Edward M. Kerwin, Victor Mergel, Anne R. Leselbaum, Cynthia F. Caracta, Augment Copd Study Investigators

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

BACKGROUND: Combining two long-acting bronchodilators with complementary mechanisms of action may provide treatment benefits to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that are greater than those derived from either treatment alone. The efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of aclidinium bromide, a long-acting muscarinic antagonist, and formoterol fumarate, a long-acting β2-agonist, in patients with moderate to severe COPD are presented.

METHODS: In this 24-week double-blind study, 1692 patients with stable COPD were equally randomized to twice-daily treatment with FDC aclidinium 400 μg/formoterol 12 μg (ACL400/FOR12 FDC), FDC aclidinium 400 μg/formoterol 6 μg (ACL400/FOR6 FDC), aclidinium 400 μg, …

The Effects That Liquid And Solid Cattle Manure Have On The Water Quality Of Drainage Ditches In Putnam County, Ohio, Janelle Horstman

Honors Projects

Lake Erie has experienced harmful algal blooms with increased frequency since the mid-1990s due to excess nutrients from Rivers, such as the Maumee River, and largely agricultural watersheds. Nonpoint source pollution from agriculture contributes to eutrophication, algal blooms, and the degradation of water quality. This creates stress on aquatic fauna, reduced aesthetic quality, odor, and limits of the water for usage of drinking, recreation, and industry. This research paper asks what the contributions of having access to manure application records, soil records, and information about antibiotics have on what is known about manure management and antibiotic resistance, which has been …

Cxcr7 Expression Disrupts Endothelial Cell Homeostasis And Causes Ligand-Dependent Invasion, Jennifer Totonchy, Lisa Clepper, Kevin G. Phillips, Owen J. T. Mccarty, Ashlee V. Moses

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The homeostatic function of endothelial cells (EC ) is critical for a number of physiological processes including vascular integrity, immunity, and wound healing. Indeed, vascular abnormalities resulting from EC dysfunction contribute to the development and spread of malignancies. The alternative SDF-1/CXCL12 receptor CXCR7 is frequently and specifically highly expressed in tumor-associated vessels. In this study, we investigate whether CXCR7 contributes to vascular dysfunction by specifically examining the effect of CXCR7 expression on EC barrier function and motility. We demonstrate that CXCR7 expression in EC results in redistribution of CD31/PECAM-1 and loss of contact inhibition. Moreover, CXCR7+ EC are deficient in …

Malaria: The Story Of Struggle, Suffering, And Eradication, Stevey Willey

Honors Projects

Every year over two million men, women, and children around the world are affected by malaria, a disease that can easily be prevented with awareness, education, and support. In April 2014 I held a malaria event in which guests had the opportunity to witness the effects malaria has on people, not just physically, but emotionally and economically as well. The death rate has moved from one person every 30 seconds to one every 60 seconds since 2010. The improvement in the rate of deaths has resulted from the increase in awareness of this disease. It is my goal with this …

Impact Of Positive And Negative Health Behaviors On Female Mice And/Or Their Offspring, Kristen M. Platt

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences

Obesity is an ever-growing concern in the developed world that carries with it a plethora of health issues. For example, obesity increases an individual’s risk for Type 2 Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Pregnancy is a vital time for a woman to maintain optimal health, both for her own benefit as well as that of her offspring, and yet almost half of women in the United States who are of age to bear children are overweight or obese. In mice, we found that offspring born to dams fed a high fat diet did not have impaired glucose tolerance, contrary to our …

Muc1 Regulates Cyclin D1 Gene Expression Through P120 Catenin And Β-Catenin, X. Liu, Thomas C. Caffrey, M. M. Steele, Ashley M. Mohr, Pankaj K. Singh, Prakash Radhakrishnan, David L. Kelly, Y. Wen, Michael A. Hollingsworth

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

MUC1 interacts with β-catenin and p120 catenin to modulate WNT signaling. We investigated the effect of overexpressing MUC1 on the regulation of cyclin D1, a downstream target for the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, in two human pancreatic cancer cell lines, Panc-1 and S2-013. We observed a significant enhancement in the activation of cyclin D1 promoter-reporter activity in poorly differentiated Panc1.MUC1F cells that overexpress recombinant MUC1 relative to Panc-1.NEO cells, which express very low levels of endogenous MUC1. In stark contrast, cyclin D1 promoter activity was not affected in moderately differentiated S2-013.MUC1F cells that overexpressed recombinant MUC1 relative to S2-013.NEO cells that …

Leptin Regulates Cd16 Expression On Human Monocytes In A Sex-Specific Manner, Joseph G. Cannon, Gyanendra Sharma, Gloria Sloan, Christiana Dimitropoulou, R. Randall Baker, Andrew Mazzoli, Barbara Kraj, Anthony Mulloy, Miriam Cortez-Cooper

School of Medical Diagnostics & Translational Sciences Publications

Fat mass is linked mechanistically to the cardiovascular system through leptin, a 16 kDa protein produced primarily by adipocytes. In addition to increasing blood pressure via hypothalamic-sympathetic pathways, leptin stimulates monocyte migration, cytokine secretion, and other functions that contribute to atherosclerotic plaque development. These functions are also characteristics of CD16-positive monocytes that have been implicated in the clinical progression of atherosclerosis. This investigation sought to determine if leptin promoted the development of such CD16-positive monocytes. Cells from 45 healthy men and women with age ranging from 20 to 59 years were analyzed. Circulating numbers of CD14++16++ monocytes, which are primary …

Case Study: Sick On A South American Sugarcane Plantation, Kevin M. Bonney

Publications and Research

A case study is presented that was designed to be used in high school and college level courses to familiarize students with chagas disease, its transmission, and effects in Central and South America. Noted objectives of the lesson include evaluating disease symptoms, examining socioeconomic factors related to the epidemiology, and creating visual aids with public health information. Questions are provided for discussing the a case of chagas disease at a Brazilian sugarcane plantation.

Implementation Of A Pharmacy-Based Adult Vaccine Benefit: Recommendations For A Commercial Health Plan Benefit, Jeffery A. Goad, Kelly J. Ko, Rolin L. Wade, Hsing-Ting Yu, Ross M. Miller, Bruce Sherman

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

BACKGROUND: Although vaccination rates in children exceed 90% in the United States, adults are vaccinated at far lower rates. In order to address this issue, additional community immunizers are needed, and pharmacists are in an ideal position to fill this void.

OBJECTIVES: To explore issues and barriers related to implementation of a pharmacy-based adult vaccine benefit and develop recommendations supporting a pathway for benefit expansion.

METHODS: A literature review on the current environment surrounding pharmacy-based adult vaccinations and structured interviews were conducted to inform an expert panel meeting using a modified Delphi process (pre/post survey). The goal …

Miscellaneous Fish Helminth Parasite (Trematoda, Cestoidea, Nematoda, Acanthocephala) Records From Arkansas, C. T. Mcallister, C. R. Bursey, H. W. Robison, D. A. Neely, M. B. Connior, M. A. Barger

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Between June 2012 and January 2014, 147 fishes (10 species) within five families were collected from watersheds in 8 counties of Arkansas and examined for helminth parasites. Almost every fish species examined harbored at least one or more helminth parasite, including 5 trematodes (Alloglossidium sp., Plagioporus sp., Crepidostomum sp., Clinostomum marginatum and unknown metacercaria), 2 cestodes (unknown cyclophyllidean cysticerci and Corallotaenia parva), 3 nematodes (Spiroxys sp., Capillaria catostomi, and Eustrongylides sp.), and 3 acanthocephalans (unknown cystacanths, Neoechinorhynchus sp., and Leptorhynchoides sp.). We document 16 new host and 2 new distributional records for these helminths. In addition, this is the first …

New Host Records For Mesocestoides Sp. Tetrathyridia (Cestoidea: Cyclophyllidea) In Anurans (Bufonidae, Ranidae) From Arkansas, With A Summary Of North American Amphibian Hosts, C. T. Mcallister, M. B. Connior, S. E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Angiotensinogen In Atherosclerosis And Obesity, Congqing Wu

Theses and Dissertations--Nutritional Sciences

Angiotensinogen is the only known precursor in the renin-angiotensin system, a hormonal system best known as an essential regulator of blood pressure and fluid homeostasis. Angiotensinogen is sequentially cleaved by renin and angiotensin- converting enzyme to generate angiotensin II. As the major effector peptide, angiotensin II mainly function through angiotensin type 1 receptor.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and more recently renin inhibitors are widely known as the 3 classic renin-angiotensin system inhibitory drugs against hypertension and atherosclerosis. Here, we developed an array of regents to explore the effects of angiotensinogen inhibition. First, we demonstrated that genetic deficiency of …

Diagnosing The Third World: The “Map Doctor” And The Spatialized Discourses Of Disease And Development In The Cold War, Timothy Barney

Rhetoric and Communication Studies Faculty Publications

In the early 1950s, the American Geographical Society, in collaboration with the United States Armed Forces and international pharmaceutical corporations, instituted a Medical Geography program whose main initiative was the Atlas of Disease, a map series that documented the global spread of various afflictions such as polio, malaria, even starvation. The Atlas of Disease, through the stewardship of its director, Jacques May, a French-American physician trained in colonial Hanoi, evidenced the ways in which cartography was rhetorically appropriated in the Cold War as a powerful visual discourse of development and modernization, wherein both the data content of the maps and …

Application Of Marginal Structural Models In Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies, Shibing Yang

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighted estimation (IPTW) of marginal structural models was proposed to adjust for time-varying confounders that are influenced by prior treatment use. It is unknown whether pharmacoepidemiologic studies that applied IPTW conformed to the recommendations proposed by methodological studies. In addition, no previous study has compared the performance of different analytic strategies adopted in IPTW analyses. Objectives: This project aims 1) to review the reporting practice of pharmacoepidemiologic studies that applied IPTW, 2) to compare the validity and precision of several approaches to constructing weight, 3) to use IPTW to estimate the effectiveness of glucosamine and chondroitin in treating osteoarthritis. …

Phenotype Of Transgenic Mice Carrying A Very Low Copy Number Of The Mutant Human G93a Superoxide Dismutase-1 Gene Associated With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Jeffrey S. Deitch, Guillermo M. Alexander, Andrew Bensinger, Steven Yang, Juliann T. Jiang, Terry D. Heiman-Patterson

PCOM Scholarly Works

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of the motor neuron. While most cases of ALS are sporadic, 10% are familial (FALS) with 20% of FALS caused by a mutation in the gene that codes for the enzyme Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). There is variability in sporadic ALS as well as FALS where even within the same family some siblings with the same mutation do not manifest disease. A transgenic (Tg) mouse model of FALS containing 25 copies of the mutant human SOD1 gene demonstrates motor neuron pathology and progressive weakness similar to ALS patients, leading to death …

Characterisation Of The Vaginal Microflora Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv) Positive And Negative Women In A Sub-Urban Population Of Kenya, Teresa N. Kiama, Rita Verhelst, Paul M. Mbugua, Mario Vaneechoutte, Hans Verstraelen, Benson Estambale, Marleen Temmerman

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Lactobacilli predominate normal vaginal microflora and are important in maintenance of vaginal health. The current study set out to identify and compare culture isolates of vaginal microflora of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive (HIV+ ) and HIV negative (HIV- ) women at different phases during menstrual cycle from a sub-urban population of Kenya. Seventy four (74) women, 41 HIV+ and 33 HIV- , followed up two consecutive menstrual cycles, had high vaginal swabs taken to prepare Gram stains for six visits and anaerobic cultures for four. All 751 isolates identified by t-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) belong to 51 species. …

Shots, Everybody? : British Anti-Smallpox Vaccination And The Development Of Multifaceted Anti-Vaccine Rhetoric On Internet Parenting Forums, Marta B. Bean

Scripps Senior Theses

Vaccination is an important public health measure that can help reduce disease at the population level. Substantial evidence exists that vaccines are safe and effective at reducing the incidence of diseases like pertussis, measles and cervical cancer. However, on Internet parenting forums, parents discuss whether or not vaccination is the right choice for their children. In this thesis, I highlight the historical context of the anti-vaccine movement in mid 19^th century to early 20^th century Victorian Britain in the era of compulsory smallpox vaccination. Vaccination in this time was a very different and more overtly dangerous process, and …