Diseases Commons^™

Necessity For Excellent Glycemic Control Before, During And After Cabg Surgery, Sheri Clouse

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

A 72 year old male patient was admitted to the hospital presenting with sharp substernal pain and pressure to the left upper chest rated a “10” out of 10. Patient complained of chest pain even at rest which was relieved by a nitroglycerin infusion. Patient had established coronary artery disease as evidenced by five prior stent placements, with the last stent placement being in 2010. The patient also presented to the Emergency Room with a blood glucose level over 600 mg/dL and because of his complaints of chest pain, was transferred to a neighboring hospital facility to have a cardiac …

Review Of The Effectiveness Of Tissue Plasminogen Activator For The Treatment Of Plastic Bronchitis In Patients With Fontan Physiology, Ruth Ferroni

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Plastic bronchitis is a condition characterized by the formation of bronchial casts ranging from small to large obstructions of the pulmonary airways. Cast formation is intricate and resembles a plastic, rubbery model of the airway it obstructs. Its form was first described by Galen (A.D. 131-200). One of the patient populations at risk for developing this rare complication are those with single ventricle disease who are surgically corrected to Fontan physiology. It is a very abnormal type of circulation that is suspect in the development of plastic bronchitis. The cellular composition of plastic bronchitis differs from the casts seen in …

Ebola, A Deadly Viral Disease Affecting The West African Country Of Sierra Leone, Unisa Seisay

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Presently, there has been an outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in the West African countries of Sierra Leone, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal and Guinea. The outbreak was first discovered in Guinea in March 21, 2014 and has spread to the neighboring countries. This has resulted in a lot of fatalities and is now considered a global public health concern (WHO, 2014).

Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, And Clinical Treatment Of A Patient With A Pheochromocytoma, Tricia L. Hale

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Hypertension is an extremely common diagnosis today. This condition can be caused by a multitude of factors, and can inversely cause numerous unfavorable processes in the body. One rare but significant source of hypertension is a tumor known as a pheochromocytoma, or PCC. This usually benign tumor is most often located on an adrenal gland, and can have a grave impact on the cardiovascular system. The tumor intermittently secretes an excess of the catecholamine norepinephrine, and if large enough, also secretes epinephrine [9]. These episodic bursts can cause extreme hypertension and tachycardia, leading to, at times fatal results. By understanding …

Enterococcus Faecalis Endocarditis: A Case Study, Torri Curtis

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Infectious endocarditis is an uncommon disease of the heart stemming from a bacterial or fungal infection on the endocardial surface of the heart or heart valve (Pierce, Calkins, & Thornton, 2012). From review of the literature, infective endocarditis is fairly uncommon and may be difficult to initially diagnose. Per Sabe, Shrestha, and Menon, occurrence of infective endocarditis (IE) is nearly 0.9-6.2 per 100,000 persons per year (2013). Several preexisting conditions such as aging, heart valve disease, implantable cardiac devices, a history of heart disease such as rheumatic fever, and invasive procedures can put a patient at higher risk for IE …

Craniocervical Arterial Dissection, Joseph Weisenberger

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

The annual incidence for spontaneous carotid artery dissection (CAD) ranges from 2 to 3/100,000 patients and is even lower for a spontaneous vertebral artery dissection (VAD). Furthermore, there is only a .08% - .04% chance for the incidence of a traumatic dissection (TD), of the entire trauma population (Mortazvi, Verma, Tubbs, Harrigan, 2011). However, despite these low levels, CAD/VADs pose a serious threat to a patient’s plan of care if not identified and treated early.

Generalized Theoretical Criteria For Annihilation Of Hiv-1 Virions During Haart, Frank Nani, Mingxian Jin

Math and Computer Science Faculty Working Papers

Aims: This paper is an elaborate and quantitative attempt to construct medically applicable mathematical models and derive criteria for efficacious Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) protocol for an AIDS patient. The patho-physiological dynamics of Human Immuno-deficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) induced AIDS during HAART is modeled by a system of non-linear deterministic differential equations. The physiologically relevant and clinically plausible equations depict the dynamics of uninfected CD4+ T cells (x1), HIV-1 infected CD4+ T cells (x2), HIV-1 virions in the blood plasma (x3), HIV-1 specific CD8+ T cells (x4), and the concentration of HAART drug molecules (x5). The major objective …

Effects Of 5-Aza-2' Deoxycitidine And Sulforaphane On Major Histocompatibility Complex (Mhc) Classes I And Ii Surface Expression In Human Acute T-Cell Leukemia Cell Jurkat, Ali Salam Abdullah Ms

All Student Scholarship

The immune system cells recognize and kill cancer cells by engaging the tumor antigens on the surfaces of cancer cells presented by the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). Cancer cells can escape from immune system cells recognition and/or killing by down-regulating the MHC expression through genetic or epigenetic mechanisms.

Lymphedema: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis & Management, Bernadine Cruz

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Lymphedema is a disfiguring condition whose hallmark is progressive, increasing swelling which occurs as a result of the accumulation of protein rich fluid in interstitial spaces. Those individuals who are affected suffer from either primary lymphedema or secondary lymphedema; the pathophysiology of both conditions is similar. Lymphedema can be a chronic, acute, or transient alteration, which can eventually lead to keratinization of the skin. An increase in the incidence of lymphedema has also been observed with increase in levels of obesity.

Atrial Fibrillation Post-Lung Lobectomy, Laura Adorni

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

According to the American Heart Association, atrial fibrillation affected 2.66 million individuals in the United States in 2010 and is expected to double by year 2050 (Sanoski, 2010, p. S11). Post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF), a classification of atrial fibrillation (AF), can occur after thoracic surgery and is an ongoing source of morbidity and mortality (Imperatori et al., 2012). There is a 10-20% occurrence rate of POAF after non-cardiac surgery, such as a lung lobectomy, and a 40% incidence rate after a pneumonectomy (Omae & Kanmura, 2012, p. 429). Cardiovascular events such as heart failure, cerebral infarction, renal failure, and infection …

Myocardial Infarction (Mi) In Women, Samuel Agyenim Boateng

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Cardiovascular disease (CAD) is the most common cause of death for men and women in the US. The disease has been extensively studied in males (Gulati & Bairey Merz, 2012, p. 141). CVD poses an obvious challenge to the health of women. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is described as a "modern epidemic" (Banner, 2010, p. 3123). Although, the prevalence of CVD has prompted many studies for prevention and treatment, little is known about CVD in women. It Is now known that the mortality rates In women have surpassed that of men. Recent reports Indicate that CVD killed more women in …

Literary Research On Alport Syndrome, Shailendra Jain

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Alport syndrome is rare genetic disorder of the glomerulus in the kidneys that can be X-linked, Autosomal recessive, or Autosomal dominant in nature. Clinical manifestation includes hearing loss, hematuria, proteinuria, and hypertension (Cheungpasitporn, Kaewpoowat, Suksaranjit, Kittanamongkolchai, Srivali, Ungprasert, & Rangan, 2012). It is most common disease in males. A 24-hour urine specimen is usually obtained to check for proteinuria and elevated creatinine, which indicate acute renal failure (Cosgrove, 2012). A renal biopsy and ultrasounds is used to confirm the diagnosis of Alport Syndrome. Patients that are diagnosed with such disease require dialysis and referral to an ophthalmology and audiology. The …

Enterovirus D68, Kimberly Meyers

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Enterovirus D68 (EVD68) “belongs to the family Picornaviridae, genus Enterovirus, and species Human enterovirus D: (Kaida et al.,2011, para.2). It is a small nonenveloped RNA virus (Xiang et al., 2012). EVD68 “shares characteristics with rhinoviruses, such as infection of the respiratory tract and acid lability” (Lauinger et al., 2012). There is no specific treatment for EVD68. Since the infection is caused by a virus, antibiotics would be ineffective. There are no antiviral medications currently available to treat EVD68 (Herold, 2014). Treatment may include antipyretics, cough medicines, bronchodilators, oxygen, and mechanical ventilation if required.

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (Cvst), Meghan N. Delong

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an uncommon condition with incidence resulting in approximately 1-3 % of all strokes. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis remains often unrecognized initially due to its vague manifestations of symptoms which range from isolated headaches to focal neurological signs and symptoms. CVST is slightly more common in women, particularly in the age group of 20 to 35, due to pregnancy, puerperium and oral contraceptive use (Stam, 2005).

Acute Pancreatitis, Laura Payne

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Acute pancreatitis is a common diagnosis seen in intensive care units worldwide. The incidence of pancreatitis has increased over the last decade. It ranks third amongst the gastrointestinal diseases resulting in hospital admissions. The destructive complications of pancreatitis make it a life-threatening disease. If pancreatitis progresses to the severe form the mortality rate significantly increase from one percent to upwards of thirty percent. Pancreatitis is associated with high rates of morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospital admissions(Goozen, Besselink, Santroort, & Bollen, 2013). An increased understanding of the pathophysiology of pancreatitis has changed the approach to treatment from early surgical treatment to …

Ascaris Lumbricoides: The Unforeseen Diagnosis, Suzette Maynard

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Infections from Ascaris lumbricoides have become very prevalent in lesser developed countries. These infections are believed to migrate into the United States through the border with Mexico, and immigration from other countries, through increased world travel and international adoptions (Cardenas et al., 2010). A. lumbricoides have been found to cause cases in the United States, one being in Westerville, Ohio (J. Leonard, personal communication, September 6, 2014). As the world has become smaller, it has become imperative that as a nation we are able to prepare for infections that are popular outside the United States. The first step in preparing …

Detection Of Bacterial Antigens And Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathology In The Central Nervous System Of Balb/C Mice Following Intranasal Infection With A Laboratory Isolate Of Chlamydia Pneumoniae, C. Scott Little Phd, Timothy A. Joyce, Christine Hammond, Hazem Matta, David Cahn, Denah Appelt, Brian J. Balin Phd

PCOM Scholarly Works

Pathology consistent with that observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has previously been documented following intranasal infection of normal wild-type mice with Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) isolated from an AD brain (96-41). In the current study, BALB/c mice were intranasally infected with a laboratory strain of Cpn, AR-39, and brain and olfactory bulbs were obtained at 1-4 months post-infection (pi). Immunohistochemistry for amyloid beta or Cpn antigens was performed on sections from brains of infected or mock-infected mice. Chlamydia-specific immunolabeling was identified in olfactory bulb tissues and in cerebrum of AR-39 infected mice. The Cpn specific labeling was most prominent at 1 …

Agreement Between Serology And Histology For Detection Of Helicobacter Pylori Infection, Javed Yakoob, Zaigham Abbas

Section of Gastroenterology

No abstract provided.

Understanding Treatment Refusal Among Adults Presenting For Hiv-Testing In Soweto, South Africa: A Qualitative Study, Ingrid T. Katz, Janan Dietrich, Gugu Tshabalala, Thandekile Essien, Kathryn Rough, Alexi A. Wright, David Bangsberg, Glenda E. Gray, Norma C. Ware

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

HIV treatment initiatives have focused on increasing access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). There is growing evidence, however, that treatment availability alone is insufficient to stop the epidemic. In South Africa, only one third of individuals living with HIV are actually on treatment. Treatment refusal has been identified as a phenomenon among people who are asymptomatic, however, factors driving refusal remain poorly understood. We interviewed 50 purposively sampled participants who presented for voluntary counseling and testing in Soweto to elicit a broad range of detailed perspectives on ART refusal. We then integrated our core findings into an explanatory framework. Participants described …

Genetics Of The Pig Tapeworm In Madagascar Reveal A History Of Human Dispersal And Colonization, Tetsuya Yanagida, Jean-François Carod, Yasuhito Sako, Minoru Nakao, Eric P. Hoberg, Akira Ito

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

An intricate history of human dispersal and geographic colonization has strongly affected the distribution of human pathogens. The pig tapeworm Taenia solium occurs throughout the world as the causative agent of cysticercosis, one of the most serious neglected tropical diseases. Discrete genetic lineages of T. solium in Asia and Africa/Latin America are geographically disjunct; only in Madagascar are they sympatric. Linguistic, archaeological and genetic evidence has indicated that the people in Madagascar have mixed ancestry from Island Southeast Asia and East Africa. Hence, anthropogenic introduction of the tapeworm from Southeast Asia and Africa had been postulated. This study shows that …

Contemporary Use Of Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty In The Era Of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation, Dawn S Hui, David M Shavelle, Mark J Cunningham, Ray V Matthews, Vaughn A Starnes

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

The development of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has increased the use of balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) in treating aortic stenosis. We evaluated our use of BAV in an academic tertiary referral center with a developing TAVI program.

We reviewed 69 consecutive stand-alone BAV procedures that were performed in 62 patients (mean age, 77 ± 10 yr; 62% men; baseline mean New York Heart Association functional class, 3 ± 1) from January 2009 through December 2012. Enrollment for the CoreValve® clinical trial began in January 2011. We divided the study cohort into 2 distinct periods, defined as pre-TAVI (2009–2010) and …

Effect Of Electrocautery On Endothelial Integrity Of The Internal Thoracic Artery: Ultrastructural Analysis With Transmission Electron Microscopy, Burak Onan, Mehmet Yeniterzi, Ismihan Selen Onan, Burak Ersoy, Suheyla Gonca, Elif Gelenli, Seyhun Solakoglu, Ihsan Bakir

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

The internal thoracic artery (ITA) is typically harvested from the chest wall by means of conventional electrocautery. We investigated the effects of electrocautery on endothelial-cell and vessel-wall morphology at the ultrastructural level during ITA harvesting. Internal thoracic artery specimens from 20 patients who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting were investigated in 2 groups. The ITA grafts were sharply dissected with use of a scalpel and clips in the control group (n=10) and were harvested by means of electrocautery in the study group (n=10). Each sample was evaluated for intimal, elastic-tissue, muscular-layer, and adventitial changes. Free flow was measured intraoperatively. …

Off-Pump Myocardial Revascularization In A High-Risk Patient With Essential Thrombocythemia, Ahmad K Darwazah, Hamad Madi, Rami Zagha, Yahia Hawash

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

Essential thrombocythemia is a rare type of myeloproliferative disorder. Cerebral, myocardial, and peripheral thrombosis are all frequent complications of the disease.

A 71-year-old man presented with severe coronary artery disease, associated with cerebral vascular ischemic changes and erythromelalgia. His platelet count was 1,486 ×103/μL. The patient underwent successful myocardial revascularization by means of an off-pump technique after his platelet count had been reduced by hydroxycarbamide administration.

We conclude that the use of off-pump cardiopulmonary bypass in high-risk patients with essential thrombocythemia is safe. Reducing platelet count via the administration of hydroxycarbamide and the careful balancing of antiplatelets and anticoagulants is …

Impact Of Pre-Stage Ii Hemodynamics And Pulmonary Artery Anatomy On 12-Month Outcomes In The Pediatric Heart Network Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial., Ranjit Aiyagari, John F. Rhodes, Peter Shrader, Wolfgang A. Radtke, Varsha M. Bandisode, Lisa Bergersen, Matthew J. Gillespie, Robert G. Gray, Lin T. Guey, Kevin D. Hill, Russel Hirsch, Dennis W. Kim, Kyong-Jin Lee, Andrew N. Pelech, Jeremy Ringewald, Cheryl Takao, Julie A. Vincent, Richard G. Ohye, Pediatric Heart Network Investigators, Girish S. Shirali

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: To compare the interstage cardiac catheterization hemodynamic and angiographic findings between shunt types for the Pediatric Heart Network Single Ventricle Reconstruction trial. The trial, which randomized subjects to a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (MBTS) or right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt (RVPAS) for the Norwood procedure, demonstrated the RVPAS was associated with a smaller pulmonary artery diameter but superior 12-month transplant-free survival.

METHODS: We analyzed the pre-stage II catheterization data for the trial subjects. The hemodynamic variables and shunt and pulmonary angiographic data were compared between shunt types; their association with 12-month transplant-free survival was also evaluated.

RESULTS: Of 549 randomized subjects, …

Intimate Partner Violence After Disclosure Of Hiv Test Results Among Pregnant Women In Harare, Zimbabwe, Simukai Shamu, Christina Zarowsky, Tamara Shefer, Marleen Temmerman, Naeemah Abrahams

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Background: HIV status disclosure is a central strategy in HIV prevention and treatment but in high prevalence settings women test disproportionately and most often during pregnancy. This study reports intimate partner violence (IPV) following disclosure of HIV test results by pregnant women.

Methods: In this cross sectional study we interviewed 1951 postnatal women who tested positive and negative for HIV about IPV experiences following HIV test disclosure, using an adapted WHO questionnaire. Multivariate regression models assessed factors associated with IPV after disclosure and controlled for factors such as previous IPV and other known behavioural factors associated with IPV.

Results: Over …

Use Of A Melody Pulmonary Valve In Transcatheter Valve-In-Valve Replacement For Tricuspid Valve Bioprosthesis Degeneration, David M Filsoof, David F Snipelisky, Brian P Shapiro

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

Bioprosthetic heart valves can degenerate and fail over time. Repeat surgery as a means of replacement increases morbidity and mortality rates, and some patients are not candidates for reoperation. A newer treatment, percutaneous transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation, might delay or substitute for invasive procedures. We present the case of a 51-year-old woman, a poor candidate for surgery who had prosthetic tricuspid valve degeneration and stenosis. We successfully performed valve-in-valve placement of a Melody® valve, using a procedure originally intended to treat pulmonary valve conduit obstruction or regurgitation. To our knowledge, this is among the first case reports to describe the use …

Prevalence Of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Barbers And Their Knowledge, Attitude And Practices In The District Of Sukkur, Sindh ., Imran Naeem Abbasi, Zafar Fatmi, Muhammad Masood Kadir, Nalini Sathiakumar

Community Health Sciences

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

Several occupations in developing countries lag behind in ensuring the safety of their workers in occupational settings. Lack of implementation of safety guidelines at workplaces can expose workers to health risks. In Pakistan, barbers are one of the un-regulated occupational groups. Low literacy, increased frequency of direct skin contact and blade/razors use can expose barbers to body fluids including blood of the customers. We conducted this study in order to determine hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence among barbers and their knowledge, attitude and practices in a peri-urban district of Sindh.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Three hundred eighty-five barbers from …

Stability, Bifurcation And Chaos Analysis Of Vector-Borne Disease Model With Application To Rift Valley Fever, Sansao A. Pedro, Shirley Abelman, Frank T. Ndjomatchoua, Rosemary Sang, Henri E.Z. Tonnang

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

This paper investigates a RVF epidemic model by qualitative analysis and numerical simulations. Qualitative analysis have been used to explore the stability dynamics of the equilibrium points while visualization techniques such as bifurcation diagrams, Poincaré maps, maxima return maps and largest Lyapunov exponents are numerically computed to confirm further complexity of these dynamics induced by the seasonal forcing on the mosquitoes oviposition rates. The obtained results show that ordinary differential equation models with external forcing can have rich dynamic behaviour, ranging from bifurcation to strange attractors which may explain the observed fluctuations found in RVF empiric outbreak data, as well …

Applying Novel Tree-Based Frameworks To Big Data For Classification Of Heart Failure Patients And Prediction Of Clinical Responses, Yan Zhang, Nicholas Downing, Emily Bucholz, Suganthi Balasubramanian, Shu-Xia Li, Tara Liptak, Harlan Krumholz, Mark Gerstein

Yale Day of Data

Over 5 million Americans suffer from heart failure, a condition with a 5-year survival that eclipses all cancers apart from that of lung cancer. Conventional understanding of heart failure is simplistic: it is viewed as a single syndrome, despite real heterogeneity. In addition, models predicting outcomes focus on dichotomous results, like 30-day readmission. A novel approach to classification of heart failure may improve our ability to target interventions, improve patient experiences, and predict outcomes.

The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project is a family of administrative claims databases that describes patient demographics, comorbidities, procedures, acute care utilization and outcomes, such as …

Inpp4b Suppresses Prostate Cancer Cell Invasion, Myles C. Hodgson, Elena I. Deryugina, Egla Suarez, Sandra M. Lopez, Dong Lin, Hui Xue, Ivan P. Gorlov

Dartmouth Scholarship

INPP4B and PTEN dual specificity phosphatases are frequently lost during progression of prostate cancer to metastatic disease. We and others have previously shown that loss of INPP4B expression correlates with poor prognosis in multiple malignancies and with metastatic spread in prostate cancer.

We demonstrate that de novo expression of INPP4B in highly invasive human prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells suppresses their invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Using global gene expression analysis, we found that INPP4B regulates a number of genes associated with cell adhesion, the extracellular matrix, and the cytoskeleton. Importantly, de novo expressed INPP4B suppressed the proinflammatory chemokine …